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Safety Effectiveness Evaluation of Raised Pedestrian Crossings in Ho Chi Minh City 胡志明市高架人行横道安全有效性评价
Pub Date : 2021-02-28 DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2021.01.005
Tran Quang Vuong
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引用次数: 0
Old, Diseased and Unfit to Drive a Motor Vehicle? An Evidence-Based View on Risk Factors among Senior Drivers in Germany 年老、患病及不适合驾驶汽车?基于证据的德国老年司机危险因素分析
Pub Date : 2021-02-28 DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2021.01.002
T. Wagner, Thomas Friedrich, A. Voigt
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引用次数: 1
Probability Distribution of Edge in Adjacent Matrix of Aviation Network of China and Algorithm of Searching Non-overlap Community Structure Based on Complex Network 中国航空网络邻接矩阵边的概率分布及基于复杂网络的非重叠社团结构搜索算法
Pub Date : 2021-02-28 DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2021.01.001
Cheng Xiangjun, Yang Fang, Wei Chong
In order to discover the probability distribution feature of edge in aviation network adjacent matrix of China and on the basis of this feature to establish an algorithm of searching non-overlap community structure in network to reveal the inner principle of complex network with the feature of small world in aspect of adjacent matrix and community structure, aviation network adjacent matrix of China was transformed according to the node rank and the matrix was arranged on the basis of ascending node rank with the center point as original point. Adjacent probability from the original point to extension around in approximate area was calculated. Through fitting probability distribution curve, power function of probability distribution of edge in adjacent matrix arranged by ascending node rank was found. According to the feature of adjacent probability distribution, deleting step by step with node rank ascending algorithm was set up to search non-overlap community structure in network and the flow chart of algorithm was given. A non-overlap community structure with 10 different scale communities in aviation network of China was found by the computer program written on the basis of this algorithm.
为了发现中国航空网络邻接矩阵中边缘的概率分布特征,并在此基础上建立一种搜索网络中非重叠群落结构的算法,从邻接矩阵和群落结构两个方面揭示具有小世界特征的复杂网络的内在原理,根据节点秩对中国航空网络相邻矩阵进行变换,以中心点为原点,按节点秩升序排列矩阵。计算了在近似区域内从原点到周围延伸的相邻概率。通过对概率分布曲线的拟合,得到了按节点秩升序排列的相邻矩阵中边的概率分布的幂函数。根据相邻概率分布的特点,建立了节点秩递增的逐级删除算法来搜索网络中不重叠的社区结构,并给出了算法流程图。基于该算法编写的计算机程序,在中国航空网络中发现了一个包含10个不同规模社区的非重叠社区结构。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of Traffic Demand at Freeway Work Zones 高速公路作业区交通需求估算
Pub Date : 2021-02-28 DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2021.01.004
E. Kwon, Chongmyung Park
An iterative process, combining a macroscopic simulator and a set of the traffic demand-change estimation models, is developed to estimate the traffic demand at work zones in urban freeway corridors. The process is designed to capture the interaction between work-zone conditions and traffic diversion in determining the traffic demand approaching the entrance and exit ramps at a given work zone. The proposed models and process were calibrated and tested with the field data from the work zones in the Minnesota metro-freeway network. The test results indicate promising possibilities of the proposed process in terms of the estimation accuracy and transferability of the demand-change estimation models developed in this study.
将宏观模拟器和一组交通需求变化估计模型相结合,开发了一个迭代过程来估计城市高速公路走廊工作区的交通需求。该过程旨在捕捉工作区条件和交通分流之间的相互作用,以确定在给定工作区接近入口和出口匝道的交通需求。利用明尼苏达州地铁高速公路网工作区的现场数据对所提出的模型和过程进行了校准和测试。测试结果表明,就本研究中开发的需求变化估计模型的估计精度和可转移性而言,所提出的过程具有很好的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
On Dynamical Situations in Vehicle Routing Problems (DSVRP) 车辆路径问题(DSVRP)中的动态情形
Pub Date : 2021-01-12 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJTTE.20210601.11
F. M. Aderibigbe, K. J. Adebayo
This paper discusses the formulation of a stochastic Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) process, introduced to existing deterministic VRP process, directing all efforts towards the dynamical situations that occur in a typical VRP setting as it applies to everyday real-life situations. It contrasts the dichotomy between static and dynamical situations in VRP, constructs and analyzes the relationship between static and dynamical situations in Vehicle Routing Problems, formulates an expression to describe the dynamical situation in VRP and relates the problem formulation to existing VRP with a view to solving the problem as it applies to real-life situations, a major trend in the business world today. With a view to achieving these, this paper associates the merits of reactivation of route, re-optimization of operation process and projects an anticipatory demand for a dynamical situation in VRP with stochastic requests via three stages: Pre-Decision States, Decisions States and Post-Decision States. First, as a reaction to anticipatory customers’ requests, the current routing plans need to be re-optimized and current customers’ request reactivated. Second, potential future requests need to be anticipated along current decision making since life itself is dynamic. Decisions need to be made in good time. Though, the limited time frame between when a vehicle leaves and returns to the depot often prohibits extensive optimization in both dimensions rather, answer the questions that arise on how to utilize the limited time effectively and judiciously, satisfying both the current and anticipatory customers equally.
