Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350173
N. Batt, C. Coates
The self-excited induction generator is modelled in steady state and verified against measured results. The model is used to find the efficient operating region of the generator for a range of shaft speeds. This region can be modified by changing excitation capacitance in order to maximise electrical output power from variable speed wind turbines.
{"title":"Maximising output power of self-excited induction generators for small wind turbines","authors":"N. Batt, C. Coates","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350173","url":null,"abstract":"The self-excited induction generator is modelled in steady state and verified against measured results. The model is used to find the efficient operating region of the generator for a range of shaft speeds. This region can be modified by changing excitation capacitance in order to maximise electrical output power from variable speed wind turbines.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"17 1","pages":"2105-2111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86527782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350096
M. Bui, U. Schaefer
The accurate prediction of core loss play an important role in improving switched reluctance motor (SRM) performance. However, the calculation of iron losses in SRM is especially complex because the flux waveforms are non-sinusoidal. This paper describes a core loss measurement method which comprises core loss model based on finite-element analysis to determine flux waveforms and measurement technique to calculate core loss rates in high-speed switched-reluctance machines. The core loss density of different parts was compared with the loss data supplied by lamination steel manufacturers and evaluated in dynamic experiment. The method was applied to a 30 kW, three-phase 6/4 SRM, and the calculated results were compared with experimentally obtained measurements.
{"title":"Core losses measurement technique for high frequency and flux density of switched reluctance machines","authors":"M. Bui, U. Schaefer","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350096","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate prediction of core loss play an important role in improving switched reluctance motor (SRM) performance. However, the calculation of iron losses in SRM is especially complex because the flux waveforms are non-sinusoidal. This paper describes a core loss measurement method which comprises core loss model based on finite-element analysis to determine flux waveforms and measurement technique to calculate core loss rates in high-speed switched-reluctance machines. The core loss density of different parts was compared with the loss data supplied by lamination steel manufacturers and evaluated in dynamic experiment. The method was applied to a 30 kW, three-phase 6/4 SRM, and the calculated results were compared with experimentally obtained measurements.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"82 1","pages":"1619-1624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82702838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350137
Mircea Popescu, D. Dorrell, L. Alberti, N. Bianchi, D. Staton, D. Hawkins
The paper describes a thermal model for a duplex three-phase induction machine for fault tolerant applications. Three-phase and six-phase variations of duplex three-phase machine operation under fault conditions are considered. Different winding configurations are investigated. Thermal analysis is performed using analytical and finite-element models. Experimental validation is presented for load operating conditions.
{"title":"Thermal analysis of duplex 3-phase induction motor under fault operating conditions","authors":"Mircea Popescu, D. Dorrell, L. Alberti, N. Bianchi, D. Staton, D. Hawkins","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350137","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a thermal model for a duplex three-phase induction machine for fault tolerant applications. Three-phase and six-phase variations of duplex three-phase machine operation under fault conditions are considered. Different winding configurations are investigated. Thermal analysis is performed using analytical and finite-element models. Experimental validation is presented for load operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"5 1","pages":"1875-1881"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82944615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350128
S. Hamdani, H. Mezerreg, B. Boutikar, N. Lahcene, O. Touhami, R. Ibtiouen
This paper deals with the diagnosis of electrical defects of Squirrel-Cage Rotor Induction Machines (IMs). The failures of induction machine and the diagnosis methods are presented. Among the methods, Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) is used in the experimental study to detect broken rotor bars and end-ring segment. The load level and the load effects on the diagnosis are also studied. Support vector machines (SVM) is applied to classify faults.
本文研究了鼠笼式转子感应电机电气缺陷的诊断方法。介绍了感应电机的故障及其诊断方法。其中，电机电流特征分析(Motor Current Signature Analysis, MCSA)用于检测转子断条和端环段的断裂。研究了负荷水平和负荷对故障诊断的影响。采用支持向量机(SVM)对故障进行分类。
{"title":"Rotor fault diagnosis in a Squirrel-Cage Induction Machine using support vector","authors":"S. Hamdani, H. Mezerreg, B. Boutikar, N. Lahcene, O. Touhami, R. Ibtiouen","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350128","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the diagnosis of electrical defects of Squirrel-Cage Rotor Induction Machines (IMs). The failures of induction machine and the diagnosis methods are presented. Among the methods, Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) is used in the experimental study to detect broken rotor bars and end-ring segment. The load level and the load effects on the diagnosis are also studied. Support vector machines (SVM) is applied to classify faults.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"42 1","pages":"1817-1822"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86734769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350293
J. Mayer, D. Gerling
Nowadays, fault tolerance and reliability in electrical machines have become additional important design features besides functionality and efficiency. However, fault tolerant design often comes along with more space requirement and cost, which is not acceptable in many industrial applications. It is rather desirable to have standard machines working also in safety relevant applications and providing fault tolerance by sophisticated control methods. However, these require a detailed knowledge of the dynamic machine behavior in case a failure occurs and the electric and magnetic conditions are no longer symmetrical. Moreover, restoring of feasible operation conditions can also necessitate unsymmetrical voltage supply of the machine. In this paper, the commonly known modeling approaches of symmetrical machines during healthy operation and symmetrical voltage supply are extensively generalized. A general model for PM-machines with arbitrary fault injection capability and unsymmetrical voltage supply and machine operation conditions is set up and evaluated for different important machine faults.
