Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2019.03.002
Nang Laik Ma, Kar Way Tan
Human’s impact on earth through global warming is more or less an accepted fact. Ocean freight is estimated to contribute 4-5% of global carbon emissions. Many manufacturing companies that transfer ship goods through full container loads found themselves under-utilizing the containers and resulting in higher carbon footprint per volume shipment. One of the reasons is the choice of non-ideal container sizes for their shipments. In this paper, we first provide an Integer Programming model to minimize the companies’ shipping carbon footprints by selecting the ideal container sizes appropriate for their shipment volumes. Secondly, we proposed a strategy to minimize the carbon footprint by consolidating the shipments in the same country from multiple domestic locations at a port of loading by road freight, before the international sea shipment. A mixed-Integer Programming model has been developed to determine if one should ship each shipment separately or have shipments consolidated first before being shipped. Consolidation fills up the containers more efficiently that reduces the overall carbon footprint. Computational results using real-world data indicates a significant 13.4% reduction carbon emission when selecting the optimal combinations of different sizes of containers and an additional 12.1% reduction in carbon emission when shipment consolidation is applied.
{"title":"Reducing Carbon Emission through Container Shipment Consolidation and Optimization","authors":"Nang Laik Ma, Kar Way Tan","doi":"10.17265/2328-2142/2019.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2142/2019.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"Human’s impact on earth through global warming is more or less an accepted fact. Ocean freight is estimated to contribute 4-5% of global carbon emissions. Many manufacturing companies that transfer ship goods through full container loads found themselves under-utilizing the containers and resulting in higher carbon footprint per volume shipment. One of the reasons is the choice of non-ideal container sizes for their shipments. In this paper, we first provide an Integer Programming model to minimize the companies’ shipping carbon footprints by selecting the ideal container sizes appropriate for their shipment volumes. Secondly, we proposed a strategy to minimize the carbon footprint by consolidating the shipments in the same country from multiple domestic locations at a port of loading by road freight, before the international sea shipment. A mixed-Integer Programming model has been developed to determine if one should ship each shipment separately or have shipments consolidated first before being shipped. Consolidation fills up the containers more efficiently that reduces the overall carbon footprint. Computational results using real-world data indicates a significant 13.4% reduction carbon emission when selecting the optimal combinations of different sizes of containers and an additional 12.1% reduction in carbon emission when shipment consolidation is applied.","PeriodicalId":62390,"journal":{"name":"交通与运输工程:英文版","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48048285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2019.03.004
Antoine Lassagne, A. Kemeny, J. Posselt, F. Mérienne
The contribution of tangible and intangible feedback is compared for virtual tactile car Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) design, to measure their performance both in static conditions and while driving. A subjectively calibrated transparent glass provides tangible passive haptics, and visual cues are used to study sensory substitution-based intangible interactions. The results show that the performance of the subjects was significantly improved in driving conditions as they interacted faster, more accurately and with a higher satisfaction. In addition, our findings highlight that the contribution of tangible systems is significantly lower in driving conditions, raising new questions about the nature of haptic modalities in the function of the context of use. This study provides additional knowledge about the influence of dynamic environments and external tasks on haptic perception.