本文讨论了一个随机车辆路径问题(VRP)过程的公式,该过程被引入到现有的确定性VRP过程中,将所有的努力都指向典型VRP设置中发生的动态情况,因为它适用于日常生活中的情况。它对比了VRP中静态和动态情况之间的二分法,构建并分析了车辆路径问题中静态和动力学情况之间的关系,建立了描述VRP中动态情况的表达式,并将问题公式与现有VRP联系起来,以期在实际情况下解决问题,当今商业世界的一大趋势。为了实现这些目标,本文通过决策前状态、决策状态和决策后状态三个阶段,将重新激活路线、重新优化操作过程和预测VRP动态情况的预期需求的优点与随机请求联系起来。首先,作为对预期客户请求的反应,需要重新优化当前路由计划,并重新激活当前客户的请求。其次,由于生活本身是动态的,因此需要在当前的决策过程中预测未来的潜在需求。需要及时做出决定。尽管如此,车辆离开和返回停车场之间的有限时间框架通常会阻碍在两个维度上进行广泛的优化,相反,请回答出现的问题,即如何有效、明智地利用有限的时间,平等地满足当前和预期客户。
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引用次数: 1
Road Network Analysis for Ambulance Transportation Service Using Geographical Information System (GIS): A Case of Arada Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 基于地理信息系统(GIS)的救护车运输服务路网分析——以埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴Arada分城为例
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJTTE.20200506.11
Mikir Kassaw, Bedasa Asefa
Optimum utilization of time after an accident which is golden hour serves as a measure of effectiveness of ambulance service management system to reduce the loss of life and property. This paper presents a case study on Arada sub-city which is the oldest of all sub-cities located in the central part of the capital Addis Ababa with 11.56 Km2 area wide. Its population, which is around 212,009, is highly dense and its spread of population density is about 18340 people per Km2. In the study area, the existing road network condition is not developing in line with the population growth. Accordingly, at time of disaster, the responsiveness rate of efficient ambulance transportation services to the right target area is low and unsatisfactory to level of customer’s satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct road network analysis in Geographic Information System (GIS) environment for the betterment of ambulance transportation service in the sub city. A detail GIS database of the road network, ambulance location, accident locations and hospitals was prepared using Arc GIS software with the extension of network analyst. In this study, one ambulance station, three accident locations and six hospitals were used to compute 1, 2 & 4 minutes service area and best route analyses. The impedance value 1, 2 & 4 minute corresponds to very urgent, moderate urgent and low urgent service areas respectively. In very urgent service area domain about 33% of health centres are found whereas in moderate and low urgent service area domains about 65% and 100% of health centers are found respectively. This implies that, the current option increases health center service area domains by 34% from the existing approach. Besides, the selected sample best routes of ambulance transportation service are computed in terms of travelling time in minutes and its fuel consumption in litters. Accordingly, the estimated travelling time of the selected sample best route is about 870/30482.20 and 1138.5/3772.16 minutes/ birrs annually. This implies that, the proposed study decreases a total travelling duration and cost by 268.5/723.96 minutes/ birr from the existing one. As a result, GIS-based ambulance transportation service proto type model was developed.
