Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350306
M. Valavi, A. Nysveen, R. Nilssen
This paper aims to describe the characteristics of the radial magnetic forces in a low-speed permanent magnet (PM) machine with concentrated windings. Magnetic flux distribution in the airgap is calculated using finite element method and the results are employed to compute the radial forces using Maxwell's stress tensor. The flux density due to PM and MMF magnetic fields and their interaction and also effect of slotting are discussed. Radial forces are investigated in no-load and load conditions. The authors have tried to address the importance of the slot harmonics in the force characteristics. It is shown that the amplitude of the lowest vibration mode is considerable even in no-load, however it increases while the machine is loaded, leading to higher vibration level. The influence of considering the tangential flux density on the force calculation is also investigated. It is found that in the case of neglecting tangential flux component, the level of calculated radial magnetic forces decreases considerably.
{"title":"Characterization of radial magnetic forces in low-speed permanent magnet wind generator with non-overlapping concentrated windings","authors":"M. Valavi, A. Nysveen, R. Nilssen","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350306","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to describe the characteristics of the radial magnetic forces in a low-speed permanent magnet (PM) machine with concentrated windings. Magnetic flux distribution in the airgap is calculated using finite element method and the results are employed to compute the radial forces using Maxwell's stress tensor. The flux density due to PM and MMF magnetic fields and their interaction and also effect of slotting are discussed. Radial forces are investigated in no-load and load conditions. The authors have tried to address the importance of the slot harmonics in the force characteristics. It is shown that the amplitude of the lowest vibration mode is considerable even in no-load, however it increases while the machine is loaded, leading to higher vibration level. The influence of considering the tangential flux density on the force calculation is also investigated. It is found that in the case of neglecting tangential flux component, the level of calculated radial magnetic forces decreases considerably.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81383950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349855
C. F. Yeh, W. S. Huang, C. Kuo, P. Hsu
In this paper, linear and nonlinear control design techniques including: (1) cross-couple control, (2) nonlinear friction compensation, and (3) disturbance observer are suitably integrated to improve control performance in synchronization. The developed controller has been applied to a two-axis motion system with an induction motor and a servo motor, in which they have very different dynamic characteristics. Experimental results indicate that the maximum synchronized error is significantly reduced from 132.1 um to 4.3 um. Moreover, the positional type cross-coupled controller has been realized on a commercial CNC tapping machine to improve the maximum synchronized error. Results of the tapping process have led to synchronization accuracy under 10 um when the spindle speed increases to the CNC maximum speed 6000 rpm to maintain satisfactory tapping processes.
{"title":"Design and applications of the synchronized motion controller for tapping processes","authors":"C. F. Yeh, W. S. Huang, C. Kuo, P. Hsu","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349855","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, linear and nonlinear control design techniques including: (1) cross-couple control, (2) nonlinear friction compensation, and (3) disturbance observer are suitably integrated to improve control performance in synchronization. The developed controller has been applied to a two-axis motion system with an induction motor and a servo motor, in which they have very different dynamic characteristics. Experimental results indicate that the maximum synchronized error is significantly reduced from 132.1 um to 4.3 um. Moreover, the positional type cross-coupled controller has been realized on a commercial CNC tapping machine to improve the maximum synchronized error. Results of the tapping process have led to synchronization accuracy under 10 um when the spindle speed increases to the CNC maximum speed 6000 rpm to maintain satisfactory tapping processes.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81446412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350250
C. Sanabria-Walter, H. Polinder, J. Ferreira, P. Janker, M. Hofmann
During the past decade Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet (FSPM) machines have been the object of increasing investigation due to its inherent advantages regarding torque density and fault tolerance. Due to these facts they are greatly attractive for aerospace applications where low-weight and limited installation spaces play an all-important role and where safety is a critical factor. In the search for alternative topologies that comply with these criteria, so that they can be deployed in a More-Electric Aircraft (MEA) for the purposes of propulsion or power generation, recent publications have given attention to a machine variant from the conventional FSPM machine called the C-Core FSPM machine. The C-Core FSPM machine offers roughly 40% greater electromagnetic torque than conventional FSPM machines, while using half of the magnet mass. This paper identifies measures to increase the electromagnetic torque by a further 20% to 30% while maintaining the machine volume and phase current constant and using no more magnet material than a conventional FSPM machine. An approach to exploit this advantage is proposed and developed for use in all FSPM machines. The greatest potential is identified to be in C-Core and E-Core FSPM machines.