{"title":"Comparing Tangible and Fully Virtual Haptic Systems for HMI Studies in Simulated Driving Situations","authors":"Antoine Lassagne, A. Kemeny, J. Posselt, F. Mérienne","doi":"10.17265/2328-2142/2019.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2142/2019.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution of tangible and intangible feedback is compared for virtual tactile car Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) design, to measure their performance both in static conditions and while driving. A subjectively calibrated transparent glass provides tangible passive haptics, and visual cues are used to study sensory substitution-based intangible interactions. The results show that the performance of the subjects was significantly improved in driving conditions as they interacted faster, more accurately and with a higher satisfaction. In addition, our findings highlight that the contribution of tangible systems is significantly lower in driving conditions, raising new questions about the nature of haptic modalities in the function of the context of use. This study provides additional knowledge about the influence of dynamic environments and external tasks on haptic perception.","PeriodicalId":62390,"journal":{"name":"交通与运输工程:英文版","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47928586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7359/2019.05.003
A. Garini
In the recent literature concerning the multi-propped bottom-up technique Shanghai Metro Stations Excavations, there is evidence of the importance of the disturbance in terms of greater wall horizontal deflections and consequently vertical settlements in the neighbouring, caused by the late long time of open -cut excavation without propping. Here is proposed, theoretical and pragmatic at the same time, a new approach to face the problem of the wall deflections and the related vertical settlements behind the wall. The solution proposed is indeed to impede any formation of the incipient sliding in the active wedge soil rupture surface, by oblique piling crossing over the rupture surface through a longer pile penetration length in relation to the active wedge before any excavation process starts. This piled-construction will then cut to shape the excavation profiles recurring to loss of piles material. This solution is particularly fit for high seismicity prone areas, because of the minor relative loss of per unit length of pile, caused by the greater depth of the rupture surfaces to get and cross over.
{"title":"No Rupture Surface Sliding Geo-Technique in Deep Excavation for Static and Especially for Seismic Thrust","authors":"A. Garini","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2019.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2019.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent literature concerning the multi-propped bottom-up technique Shanghai Metro Stations Excavations, there is evidence of the importance of the disturbance in terms of greater wall horizontal deflections and consequently vertical settlements in the neighbouring, caused by the late long time of open -cut excavation without propping. Here is proposed, theoretical and pragmatic at the same time, a new approach to face the problem of the wall deflections and the related vertical settlements behind the wall. The solution proposed is indeed to impede any formation of the incipient sliding in the active wedge soil rupture surface, by oblique piling crossing over the rupture surface through a longer pile penetration length in relation to the active wedge before any excavation process starts. This piled-construction will then cut to shape the excavation profiles recurring to loss of piles material. This solution is particularly fit for high seismicity prone areas, because of the minor relative loss of per unit length of pile, caused by the greater depth of the rupture surfaces to get and cross over.","PeriodicalId":62390,"journal":{"name":"交通与运输工程:英文版","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44489523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7359/2019.05.005
P. K. Juhasz, P. Schaul
We are placing more and more emphasis on the design of industrial floors when designing the structure of buildings. Currently there are only a few approved designing guidelines that practicing engineers can use to easily design industrial floors. Rather the best practice is that the manufacturers of certain products (concrete fibre reinforcement, dilatation joints) carry out the more or less professional designing. In addition, there are numerous incurring questions in connection with applying the internationally approved guidelines in terms of applicability and reliability. Our paper is based on years of experience in designing industrial floors. In the first part the main guidelines, their characteristics and opportunities of application are discussed. In the second part we take a closer look at the most common TR34 British guideline, presenting its most significant designing formulas, which support engineering practitioners in carrying out the design of industrial floors on their own. In the third part we demonstrate advanced finite element analyses, comparing results with real sized experiments and with results of the guidelines.
