Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350321
M. Cisneros-Gonzalez, M. Arjona
This paper presents an educational tool for illustrating the measured power in induction motors. This tool is integrated by hardware and software elements. The software uses a virtual instrument which is developed on the LabVIEW programming language. This instrument helps to perform online measurements of the quantities: power, apparent power, reactive power and power factor, as well the energy usage. A phasor diagram shows the three-phase current and voltage quantities; at the same time, a spectral analysis is also computed. The hardware uses a three-phase power amplifier and a set of Hall-effect sensors which are easily found on the market. Measurements are taken when the induction motor is in at standstill and under loaded conditions. The tool was tested in a 0.5 HP, 220V and 60 Hz induction motor.
{"title":"An educational tool for monitoring electrical power components in induction machines","authors":"M. Cisneros-Gonzalez, M. Arjona","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350321","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an educational tool for illustrating the measured power in induction motors. This tool is integrated by hardware and software elements. The software uses a virtual instrument which is developed on the LabVIEW programming language. This instrument helps to perform online measurements of the quantities: power, apparent power, reactive power and power factor, as well the energy usage. A phasor diagram shows the three-phase current and voltage quantities; at the same time, a spectral analysis is also computed. The hardware uses a three-phase power amplifier and a set of Hall-effect sensors which are easily found on the market. Measurements are taken when the induction motor is in at standstill and under loaded conditions. The tool was tested in a 0.5 HP, 220V and 60 Hz induction motor.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88603271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350323
S. Lundmark, A. Rabiei, T. Abdulahovic, S. Lundberg, T. Thiringer, M. Alatalo, E. Grunditz, C. Du-Bar
This paper explains the steps taken to convert the electric drives course activities at Chalmers University of Technology to a distance course directed towards the automotive industry, including interactive remote web-labs, and on-line tutorials and computer lab sessions. A first pilot course is conducted during autumn 2011. From the course evaluation, from student results and from experience of the involved teachers during the work, it could be concluded that the first pilot course worked as planned, yielding good results in students' performance compared to the on-campus course, except for the practical lab part where students from both courses performed equally well. The web course got an average of 4.2 (out of 5.0) from the course evaluations. In order to improve the web-course, the interactivity during the practical labs should be improved.
{"title":"Experiences from a distance course in electric drives including on-line labs and tutorials","authors":"S. Lundmark, A. Rabiei, T. Abdulahovic, S. Lundberg, T. Thiringer, M. Alatalo, E. Grunditz, C. Du-Bar","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350323","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explains the steps taken to convert the electric drives course activities at Chalmers University of Technology to a distance course directed towards the automotive industry, including interactive remote web-labs, and on-line tutorials and computer lab sessions. A first pilot course is conducted during autumn 2011. From the course evaluation, from student results and from experience of the involved teachers during the work, it could be concluded that the first pilot course worked as planned, yielding good results in students' performance compared to the on-campus course, except for the practical lab part where students from both courses performed equally well. The web course got an average of 4.2 (out of 5.0) from the course evaluations. In order to improve the web-course, the interactivity during the practical labs should be improved.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89350312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349872
J. Potgieter, M. Kamper
A common practice in the design and evaluation of non overlap winding PM machines is to ignore the end-winding inductance. In this paper it is shown that the end-winding inductance has a significant effect on the short-circuit performance of the non overlap winding PM machine, which is important for amongst others, wind generator applications. A number of proposed calculation methods for the per phase end-winding inductance of the machine are evaluated and compared. Also a new simple analytical calculation method that takes the effect of the iron core into account by means of mirror-images, is proposed. This method is shown to give a relatively good prediction of the end-winding inductance compared to 3D finite element results. The study is conducted on a number of different direct drive non overlap winding PM wind generators.
{"title":"Evaluation of calculation methods and the effect of end-winding inductance on the performance of non overlap winding PM machines","authors":"J. Potgieter, M. Kamper","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349872","url":null,"abstract":"A common practice in the design and evaluation of non overlap winding PM machines is to ignore the end-winding inductance. In this paper it is shown that the end-winding inductance has a significant effect on the short-circuit performance of the non overlap winding PM machine, which is important for amongst others, wind generator applications. A number of proposed calculation methods for the per phase end-winding inductance of the machine are evaluated and compared. Also a new simple analytical calculation method that takes the effect of the iron core into account by means of mirror-images, is proposed. This method is shown to give a relatively good prediction of the end-winding inductance compared to 3D finite element results. The study is conducted on a number of different direct drive non overlap winding PM wind generators.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80616619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349844
X. Cui, J. Haldemann
This paper describes an analytical approach to determine the losses in the rotors of synchronous machines due to stator space and time harmonics. Based on the formulation of electro-magnetic waves in the cylindrical coordinate system, different geometrical layouts and winding arrangements have been investigated. The analytically calculated results of eddy-current losses in different parts of the rotor, such as damper wedges, massive iron parts, screens and permanent magnets, are compared with numerical calculations, showing good coincidence. Analytical approaches help to understand the physics and allow optimal solutions to be found in a fast but still accurate way.