{"title":"Simulation of arbitrary fault-conditions in PM-machines by generalized unsymmetrical modeling","authors":"J. Mayer, D. Gerling","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350293","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, fault tolerance and reliability in electrical machines have become additional important design features besides functionality and efficiency. However, fault tolerant design often comes along with more space requirement and cost, which is not acceptable in many industrial applications. It is rather desirable to have standard machines working also in safety relevant applications and providing fault tolerance by sophisticated control methods. However, these require a detailed knowledge of the dynamic machine behavior in case a failure occurs and the electric and magnetic conditions are no longer symmetrical. Moreover, restoring of feasible operation conditions can also necessitate unsymmetrical voltage supply of the machine. In this paper, the commonly known modeling approaches of symmetrical machines during healthy operation and symmetrical voltage supply are extensively generalized. A general model for PM-machines with arbitrary fault injection capability and unsymmetrical voltage supply and machine operation conditions is set up and evaluated for different important machine faults.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"104 1","pages":"2866-2872"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89038739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349894
Nicola Bianchi, Dario Durello, E. Fornasiero
This paper shows the results of the optimization of an Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motor for a high performance drive. A multi-objective is considered in the optimization process, mainly considering two motor capabilities. The first objective is the maximization of the torque density of the motor. This means that the torque is maximized for given external dimension and for given current density (i.e., given electric loading). The second objective deals with the sensorless detection of the rotor position. A technique based on the high-frequency signal injection is considered. The IPM motor has to keep the capability to be sensorless detected when it works at any load. In particular, such a capability has to be verified along the trajectory of the Maximum Torque per Ampere (MTPA), that is, the rotor has to exhibit a proper differential saliency (typically not lower than two) along all the MTPA trajectory, including overload operating conditions.
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of an Interior PM motor for a high-performance drive","authors":"Nicola Bianchi, Dario Durello, E. Fornasiero","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349894","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the results of the optimization of an Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motor for a high performance drive. A multi-objective is considered in the optimization process, mainly considering two motor capabilities. The first objective is the maximization of the torque density of the motor. This means that the torque is maximized for given external dimension and for given current density (i.e., given electric loading). The second objective deals with the sensorless detection of the rotor position. A technique based on the high-frequency signal injection is considered. The IPM motor has to keep the capability to be sensorless detected when it works at any load. In particular, such a capability has to be verified along the trajectory of the Maximum Torque per Ampere (MTPA), that is, the rotor has to exhibit a proper differential saliency (typically not lower than two) along all the MTPA trajectory, including overload operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"44 1","pages":"378-384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90500259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349890
Y. Kawase, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Ono, W. Koyanagi, M. Nakamura
We analyzed the magnetic field and stress of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor with the off-centered rotor using the three-dimensional finite element method (3-D FEM), and clarified the effects of the off-center of rotor on the stress.
{"title":"Magnetic field and stress analysis of interior permanent magnet motor with off-centered rotor using 3-D finite element method","authors":"Y. Kawase, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Ono, W. Koyanagi, M. Nakamura","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349890","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed the magnetic field and stress of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor with the off-centered rotor using the three-dimensional finite element method (3-D FEM), and clarified the effects of the off-center of rotor on the stress.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"21 1","pages":"352-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83198792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350182
M. H. Shawon, Ahmed Al Durra, S. Muyeen
This paper discusses small signal stability analysis of a grid connected fixed speed wind turbine driven induction generator (IG) including series dynamic braking resistor (SDBR). The stator windings of IG are directly connected to a power grid thorough a step-up transformer and transmission line, where SDBR is dynamically inserted in the generation circuit for short time during network disturbance. A detailed mathematical model of IG, transmission line, SDBR and grid is employed to derive the complete dynamic equation of the studied system. The purpose of SDBR is to mitigate the destabilizing depression of electrical torque and power during disturbance period. The power system small signal stability analysis is carried out by eigen value analysis. Modal and sensitivity analyses, participation factors are carried out to discover the relations between the modes and state variables. Finally, this paper presents an analysis of the dynamic behavior of fixed speed wind generator under voltage dip conditions with and without considering SDBR. The results of these studies are verified by a time domain simulation model developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