{"title":"Torque enhanced Flux-Switching PM machine for aerospace applications","authors":"C. Sanabria-Walter, H. Polinder, J. Ferreira, P. Janker, M. Hofmann","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350250","url":null,"abstract":"During the past decade Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet (FSPM) machines have been the object of increasing investigation due to its inherent advantages regarding torque density and fault tolerance. Due to these facts they are greatly attractive for aerospace applications where low-weight and limited installation spaces play an all-important role and where safety is a critical factor. In the search for alternative topologies that comply with these criteria, so that they can be deployed in a More-Electric Aircraft (MEA) for the purposes of propulsion or power generation, recent publications have given attention to a machine variant from the conventional FSPM machine called the C-Core FSPM machine. The C-Core FSPM machine offers roughly 40% greater electromagnetic torque than conventional FSPM machines, while using half of the magnet mass. This paper identifies measures to increase the electromagnetic torque by a further 20% to 30% while maintaining the machine volume and phase current constant and using no more magnet material than a conventional FSPM machine. An approach to exploit this advantage is proposed and developed for use in all FSPM machines. The greatest potential is identified to be in C-Core and E-Core FSPM machines.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81671500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349899
J. D. Lara, I. Vieto
The present paper develops a detailed analysis of the three-phase induction motor when connected to a single phase source, many operational considerations are taken into account and both symmetrical component analysis and equivalent circuit are used for the analytical work. The performance of the compensated motor is simulated with Simulink for mechanical loads between 0 PU and 1 PU of the nominal torque in order to test the analytical results. The minimization of sequence unbalance and the verification of phase currents were determined to be the best operational criteria for the motor optimization. This procedure was repeated for several motors with different nameplate power, voltage and equivalent circuit parameters.
{"title":"Optimal sizing of static converters for single phase feeding of three phase induction motor","authors":"J. D. Lara, I. Vieto","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349899","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper develops a detailed analysis of the three-phase induction motor when connected to a single phase source, many operational considerations are taken into account and both symmetrical component analysis and equivalent circuit are used for the analytical work. The performance of the compensated motor is simulated with Simulink for mechanical loads between 0 PU and 1 PU of the nominal torque in order to test the analytical results. The minimization of sequence unbalance and the verification of phase currents were determined to be the best operational criteria for the motor optimization. This procedure was repeated for several motors with different nameplate power, voltage and equivalent circuit parameters.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81766090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350194
A. Jebai, F. Malrait, P. Martin, P. Rouchon
We propose a new sensorless position estimation method of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) at low speed by high frequency (HF) voltage injection. This method relies on a parametric saturation model of PMSM. The rotor position is estimated from the high frequency current using averaging calculations and a magnetic saturation model. Experimental results show clearly that the rotor position can be accurately estimated for different types of PM motors such as interior magnet and surface mounted, even at large angles. The estimation error is less than five electrical degree even at low speed and high load torque.
{"title":"Sensorless position estimation of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors using a nonlinear magnetic saturation model","authors":"A. Jebai, F. Malrait, P. Martin, P. Rouchon","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350194","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new sensorless position estimation method of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) at low speed by high frequency (HF) voltage injection. This method relies on a parametric saturation model of PMSM. The rotor position is estimated from the high frequency current using averaging calculations and a magnetic saturation model. Experimental results show clearly that the rotor position can be accurately estimated for different types of PM motors such as interior magnet and surface mounted, even at large angles. The estimation error is less than five electrical degree even at low speed and high load torque.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81777256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350166
J. Nye, J. G. de la Bat, M. A. Khan, P. Barendse
In order for studies to be undertaken on wind generator control and design, an easy method of testing the different designs needs to be implemented in a lab. A system which accurately emulates the instantaneous torque developed by the wind turbine has been developed and implemented in a laboratory. A turbine model was developed which includes various wind and turbine effects, such as tower shadow or wind shear, in order to emulate the operation of a turbine during transient and steady state conditions. The wind turbine emulator (WTE) allows for various turbines to be easily tested in the laboratory, under any wind conditions.
{"title":"Design and implementation of a variable speed wind turbine emulator","authors":"J. Nye, J. G. de la Bat, M. A. Khan, P. Barendse","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350166","url":null,"abstract":"In order for studies to be undertaken on wind generator control and design, an easy method of testing the different designs needs to be implemented in a lab. A system which accurately emulates the instantaneous torque developed by the wind turbine has been developed and implemented in a laboratory. A turbine model was developed which includes various wind and turbine effects, such as tower shadow or wind shear, in order to emulate the operation of a turbine during transient and steady state conditions. The wind turbine emulator (WTE) allows for various turbines to be easily tested in the laboratory, under any wind conditions.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87141899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350276
L. Belguerras, L. Hadjout, T. Lubin, S. Mezani, A. Rezzoug
An exact 2-dimensional analytical method for calculating the magnetic field distribution in a Flux Concentration Permanent Magnet Machines (FCPMM) with sector magnets is developed and validated. The ability of the model to determine the performances of rectangular magnets FCPMM is then analyzed. A parametric study showed that the analytical model can predict the torque with a reasonable precision. Hence, this model can usefully be used for optimization purposes where savings in computation time are needed.