{"title":"Design of Industrial Floors—Review of Guidelines, Special Designing Issues (Part 1)","authors":"P. K. Juhasz, P. Schaul","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2019.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2019.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"We are placing more and more emphasis on the design of industrial floors when designing the structure of buildings. Currently there are only a few approved designing guidelines that practicing engineers can use to easily design industrial floors. Rather the best practice is that the manufacturers of certain products (concrete fibre reinforcement, dilatation joints) carry out the more or less professional designing. In addition, there are numerous incurring questions in connection with applying the internationally approved guidelines in terms of applicability and reliability. Our paper is based on years of experience in designing industrial floors. In the first part the main guidelines, their characteristics and opportunities of application are discussed. In the second part we take a closer look at the most common TR34 British guideline, presenting its most significant designing formulas, which support engineering practitioners in carrying out the design of industrial floors on their own. In the third part we demonstrate advanced finite element analyses, comparing results with real sized experiments and with results of the guidelines.","PeriodicalId":62390,"journal":{"name":"交通与运输工程:英文版","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43927011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7359/2019.05.001
GenaroBugarin, Laurel Rothschild, Rupal Bain, Alex Ricklefs
Many states have implemented an Energy Efficiency Resource Standard (EERS) or target to curtail greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. California alone has set a target of doubling energy efficiency savings in existing buildings by 2030. As more states rely on energy efficiency to reduce GHG emissions, programs designed to support the planning and implementation of energy efficiency projects will become more important. Identifying energy efficiency projects has traditionally been the focus of these programs, however delivering savings remains a key challenge. Strategies to address procurement are often overlooked as program resources focus more on technical resources, such as audits and monetary incentives. Then once identified, specialized energy efficiency projects are often folded in with standard maintenance or capital improvement projects, putting them at risk of compromising the expected performance. This paper focuses on procurement as a key component of program implementation and success and outlines key issues and challenges specifically faced by the public sector. Furthermore, the paper shares a procurement strategy implemented through the Southern California Regional Energy Network (SoCalREN) Public Agency Program that addresses these problems in order to assure intended project performance. The strategy includes engaging procurement stakeholders early in the project process, exploring the different types of procurement pathways and following an implementation checklist to enhance project success. With this systematic approach to procurement, there will be fewer barriers and energy efficiency will be easy and enticing, which will further enable states to achieve their GHG emission reduction targets.
{"title":"Beyond the Audit: Making Efficiency Easy and Enticing by Addressing Project Procurement","authors":"GenaroBugarin, Laurel Rothschild, Rupal Bain, Alex Ricklefs","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2019.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2019.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"Many states have implemented an Energy Efficiency Resource Standard (EERS) or target to curtail greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. California alone has set a target of doubling energy efficiency savings in existing buildings by 2030. As more states rely on energy efficiency to reduce GHG emissions, programs designed to support the planning and implementation of energy efficiency projects will become more important. Identifying energy efficiency projects has traditionally been the focus of these programs, however delivering savings remains a key challenge. Strategies to address procurement are often overlooked as program resources focus more on technical resources, such as audits and monetary incentives. Then once identified, specialized energy efficiency projects are often folded in with standard maintenance or capital improvement projects, putting them at risk of compromising the expected performance. This paper focuses on procurement as a key component of program implementation and success and outlines key issues and challenges specifically faced by the public sector. Furthermore, the paper shares a procurement strategy implemented through the Southern California Regional Energy Network (SoCalREN) Public Agency Program that addresses these problems in order to assure intended project performance. The strategy includes engaging procurement stakeholders early in the project process, exploring the different types of procurement pathways and following an implementation checklist to enhance project success. With this systematic approach to procurement, there will be fewer barriers and energy efficiency will be easy and enticing, which will further enable states to achieve their GHG emission reduction targets.","PeriodicalId":62390,"journal":{"name":"交通与运输工程:英文版","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42790010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2019.03.003
J. Karpinski
A methodology has been previously developed to provide the required data for the iRAP Star Rating 7 model using data sourced from MRWA database information (corporate inventory) and road 8 condition information supplemented by other data sources. This is referred to as MRWA RAP to 9 distinguish from data collected in accordance with iRAP protocols which provides data for AusRAP. 10 The iRAP data is used by the Australian National Risk Assessment Model (ANRAM). This paper 11 describes the work done on updating MRWA RAP as well as the application of the ANRAM model 12 to assess proposed treatments on the Great Eastern Highway to improve road safety.