{"title":"Small signal stability analysis of fixed speed wind generator including SDBR","authors":"M. H. Shawon, Ahmed Al Durra, S. Muyeen","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350182","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses small signal stability analysis of a grid connected fixed speed wind turbine driven induction generator (IG) including series dynamic braking resistor (SDBR). The stator windings of IG are directly connected to a power grid thorough a step-up transformer and transmission line, where SDBR is dynamically inserted in the generation circuit for short time during network disturbance. A detailed mathematical model of IG, transmission line, SDBR and grid is employed to derive the complete dynamic equation of the studied system. The purpose of SDBR is to mitigate the destabilizing depression of electrical torque and power during disturbance period. The power system small signal stability analysis is carried out by eigen value analysis. Modal and sensitivity analyses, participation factors are carried out to discover the relations between the modes and state variables. Finally, this paper presents an analysis of the dynamic behavior of fixed speed wind generator under voltage dip conditions with and without considering SDBR. The results of these studies are verified by a time domain simulation model developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"22 1","pages":"2165-2171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83373729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350025
P. Randewijk, M. Kamper
The radial flux density in the stator region of the Radial Flux Air-cored Permanent Magnet (RFAPM) machine can be calculated analytically using the subdomain analysis method. From the analytical solution the optimum pole width of the permanent magnets, that would produce a quasi sinusoidal radial flux density distribution in the stator region, can easily be calculated. The requirement for a sinusoidal radial flux density distribution in the stator region, is that it allows for a voltage - and torque constant to be defined for the RFAPM machine. This not only simplifies the design procedure in terms of sizing the RFAPM machine, but also simplifies the control aspects of the RFAPM machine. Furthermore, the torque developed by a RFAPM machine, specifically with regard to the size and shape of the ripple torque is also calculated analytically using the Lorentz method. All the analytical results are benchmarked against Finite Element Modelling (FEM).
{"title":"Analytical analysis of a Radial Flux Air-cored Permanent Magnet machine with a double-sided rotor and non-overlapping double-layer windings","authors":"P. Randewijk, M. Kamper","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350025","url":null,"abstract":"The radial flux density in the stator region of the Radial Flux Air-cored Permanent Magnet (RFAPM) machine can be calculated analytically using the subdomain analysis method. From the analytical solution the optimum pole width of the permanent magnets, that would produce a quasi sinusoidal radial flux density distribution in the stator region, can easily be calculated. The requirement for a sinusoidal radial flux density distribution in the stator region, is that it allows for a voltage - and torque constant to be defined for the RFAPM machine. This not only simplifies the design procedure in terms of sizing the RFAPM machine, but also simplifies the control aspects of the RFAPM machine. Furthermore, the torque developed by a RFAPM machine, specifically with regard to the size and shape of the ripple torque is also calculated analytically using the Lorentz method. All the analytical results are benchmarked against Finite Element Modelling (FEM).","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"1 1","pages":"1178-1184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83476547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350139
O. Maloberti, A. Ospina, G. Friedrich, K. El Kadri Benkara, L. Charbonnier, A. Gimeno
Heating of machines is a key characteristic of their behaviour. Heat sources come mainly from energy losses during electromechanical conversions (electrical in copper, magnetic in iron, aerolic and mechanical in bearings). Temperatures changes can be described thanks to thermal conduction, convection and radiation equations. Thus it is necessary to build a thermal model adapted to the simulation and sizing of electrical generators. This paper proposes and describes a 3D nodal model with sixteen nodes, adapted to a claw pole, wire-wound and self air-cooled alternator. It permits the thermal characterization of the machine thanks to only four physical parameters, shown to be sufficient to deduce the model conductances. These properties are: the thermal exchange coefficient due to free convection at the external surface, free convection coefficients into the airgap and the cavity, the thermal equivalent conductivity within the bearings. They are shown to be non-linear and identified for steady-state working conditions and a non-rotating machine. The consistency and usefulness of both the model and identifications are checked thanks to numerical studies and measurements.
{"title":"Thermal modelling of a claw-pole car alternator: Steady-state computation and identification of free convection coefficients","authors":"O. Maloberti, A. Ospina, G. Friedrich, K. El Kadri Benkara, L. Charbonnier, A. Gimeno","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350139","url":null,"abstract":"Heating of machines is a key characteristic of their behaviour. Heat sources come mainly from energy losses during electromechanical conversions (electrical in copper, magnetic in iron, aerolic and mechanical in bearings). Temperatures changes can be described thanks to thermal conduction, convection and radiation equations. Thus it is necessary to build a thermal model adapted to the simulation and sizing of electrical generators. This paper proposes and describes a 3D nodal model with sixteen nodes, adapted to a claw pole, wire-wound and self air-cooled alternator. It permits the thermal characterization of the machine thanks to only four physical parameters, shown to be sufficient to deduce the model conductances. These properties are: the thermal exchange coefficient due to free convection at the external surface, free convection coefficients into the airgap and the cavity, the thermal equivalent conductivity within the bearings. They are shown to be non-linear and identified for steady-state working conditions and a non-rotating machine. The consistency and usefulness of both the model and identifications are checked thanks to numerical studies and measurements.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"20 1","pages":"1888-1892"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83525043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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