{"title":"Analytical time-harmonic approach to calculate rotor eddy-current losses due to stator harmonics","authors":"X. Cui, J. Haldemann","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349844","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an analytical approach to determine the losses in the rotors of synchronous machines due to stator space and time harmonics. Based on the formulation of electro-magnetic waves in the cylindrical coordinate system, different geometrical layouts and winding arrangements have been investigated. The analytically calculated results of eddy-current losses in different parts of the rotor, such as damper wedges, massive iron parts, screens and permanent magnets, are compared with numerical calculations, showing good coincidence. Analytical approaches help to understand the physics and allow optimal solutions to be found in a fast but still accurate way.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79571018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349865
G. Joksimović, J. Riger, T. Wolbank, N. Peric, M. Vašak, G. Stojvic, V. Lešić
A method for dynamic modelling of induction machine with a doubly slotted air gap is proposed and implemented for the case of a cage induction motor. The described method is easily extensible to wound rotor machines. A numerical description of the air gap permeance is provided that takes into account a slotted stator and rotor structure as well as their mutual, time and space dependant positions as a function of rotor rotation. The multiple coupled circuit model approach is used with the modified winding function in order to calculate the inductance of all motor windings. The developed model is general in nature and could be used for the analysis of different dynamic regimes of induction machine, particularly different combinations of stator and rotor slot numbers. Model validation is provided by stator current spectrum analysis of a standard four pole induction motor with S=36 and R=32 slots. The experimental results presented clearly support these findings.
{"title":"Dynamic induction machine model accounting for stator and rotor slotting","authors":"G. Joksimović, J. Riger, T. Wolbank, N. Peric, M. Vašak, G. Stojvic, V. Lešić","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349865","url":null,"abstract":"A method for dynamic modelling of induction machine with a doubly slotted air gap is proposed and implemented for the case of a cage induction motor. The described method is easily extensible to wound rotor machines. A numerical description of the air gap permeance is provided that takes into account a slotted stator and rotor structure as well as their mutual, time and space dependant positions as a function of rotor rotation. The multiple coupled circuit model approach is used with the modified winding function in order to calculate the inductance of all motor windings. The developed model is general in nature and could be used for the analysis of different dynamic regimes of induction machine, particularly different combinations of stator and rotor slot numbers. Model validation is provided by stator current spectrum analysis of a standard four pole induction motor with S=36 and R=32 slots. The experimental results presented clearly support these findings.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90369435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350000
Wei Wang, B. Fahimi, M. Kiani
Optimal waveforms for maximum torque per ampere control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines were explored via numerical techniques in the past. This paper introduces an analytical approach for computation of the optimal stator excitation in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines including surface mount and interior permanent magnet configurations. Furthermore, a unified solution for optimal current excitation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines and Synchronous Reluctance machines are presented. The developed analytical solutions enable the online calculation of optimal excitation for minimum copper loss. It also provides guideline for multi-objective optimization when efficiency is of interest. Simulation results are provided for validation.
{"title":"Maximum torque per ampere control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines","authors":"Wei Wang, B. Fahimi, M. Kiani","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350000","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal waveforms for maximum torque per ampere control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines were explored via numerical techniques in the past. This paper introduces an analytical approach for computation of the optimal stator excitation in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines including surface mount and interior permanent magnet configurations. Furthermore, a unified solution for optimal current excitation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines and Synchronous Reluctance machines are presented. The developed analytical solutions enable the online calculation of optimal excitation for minimum copper loss. It also provides guideline for multi-objective optimization when efficiency is of interest. Simulation results are provided for validation.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89415148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350020
M. Willig, T. Miller, I. Corral
A brush model for commutation analysis of small commutator motors is presented. Equivalent circuits of the brush are established for the cases of one coil shorted and two coils shorted by one brush, and a strategy to obtain their elements is proposed. This uses a fast and dedicated finite-difference program to calculate the effective brush resistance between all pairs of terminals. The treatment of the boundary conditions is critical in this process. The resulting terminal resistances are regarded as combinations of a set of internal resistances and this nonlinear relationship is inverted to obtain the internal resistors using a modified Newton-Raphson's method. Results are presented showing the influence of anisotropy and geometry, and a simplified example of commutation analysis using the model established is given.