之前已经开发了一种方法，使用来自MRWA数据库信息(公司库存)和道路8号状况信息的数据，并辅以其他数据源，为iRAP Star Rating 7模型提供所需数据。这被称为MRWA RAP，以区别于根据iRAP协议收集的数据，iRAP协议为AusRAP提供数据。10澳大利亚国家风险评估模型(ANRAM)使用了iRAP数据。本文11描述了在更新MRWA RAP以及应用ANRAM模型12方面所做的工作，以评估大东部高速公路的拟议处理措施，以改善道路安全。
{"title":"Application of MRWA RAP and ANRAM for Assessing Upgrades on the Great Eastern Highway","authors":"J. Karpinski","doi":"10.17265/2328-2142/2019.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2142/2019.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"A methodology has been previously developed to provide the required data for the iRAP Star Rating 7 model using data sourced from MRWA database information (corporate inventory) and road 8 condition information supplemented by other data sources. This is referred to as MRWA RAP to 9 distinguish from data collected in accordance with iRAP protocols which provides data for AusRAP. 10 The iRAP data is used by the Australian National Risk Assessment Model (ANRAM). This paper 11 describes the work done on updating MRWA RAP as well as the application of the ANRAM model 12 to assess proposed treatments on the Great Eastern Highway to improve road safety.","PeriodicalId":62390,"journal":{"name":"交通与运输工程:英文版","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48923279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7359/2019.05.006
Frederico Braida
This paper correlates the use of building blocks with the shape grammar theory in the design process. The main goal is to present the potentialities of the various building blocks, which combined with Shape grammar can contribute to the creative process, particularly for the formal composition in the field of Architecture, Urbanism and Design. The methodology is based on a literature review and reflections derived from the observations of the use of the building blocks during experiments carried out in the scope of research with students of the undergraduate course in Architecture and Urbanism. Starting from the discussions proposed by George Stiny on design with Froebel’s buildings gifts and from experiments with other building blocks, such as Archbricks, it is found that building blocks have their own vocabulary and rules, which can be appropriated and exploited by designers in the construction of new shape grammars.
{"title":"Designing with Building Bricks and Shape Grammar","authors":"Frederico Braida","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2019.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2019.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper correlates the use of building blocks with the shape grammar theory in the design process. The main goal is to present the potentialities of the various building blocks, which combined with Shape grammar can contribute to the creative process, particularly for the formal composition in the field of Architecture, Urbanism and Design. The methodology is based on a literature review and reflections derived from the observations of the use of the building blocks during experiments carried out in the scope of research with students of the undergraduate course in Architecture and Urbanism. Starting from the discussions proposed by George Stiny on design with Froebel’s buildings gifts and from experiments with other building blocks, such as Archbricks, it is found that building blocks have their own vocabulary and rules, which can be appropriated and exploited by designers in the construction of new shape grammars.","PeriodicalId":62390,"journal":{"name":"交通与运输工程:英文版","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42517974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2019.02.002
Wenwen Guo, Mingjun Ji, Huiling Zhu
{"title":"Collaborative Optimization of Berth Allocation and Yard Storage in Container Terminals","authors":"Wenwen Guo, Mingjun Ji, Huiling Zhu","doi":"10.17265/2328-2142/2019.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2142/2019.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62390,"journal":{"name":"交通与运输工程:英文版","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48321026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2019.02.003
S. M. Tabuñar
: The Philippines is expecting a rise in the number of drivers that use mobile phones while driving. It is known as the “texting capital of the world”. The objectives of this study were to determine the predictors, risk perceptions and the prevalence of cell phone use while driving among trainee residents of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital. This cross-sectional study employed total enumeration. A survey was first distributed to the target population, followed by a focus group discussion. Chi-square and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze data. Included in the final analysis were 175 drivers aged 25-30 years (mean = 27.90 + 1.34). There was no significant difference in the risk perceptions of cell phone users vs. non-users, and most perceived hands-free devices safer to use ( p = 0.030). The reported prevalence is 90.68%; drivers have a significant overall unsafe attitude ( p = 0.007), and an unsafe attitude when using handsets when driving, even when this is known to be dangerous ( p = 0.003). In conclusion, driving with hands-free devices was perceived to be safer, although drivers have a high overall unsafe attitude. Driving for more than two years and having an unsafe attitude were found to be significant predictors of cell phone use while driving. Countermeasures must take into account these factors when instituting behavioral modification strategies and road safety policies concerning unsafe and distracted driving.