事故发生后黄金时段的最佳利用率是衡量救护车服务管理系统减少生命和财产损失有效性的一个指标。本文以阿拉达副城市为例进行了研究,该副城市位于首都亚的斯亚贝巴中部,面积11.56平方公里,是所有副城市中最古老的。人口密度高,约212009人,人口密度分布约为每平方公里18340人。在研究区域内,现有的道路网条件没有随着人口增长而发展。因此,在灾难发生时,高效救护车运输服务对正确目标区域的响应率很低,不能满足客户的满意度。因此,本研究的目的是在地理信息系统(GIS)环境下进行路网分析,以改善副城市的救护车运输服务。利用Arc GIS软件,在网络分析员的扩展下,建立了道路网络、救护车位置、事故地点和医院的详细GIS数据库。在这项研究中,一个救护站、三个事故地点和六家医院被用于计算1、2和4分钟的服务区域和最佳路线分析。阻抗值1、2和4分钟分别对应于非常紧急、中等紧急和低紧急服务区域。在非常紧急的服务领域,约有33%的卫生中心,而在中度和低度紧急的服务区域,分别约有65%和100%的卫生中心。这意味着,目前的选择将健康中心服务领域比现有方法增加了34%。此外,选定的救护车运输服务最佳路线样本是根据行驶时间(分钟)和燃料消耗量(垃圾)计算的。因此,所选样本最佳路线的估计旅行时间约为每年870/30482.20和1138.5/3772.16分钟/比尔。这意味着,拟议的研究比现有研究减少了268.5/723.96分钟/比尔的总旅行时间和成本。为此,开发了基于GIS的救护车运输服务原型模型。
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引用次数: 2
Characterization of Borrow Material for Embankment Fill and Capping Layer Based on Their Index and Strength: Case Study on Arbarakate to Gelemso road, W/Harerghe, Ethiopia 基于指标和强度的路堤填筑和封盖层借用材料表征——以埃塞俄比亚W/Harerghe Arbarakate至Gelemso公路为例
Pub Date : 2020-09-15 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJTTE.20200504.11
S. Mahmud, Nade Nuru
The Arba Rekete-Gelemso gravel Road section is affected by the presence of expansive soil, this soil has shrinking and swelling behavior due moisture fluctuation. The main objective of this research work is to investigate the Characterization of Borrow materials for embankment fill and capping layer based on their index and strength properties for Road Construction of the proposed route. In order to achieve the objectives, field investigation and nine (9) samples were also collected from the identified borrow area and laboratory test analysis were performed such as, Atterberg limits, compaction, CBR and percentage of swell tests. ERA‘s and AASHTO’s standard technical specifications have been used to interpret the data by integrating the field with laboratory test results. The subgrade soil of route, having liquid limit value greater than 60% and plastic index value greater than 30% and CBR value less than 5%, at Chainage km 0+000-4+000, 5+900-8+000, 9+400-12+900, 13+500-14+000, 15+000-16+000, 17+100-17+600, 18+500-20+500, 21+500-34+900, and 35+200-47+000 unsuitable. The index and strength properties of the borrow materials fulfill the requirement for embankment fill and subgrade improvements. Finally, all unsuitable subgrade soil along the study route corridor are recommended to remove and replace with suitable and non-expansive subgrade materials, since enormous amount of selected fill materials that fulfill the requirements for subgrade soils improvement are available nearby the study area.
Arba Rekete-Gelemso碎石公路断面受膨胀土的影响,膨胀土因水分波动具有收缩和膨胀的特性。本研究工作的主要目的是根据拟建路线的道路施工指标和强度特性,研究路堤填筑和封盖层所用材料的特性。为了实现这一目标,还从确定的借土区域收集了现场调查和9个样品,并进行了实验室测试分析,如阿特贝格极限、压实、CBR和膨胀百分比测试。ERA和AASHTO的标准技术规范通过将现场测试结果与实验室测试结果相结合来解释数据。不适宜区间为0+000 ~ 4+000、5+900 ~ 8+000、9+400 ~ 12+900、13+500 ~ 14+000、15+000 ~ 16+000、17+100 ~ 17+600、18+500 ~ 20+500、21+500 ~ 34+900、35+200 ~ 47+000的线路路基土液限值大于60%、塑性指标值大于30%、CBR值小于5%。材料的各项指标和强度性能均满足路堤填筑和路基改造的要求。最后,由于研究区附近有大量满足路基土壤改良要求的填筑材料可供选择,因此建议将研究路线廊道沿线所有不适宜的路基土清除并替换为适宜的非膨胀性路基材料。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of Passenger Demand and Transport Work in Croatian Public Road Traffic System 克罗地亚公共道路交通系统中客运需求和运输工作的动态
Pub Date : 2020-08-17 DOI: 10.11648/j.ajtte.20200503.12
T. Bubalo, Marijan Rajsman, Tomislav Kukec
Passenger demand and transport work are the basic quantitative indicators of the effects achieved in public road passenger transport activities. The research is conducted to determine the need for managing the transport system and planning its further development. The aim of this paper was to determine the dynamics of development of these two sizes in the seventeen-year period from 2000 to 2016, and to use them to develop a prognostic trend model for the future period. Furthermore, the correlation analysis determined the relations between traffic and economic quantities, and the road transport system was compared by mathematical and statistical parameters with all other traffic systems of the Republic of Croatia, in order to determine its share and importance in the Croatian public transport system. Based on the analysis conducted for passenger demand, a future downward trend is projected. Future trends will be identified for transport work based on the developed trend model and correlations between transport and economic sizes. Furthermore, the road transport system accounts for the largest share of transport work and passenger demand in the Croatian public transport system.
