Co-Cu-Zn-B/black cumin meal(bcm) nanocomposites were synthesized by chemical degradation and deposition method. The structure and morphology of Co-Cu-Zn-B/bcm, which was synthesized at room conditions and active in sodium borohydride hydrolysis, were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD devices. To prepare the waste black cumin meal as a support material, it was first kept in an autoclave at 180 °C in the oven for 6 h. In this stage, binary and ternary Co-Cu-B/bcm, Co-Zn-B/bcm and Co-Cu-Zn-B/bcm samples and different metal ratios (10–60%) NaBH4 hydrolysis experimental results were tested. In terms of production from NaBH4 hydrolysis of the synthesized nanocomposites, it has been observed that the best results are exhibited in those produced with 50% metal ratio and binary metal components Co-Cu-B/bcm, where catalytic activities occur. Co-Cu-B/bcm > Co-Cu-Zn-B/bcm > Co-Zn-B/bcm Maximum energy production rate in terms of catalytic activity and completion time of parts is 1757.1 mL/g.cat at 30 °C it was detected as min. The effects of variables such as NaOH and NaBH4 compositions in solution, a certain limit and temperature on NaBH4 hydrolysis were tested separately. The kinetics of the combined products were examined between temperatures (20–50 °C) and then the activation energy was calculated as 37.67 kJ/mol. The activation energy and temperature range obtained show that the catalyst has good activity compared to expensive catalysts.
Two new perovskite-type compounds, Na4Cu8Sn3S12 (1) and K4Cu8Sn3S12 (2) were synthesized by a solvothermal method in the existence of excess sulfur as a mineralizer. Two compounds are isostructural and crystallize in cubic space group Fm(:stackrel{-}{3})c and feature the same anion framework [Cu8Sn3S12]n4n−. Compared with perovskite CaTiO3, the Ti⁴⁺ ions are simultaneously substituted by [Cu₈]⁸⁺ unit, the O²⁻ ions by [SnS₄]⁴⁻ unit, and the Ca²⁺ ions by four alkali metal cations. The above compounds are narrow-band semiconductors with the band gaps of 2.01 eV for compound 1, and 2.25 eV for 2, and compound 1 exhibits good photoelectric response performance.
The metal oxide nanocarriers are attracting a lot of interest in cancer treatment because of their special characteristics in nanoscale. However, nanomaterials do have several drawbacks in biomedical applications, such as toxicity, biocompatibility, and stability. To reduce the adverse impacts of traditional chemotherapeutics, magnetite (Fe3O4 NPs) nanoparticles are showing promise as nanocarriers. In this study, focused on nano-bio interaction of synthesized cyclophosphamide loaded chitosan encapsulated magnetite nanoparticles (Chitosan@CP@Fe3O4 NPs). The cyclophosphamide-loaded magnetite nanoparticles have more biocompatibility, less toxicity and more drug encapsulation efficiency and releasing efficiency compared to bare cyclophosphamide and magnetite nanoparticles. The cellular nano-bio interaction was studied in hemocompatibility, cell viability assay showed higher cytotoxicity with an IC50 values of CP (500 µg/ml), Fe3O4 NPs (500 µg/ml) and Chitosan@CP@Fe3O4 NPs (500 µg/ml). The chromosomal level nano-bio interaction was studied in human blood chromosomal aberration assay, onion root tip geno-toxicity assay. The results show that Fe3O4 NPs are induced more cytotoxicity and genotoxicity at higher concentrations, but CP only induced genotoxicity. The combination of chitosan@CP@Fe3O4 NPs induced very less cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and more anti-tumor effects.
The growing environmental impact of synthetic dyes like Congo Red (CR) necessitates the development of efficient and sustainable adsorbents for water treatment. This study presents the green synthesis of a novel ternary composite, PPHC@TiO₂/PPy, by integrating pomegranate peel-derived hydrochar (PPHC), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs), and polypyrrole (PPy) through hydrothermal carbonization, TiO₂ precipitation, and in situ oxidative polymerization. The composite was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and zeta potential measurements. These analyses confirmed the formation of a mesoporous hybrid material with favorable surface chemistry, thermal stability, and a point of zero charge (pHₚzc) of 9.93. Under optimized adsorption conditions (50 ppm CR, 25 °C, 50 mg dosage, 360 min), the composite exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 356.61 mg/g. Kinetic data conformed to a pseudo-second-order model, and equilibrium results followed the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer chemisorption. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° = −34.26 kJ/mol; ΔG° = −27.62 to − 27.17 kJ/mol) confirmed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the process. These results demonstrate the strong potential of PPHC@TiO₂/PPy as a high-performance, eco-friendly adsorbent for the effective removal of anionic dyes in wastewater treatment applications.
The present work focuses on the study of the interaction of rare-earth oxides (REOs: La2O3, CeO2, Pr6O11, Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3, Tb4O7, Dy2O3, Ho2O3, Er2O3, Tm2O3, Yb2O3, Lu2O3, and Y2O3) with hydrogen using the H2-TPR technique. The temperature windows for surface and bulk H2-TPR peaks of all nanocrystalline rare-earth oxides were determined and discussed in detail. A comprehensive analysis of the reducibility of rare-earth oxides was also conducted. This analysis identifies the pathways and general trends of the reduction processes in nanocrystallites of all rare-earth oxides — key information for their use in a wide range of scientific applications, such as heterogeneous catalysis and luminescent materials.