{"title":"Predictors and Risk Perceptions of Using Cell Phones while Driving among Young Adult Drivers","authors":"S. M. Tabuñar","doi":"10.17265/2328-2142/2019.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2142/2019.02.003","url":null,"abstract":": The Philippines is expecting a rise in the number of drivers that use mobile phones while driving. It is known as the “texting capital of the world”. The objectives of this study were to determine the predictors, risk perceptions and the prevalence of cell phone use while driving among trainee residents of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital. This cross-sectional study employed total enumeration. A survey was first distributed to the target population, followed by a focus group discussion. Chi-square and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze data. Included in the final analysis were 175 drivers aged 25-30 years (mean = 27.90 + 1.34). There was no significant difference in the risk perceptions of cell phone users vs. non-users, and most perceived hands-free devices safer to use ( p = 0.030). The reported prevalence is 90.68%; drivers have a significant overall unsafe attitude ( p = 0.007), and an unsafe attitude when using handsets when driving, even when this is known to be dangerous ( p = 0.003). In conclusion, driving with hands-free devices was perceived to be safer, although drivers have a high overall unsafe attitude. Driving for more than two years and having an unsafe attitude were found to be significant predictors of cell phone use while driving. Countermeasures must take into account these factors when instituting behavioral modification strategies and road safety policies concerning unsafe and distracted driving.","PeriodicalId":62390,"journal":{"name":"交通与运输工程:英文版","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48257996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2019.02.001
Sarah Moraillon
The Transport Authority of Clermont-Ferrand (France) has been facing the challenge of overcrowding on its tramway line for many years. It therefore considered an innovative approach to tackle the issue, by focusing on demand management. The objective is to convince some organizations located along the line to change their working arrangements, so that their employees would avoid travelling during peak hours on the line. TTK, a German-French mobility planning and consulting company, was in charge of studying the opportunity and feasibility of this approach. For that purpose, a model was developed to assess how changes could improve the line overcrowding (or, how they could worsen the situation if not coordinated). This model was developed in-house, as traditional macro-simulation tools cannot be precise enough to understand the impact of 5 or 10 min changes on the line saturation. Model results identified several opportunities, and two organizations took first steps to implement change. Even with the sole participation of those two organizations, the SMTC saw a decrease of 5% demand at the peak times over a one-year period, a demand spread to off-peak times. This encouraging result led the SMTC to keep working with the organizations to develop this dynamic to other sites.
{"title":"Spreading Peak Demand through Changes in Working and School Hours: The Experience of Clermont-Ferrand","authors":"Sarah Moraillon","doi":"10.17265/2328-2142/2019.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2142/2019.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"The Transport Authority of Clermont-Ferrand (France) has been facing the challenge of overcrowding on its tramway line for many years. It therefore considered an innovative approach to tackle the issue, by focusing on demand management. The objective is to convince some organizations located along the line to change their working arrangements, so that their employees would avoid travelling during peak hours on the line. TTK, a German-French mobility planning and consulting company, was in charge of studying the opportunity and feasibility of this approach. For that purpose, a model was developed to assess how changes could improve the line overcrowding (or, how they could worsen the situation if not coordinated). This model was developed in-house, as traditional macro-simulation tools cannot be precise enough to understand the impact of 5 or 10 min changes on the line saturation. Model results identified several opportunities, and two organizations took first steps to implement change. Even with the sole participation of those two organizations, the SMTC saw a decrease of 5% demand at the peak times over a one-year period, a demand spread to off-peak times. This encouraging result led the SMTC to keep working with the organizations to develop this dynamic to other sites.","PeriodicalId":62390,"journal":{"name":"交通与运输工程:英文版","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41964567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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