客运需求和运输工作是公共道路客运活动取得效果的基本定量指标。进行这项研究是为了确定管理运输系统和规划其进一步发展的需要。本文的目的是确定这两个规模在2000年至2016年的十七年期间的发展动态,并利用它们建立未来时期的预测趋势模型。此外,相关性分析确定了交通和经济数量之间的关系,并通过数学和统计参数将公路运输系统与克罗地亚共和国所有其他交通系统进行比较,以确定其在克罗地亚公共交通系统中的份额和重要性。根据对乘客需求的分析,预测未来的下降趋势。将根据已开发的趋势模型和运输与经济规模之间的相互关系,确定运输工作的未来趋势。此外,公路运输系统在克罗地亚公共运输系统中占运输工作和乘客需求的最大份额。
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引用次数: 2
Partial Replacement of Spent Foundry Sand in Bituminous Mix Design 废铸造砂在沥青混合料设计中的部分替代
Pub Date : 2020-08-05 DOI: 10.11648/j.ajtte.20200503.11
Gazi Mohammad Harun-Or-Rashid, A. Al-Mamun, Ishfaq Eashir Epu
Bituminous mixes for flexible pavement construction are most commonly used all over the world. Mainly aggregate, sand, bitumen etc. are used for pavement construction. In this investigation an attempt is made to study the properties of bituminous pavement materials by the partial replacement of spent foundry sand as fine aggregate with an increment of 10%. Foundry sand is a high quality silica sand that is used to form molds for ferrous (iron and steel) and non-ferrous (copper, aluminum, brass etc.) metal castings. Metal casting industries use huge quantity of foundry sand every year and disposed them after being used. This industrial waste occupies large amount of space of the land. If this sand can be utilized in pavement construction, the disposal and pollution problem can be minimized. The main objective of this study is to determine sufficient bitumen content and mix stability to ensure a durable and cost effective pavement after being partial replacement of foundry sand. The proposed mix design will be conducted in accordance with Marshall Mix design. After performing the experimental investigation it is found that for 30% replacement of waste foundry sand provide superior field performance and better stability than the conventional mixes.
用于柔性路面施工的沥青混合料是全世界最常用的。路面施工主要使用骨料、砂、沥青等。在本研究中,试图通过以10%的增量部分替代废铸造砂作为细骨料来研究沥青路面材料的性能。铸造砂是一种高质量的硅砂,用于成型黑色(钢铁)和有色(铜、铝、黄铜等)金属铸件的模具。金属铸造行业每年使用大量的铸造用砂,并在使用后进行处理。这些工业废料占用了大量的土地。如果这种沙子可以用于路面施工,可以最大限度地减少处理和污染问题。本研究的主要目的是确定足够的沥青含量和混合料稳定性,以确保在部分更换铸造砂后,路面耐用且具有成本效益。拟议的配合比设计将根据马歇尔配合比设计进行。在进行实验研究后发现,30%的废铸造砂的替代物比传统的混合物提供了优越的现场性能和更好的稳定性。
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引用次数: 1
An Analysis of Net Berth Productivity in the Handling Operations with Dry Bulk Cargoes in a Seaport 港口干散货装卸作业净泊位生产率分析
Pub Date : 2020-06-28 DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2020.03.004
Deda Đelović
Productivity at the berth is one from the group of port productivity measures which is closely tied to ship turnaround times. Net berth productivity is value of productivity related to the operational time at the berth. Based on the facts identified from available literature about minor share of researches related to the net berth productivity in the handling operations with dry bulk cargoes in a seaport, it was decided to take this port productivity metrics as an object of a research. After a detailed analysis of different categories of the net berth productivity in the handling operations with dry bulks, key groups of influential factors which determine values of the net berth productivity are identified and systematized. Some principal elements related to improving net berth productivity are taken into consideration, too. Concrete results shown in this paper are related to the Dry Bulk Cargo Terminal in the Port of Bar (Montenegro).
泊位生产率是与船舶周转时间密切相关的一组港口生产率指标之一。净泊位生产率是指与泊位作业时间相关的生产率值。基于现有文献中关于海港干散货装卸作业中净泊位生产率的研究份额较小的事实,决定将该港口生产率指标作为研究对象。在详细分析干散货装卸作业中不同类别的网泊位生产率的基础上,对决定网泊位生产率值的关键影响因素进行了识别和系统化。此外,还考虑了与提高网泊位生产率有关的一些主要因素。本文给出的具体结果与巴尔港(黑山)干散货码头有关。
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引用次数: 0
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交通与运输工程:英文版
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