{"title":"Analytical computation of Flux Concentration PM Machines: Study of the influence of the magnets shape","authors":"L. Belguerras, L. Hadjout, T. Lubin, S. Mezani, A. Rezzoug","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350276","url":null,"abstract":"An exact 2-dimensional analytical method for calculating the magnetic field distribution in a Flux Concentration Permanent Magnet Machines (FCPMM) with sector magnets is developed and validated. The ability of the model to determine the performances of rectangular magnets FCPMM is then analyzed. A parametric study showed that the analytical model can predict the torque with a reasonable precision. Hence, this model can usefully be used for optimization purposes where savings in computation time are needed.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87539106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350253
Y. Gao, M. Mcculloch
Switched reluctance machines present some unique properties that make them advantageous over other machine topologies for use in electric and hybrid vehicles, this paper covers recent and emerging development and research in switched reluctance motors, particularly those that are suitable for use in automotive traction and generation applications, including novel topologies. This paper proposes a classification system for switched reluctance machines, and analyses the cost and performance of different topologies.
{"title":"A review of high power density switched reluctance machines suitable for automotive applications","authors":"Y. Gao, M. Mcculloch","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350253","url":null,"abstract":"Switched reluctance machines present some unique properties that make them advantageous over other machine topologies for use in electric and hybrid vehicles, this paper covers recent and emerging development and research in switched reluctance motors, particularly those that are suitable for use in automotive traction and generation applications, including novel topologies. This paper proposes a classification system for switched reluctance machines, and analyses the cost and performance of different topologies.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88083572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350105
H. Ertan, I. Sahin
For simulation purposes and developing controllers, accurate motor parameters are needed to successfully estimate motor performance. Plenty of research has been done on this issue. However, standard procedures are not established yet. This paper concentrates on the measurement of the most critical parameter for permanent magnet motors, namely motor inductances of such motors. Frequency dependence, current dependence and the effect of the power supply waveform on measurements are investigated. Tests are done both at standstill and under running conditions and thus the results of various measurement methods could be compared. Also the effect of the d-axis stator current on the inductance is investigated. Tests are performed on a surface mount PM motor, for which little work appears to be reported as far as measurements are concerned. It is discovered that the inductance measurements with sinusoidal and PWM supply give very close results. It is recognized that during standstill tests measurements are advisable also by reversing the direction of the stator MMF. It is found that direct axis inductance measurements from no-load running test, with stator current direct-axis component in the magnetization direction, gives very close results to standstill tests. Inductance measurements are done also under load. It is discovered that for accurate results this test must be done at a low supply frequency and with a large phase current.
{"title":"Evaluation of inductance measurement methods for PM machines","authors":"H. Ertan, I. Sahin","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350105","url":null,"abstract":"For simulation purposes and developing controllers, accurate motor parameters are needed to successfully estimate motor performance. Plenty of research has been done on this issue. However, standard procedures are not established yet. This paper concentrates on the measurement of the most critical parameter for permanent magnet motors, namely motor inductances of such motors. Frequency dependence, current dependence and the effect of the power supply waveform on measurements are investigated. Tests are done both at standstill and under running conditions and thus the results of various measurement methods could be compared. Also the effect of the d-axis stator current on the inductance is investigated. Tests are performed on a surface mount PM motor, for which little work appears to be reported as far as measurements are concerned. It is discovered that the inductance measurements with sinusoidal and PWM supply give very close results. It is recognized that during standstill tests measurements are advisable also by reversing the direction of the stator MMF. It is found that direct axis inductance measurements from no-load running test, with stator current direct-axis component in the magnetization direction, gives very close results to standstill tests. Inductance measurements are done also under load. It is discovered that for accurate results this test must be done at a low supply frequency and with a large phase current.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86131083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350136
D. V. Spyropoulos, K. Gyftakis, J. Kappatou, E. Mitronikas
Broken bar faults are common in induction cage motors and can cause a variety of problems. This is the reason why there is continuous research on techniques for prompt detection. In this work a study of the influences of the broken bar fault to the electromagnetic characteristics of the induction motor is presented, using an asynchronous cage motor and FEM analysis. To this direction two models have been created and studied: a healthy one and a model with a broken bar fault. Additionally, a new approach on the detection of the broken rotor bar fault through the electromagnetic torque monitoring is suggested.
{"title":"The influence of the broken bar fault on the magnetic field and electromagnetic torque in 3-phase induction motors","authors":"D. V. Spyropoulos, K. Gyftakis, J. Kappatou, E. Mitronikas","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350136","url":null,"abstract":"Broken bar faults are common in induction cage motors and can cause a variety of problems. This is the reason why there is continuous research on techniques for prompt detection. In this work a study of the influences of the broken bar fault to the electromagnetic characteristics of the induction motor is presented, using an asynchronous cage motor and FEM analysis. To this direction two models have been created and studied: a healthy one and a model with a broken bar fault. Additionally, a new approach on the detection of the broken rotor bar fault through the electromagnetic torque monitoring is suggested.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86400798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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