{"title":"A brush model for detailed commutation analysis of universal motors","authors":"M. Willig, T. Miller, I. Corral","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350020","url":null,"abstract":"A brush model for commutation analysis of small commutator motors is presented. Equivalent circuits of the brush are established for the cases of one coil shorted and two coils shorted by one brush, and a strategy to obtain their elements is proposed. This uses a fast and dedicated finite-difference program to calculate the effective brush resistance between all pairs of terminals. The treatment of the boundary conditions is critical in this process. The resulting terminal resistances are regarded as combinations of a set of internal resistances and this nonlinear relationship is inverted to obtain the internal resistors using a modified Newton-Raphson's method. Results are presented showing the influence of anisotropy and geometry, and a simplified example of commutation analysis using the model established is given.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87173278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350246
T. D. Kefalas, A. Kladas
This paper describes finite element techniques that reduce the computational cost of the 3D transient thermal analysis. Based on those techniques a finite element package is assembled. The package is used for the transient thermal analysis, under different load conditions and ambient temperatures, of a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor for aerospace actuation applications. Its validity is verified by measurements carried out in a thermal chamber.
{"title":"Finite element transient thermal analysis of PMSM for aerospace applications","authors":"T. D. Kefalas, A. Kladas","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350246","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes finite element techniques that reduce the computational cost of the 3D transient thermal analysis. Based on those techniques a finite element package is assembled. The package is used for the transient thermal analysis, under different load conditions and ambient temperatures, of a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor for aerospace actuation applications. Its validity is verified by measurements carried out in a thermal chamber.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76802433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350186
M. Rosyadi, S. Muyeen, R. Takahashi, J. Tamura
In this paper, combination system of squirrel cage induction generator based fixed speed wind turbine and permanent magnet synchronous generator based variable speed wind turbine is considered to improve voltage stability of a wind farm. A suitable control scheme for back-to-back converter of variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator is developed to improve the voltage stability as well as reactive power compensation of the fixed speed induction wind generator in cases of disturbed and normal conditions. The transient and steady state conditions are analyzed using PSCAD/ EMTDC, and it is concluded that the proposed topology is effective to enhance the voltage stability of wind farm for network fault disturbance and fluctuating wind speed.
{"title":"Voltage stability control of wind farm using PMSG based variable speed wind turbine","authors":"M. Rosyadi, S. Muyeen, R. Takahashi, J. Tamura","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350186","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, combination system of squirrel cage induction generator based fixed speed wind turbine and permanent magnet synchronous generator based variable speed wind turbine is considered to improve voltage stability of a wind farm. A suitable control scheme for back-to-back converter of variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator is developed to improve the voltage stability as well as reactive power compensation of the fixed speed induction wind generator in cases of disturbed and normal conditions. The transient and steady state conditions are analyzed using PSCAD/ EMTDC, and it is concluded that the proposed topology is effective to enhance the voltage stability of wind farm for network fault disturbance and fluctuating wind speed.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76846111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350024
S. Sprague
The design, manufacture and testing of electrical machines involves a significant effort directed toward the optimization of a given machine for a specific end use. Central to this task is the characterization of the magnetic properties of the lamination steel to be used, providing the engineer with a baseline of material property data from which to develop an optimized machine design. Bringing an electrical machine to commercial production presents challenges beyond design optimization. Allowable variations in the properties of lamination materials demand an understanding of the potential variation in the performance of the machine that may be caused by material property fluctuation. This paper examines a narrow range of materials, non-oriented silicon steels, and discusses the range of potential magnetic property variations. Rather than opting for a “de-rating” of expected machine performance, an argument will be made for aligning material data to prevailing standards by drafting design-for-manufacture strategies that will accommodate these expected variations.
{"title":"An examination of magnetic property variation of specification-acceptable electrical steel","authors":"S. Sprague","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350024","url":null,"abstract":"The design, manufacture and testing of electrical machines involves a significant effort directed toward the optimization of a given machine for a specific end use. Central to this task is the characterization of the magnetic properties of the lamination steel to be used, providing the engineer with a baseline of material property data from which to develop an optimized machine design. Bringing an electrical machine to commercial production presents challenges beyond design optimization. Allowable variations in the properties of lamination materials demand an understanding of the potential variation in the performance of the machine that may be caused by material property fluctuation. This paper examines a narrow range of materials, non-oriented silicon steels, and discusses the range of potential magnetic property variations. Rather than opting for a “de-rating” of expected machine performance, an argument will be made for aligning material data to prevailing standards by drafting design-for-manufacture strategies that will accommodate these expected variations.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78161839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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