The article presents a robust technique for nanoparticle manufacturing that employs hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, utilizing curcumin (Cur) and cyclotides (Cyc) as pharmacological models. The CS/HA/P407@Cyc@Cur nanosystem, confirmed using FTIR, UV-Vis, and DLS, exhibited consistent physicochemical characteristics: diameter (182.6 ± 10.7 nm), PDI (0.381 ± 0.07), and zeta potential (-30 mV), hence ensuring colloidal stability. High loading efficiency (LE: 90.42–93.09%) and encapsulation capacity (LC: 4.17–4.73%) validated the effective co-loading of Cur and Cyc. The nanosystem demonstrated pH-responsive drug release in acidic tumor microenvironments and remarkable stability, maintaining 82.87% Cur in DMEM. Antibacterial experiments demonstrated significant action against gram-positive bacteria and moderate effectiveness against gram-negative pathogens. Hemocompatibility was exceptional, with hemolysis below 2% across all concentrations. Both free and nanoparticle-encapsulated @Cyc@Cur significantly inhibited MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation at low doses, underscoring their therapeutic potential. The technology’s adaptability facilitates future integration for synergistic dual-drug delivery, especially with antibiotics and anticancer drugs, presenting exciting opportunities for the treatment of infections, cancers, and hematological disorders through intravenous injection.
The infection with multiple-drug-resistant bacteria and fungi has become a significant challenge in wound care management. Microbial infections significantly increase mortality rates and healthcare costs for patients with diabetic wounds. Therefore, the design of effective antimicrobial materials for wound healing is critically important. Zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) are highly tunable and effective materials for biomedical applications. In this study, we present a chitosan-coated bimetallic ZIF-Ni nanocomposite designed for antimicrobial and wound healing applications. The material characteristics of the CS@ZIF-Ni nanocomposite were systematically investigated using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The surface coating of the biopolymer chitosan enhances the biological activity and biocompatibility of the CS@ZIF-Ni nanocomposite. Antimicrobial assays confirmed that the combination of bimetallic zeolitic imidazole and chitosan effectively eradicates multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Results from cytotoxicity assays on human skin cells indicated that the CS@ZIF-Ni is a highly biocompatible material. The presence of zinc and nickel promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated microbial cell death and creates optimal conditions for cell regeneration. Additionally, the chitosan bioactive molecules stimulate antimicrobial activity and enhance the migration rate of wounded cells. The synergistic effects of CS@ZIF-Ni, including its high stability, biosafety, antimicrobial efficacy, and ability to support cell regeneration based on in vitro experiments, make it an excellent therapeutic option for wound care management. The findings of this study suggest that the chitosan-coated ZIF-Ni nanocomposite improves antibiotic efficacy against human infectious pathogens and may serve as a valuable material for antimicrobial therapy and wound healing applications.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly prevalent among pregnant women, with global incidences projected to exceed 150 million cases annually, resulting in increased hospitalizations and healthcare expenditures. Biofilm formation by uropathogens enhances bacterial resistance, with Escherichia coli as the primary causative agent. This study reports the synthesis and characterization of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) loaded with a nalidixic acid–curcumin complex (Nla/Cn-CNPs) for targeted antibacterial therapy. The synthesized NPs displayed a predominantly spherical morphology with a mean particle size of 45–60 nm, as confirmed by SEM and TEM analyses. FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy verified the successful conjugation of nalidixic acid and curcumin to the CNP surface. In vitro assays demonstrated that Nla/Cn-CNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity, against E. coli and E. faecalis. The complex also inhibited biofilm formation by up to 76%, surpassing the efficacy of free drugs alone. Antioxidant assays revealed substantial ROS scavenging activity, with up to 68% reduction in intracellular ROS levels in infected cells treated with Nla/Cn-CNPs. Flow cytometry confirmed that treated groups showed a marked decline in ROS-positive populations compared to untreated infected controls. Biocompatibility testing using Vero cell lines showed over 90% cell viability at concentrations up to 400 µg/mL, indicating minimal cytotoxicity. These findings highlight the potential of Nla/Cn-CNPs as a multifunctional nanoplatform for UTI treatment through enhanced antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant mechanisms. Future directions include In vivo studies to evaluate pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy, as well as formulation refinement for clinical translation.
The synthesis and characterization of Chitosan/Polycaprolactone (CHT/PCL) polymer nanocomposites doped with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were conducted for antimicrobial applications. Ag NPs were synthesized using a green method with Sambucus ebulus L. extract, and the nanocomposites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM images revealed Ag NPs with an average size of ~ 100 nm, while XRD analysis showed a marked increase in crystallinity with higher Ag NP content, indicating improved structural properties. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli ATCC 25,322, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,923, and Candida albicans FMC17 using the disk diffusion method. The results demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones increasing with Ag NP concentrations, particularly against E. coli and C. albicans. The nanocomposites exhibited a 9 mm inhibition zone for E. coli and 10 mm for C. albicans at 3 wt% Ag NP concentration. However, the activity against S. aureus was less pronounced, particularly at higher Ag NP concentrations, potentially due to nanoparticle aggregation. The inclusion of Ag NPs also enhanced the physical properties of the nanocomposites, including increased swelling degree and gel content, although the shape memory effect was observed to be more prominent in films with lower Ag NP concentrations. Overall, CHT/PCL/Ag NP nanocomposites show promising potential for antimicrobial applications, offering a balance of enhanced antimicrobial activity, improved physical properties, and some limitations in activity against certain bacterial strains.
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