Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943104
A. Cabasse, G. Martel, T. Nguyen, J. Oudar, S. Maine, Y. Battie, B. Attal‐Tretout
Ultrashort pulse laser sources are deployed in a wide variety of applications ranging from basic scientific research and metrology to eye surgery and material processing. The majority of fiber lasers produce ultrashort pulses thanks to nonlinear optical elements called saturable absorbers (SA). Currently, multiple quantum wells (MQW-SA) structures are regularly used as SA. Recently, at 1.5 µm, we report the highest pulse energy extracted from a fiber oscillator passively mode-locked by MQW-SA [1]. The discovery of the nonlinear optical behaviour of carbon nanotubes (CNT-SA) makes them attractive materials for replacing MQW-SA [2].
{"title":"Comparison between multiple quantum wells and carbon nanotubes to generate high power in mode-locked fiber oscillator","authors":"A. Cabasse, G. Martel, T. Nguyen, J. Oudar, S. Maine, Y. Battie, B. Attal‐Tretout","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943104","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrashort pulse laser sources are deployed in a wide variety of applications ranging from basic scientific research and metrology to eye surgery and material processing. The majority of fiber lasers produce ultrashort pulses thanks to nonlinear optical elements called saturable absorbers (SA). Currently, multiple quantum wells (MQW-SA) structures are regularly used as SA. Recently, at 1.5 µm, we report the highest pulse energy extracted from a fiber oscillator passively mode-locked by MQW-SA [1]. The discovery of the nonlinear optical behaviour of carbon nanotubes (CNT-SA) makes them attractive materials for replacing MQW-SA [2].","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72903826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943186
S. Guillemet, D. Kinet, F. Narbonneau, Y. Hernandez, D. Giannone
We present a high power all-in-fibre Raman laser delivering 20.6 W at 1270 nm with an efficiency of 70%. This laser can be used for medical applications like photodynamic therapy of cancer. To our knowledge, this is the highest power ever reported in literature for a Raman laser based on phosphosilicate fibre.
{"title":"High power all-in-fibre continuous wave Raman laser based on phosphosilicate fibre","authors":"S. Guillemet, D. Kinet, F. Narbonneau, Y. Hernandez, D. Giannone","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943186","url":null,"abstract":"We present a high power all-in-fibre Raman laser delivering 20.6 W at 1270 nm with an efficiency of 70%. This laser can be used for medical applications like photodynamic therapy of cancer. To our knowledge, this is the highest power ever reported in literature for a Raman laser based on phosphosilicate fibre.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73110255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943080
G. Y. Chen, M. Belal, Y. Jung, G. Brambilla, T. Newson
Fiber-optic current sensors exploiting the Faraday effect have attracted a great deal of interest due to their wide dynamic range, robustness and remote sensing capability. Recently a new approach to current sensing using optical fiber micro-wire (OFM) with 5 µm diameter in the configuration of a micro-coil (MC) has been proposed and successfully demonstrated [1]. It featured high compactness, robustness, configurability and excellent confinement of light and was able to demonstrate its ability to sense currents with a 1 µs rise time. In this paper we present a major improvement in the current sensing bandwidth, demonstrating a capability to detect a fast current pulse with pulse width (full width at half maximum: FWHM) of 6.7 ns.
{"title":"High frequency current sensing using optical fiber micro-wire","authors":"G. Y. Chen, M. Belal, Y. Jung, G. Brambilla, T. Newson","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943080","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber-optic current sensors exploiting the Faraday effect have attracted a great deal of interest due to their wide dynamic range, robustness and remote sensing capability. Recently a new approach to current sensing using optical fiber micro-wire (OFM) with 5 µm diameter in the configuration of a micro-coil (MC) has been proposed and successfully demonstrated [1]. It featured high compactness, robustness, configurability and excellent confinement of light and was able to demonstrate its ability to sense currents with a 1 µs rise time. In this paper we present a major improvement in the current sensing bandwidth, demonstrating a capability to detect a fast current pulse with pulse width (full width at half maximum: FWHM) of 6.7 ns.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73198344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943353
A. R. Cruz, E. Grace, Andrés Ferrer, Jan Siegel, Javier Solis
The energy deposition profile of a focused beam inside a dielectric material is conditioned by linear and nonlinear propagation effects. This can substantially distort the desired shape of the transformed region in laser processing applications [1]. By solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) using the split-step propagation technique or similar calculation procedures it is possible to perform accurate estimations of the energy deposition profile [2,3]. However, this is usually not practical in terms of a balance between computation time and accuracy. Thus, an experimental study considering various parameters (pulse energy, duration, processing depth, beam ellipticity, etc.) is the typical approach to determine a set of optimized “laser writing” parameters that yield the best result.
{"title":"Rapid calculation of the energy deposition profiles for processing of dielectrics with femtosecond lasers","authors":"A. R. Cruz, E. Grace, Andrés Ferrer, Jan Siegel, Javier Solis","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943353","url":null,"abstract":"The energy deposition profile of a focused beam inside a dielectric material is conditioned by linear and nonlinear propagation effects. This can substantially distort the desired shape of the transformed region in laser processing applications [1]. By solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) using the split-step propagation technique or similar calculation procedures it is possible to perform accurate estimations of the energy deposition profile [2,3]. However, this is usually not practical in terms of a balance between computation time and accuracy. Thus, an experimental study considering various parameters (pulse energy, duration, processing depth, beam ellipticity, etc.) is the typical approach to determine a set of optimized “laser writing” parameters that yield the best result.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75387146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943347
G. Miyaji, Kaifeng Zhang, J. Fujita, K. Miyazaki
Intense ultrashort laser pulses are able to produce periodic nanostructures through ultrafast ablation of solid surfaces, where the observed size of nanostructures is much smaller than the laser wavelength [1,2]. Intensive studies have been made for a variety of target materials to elucidate the nanostructuring. However, the physical process is not completely understood yet. Based on a series of experimental studies for hard thin films such diamond-like carbon and TiN [2,3], we have shown that near-field enhanced with femtosecond (fs) laser pulses plays the essential role in initiating the nanoscale ablation on the target surface [4], and the origin of nano-periodicity observed can be attributed to the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the surface layer [5] where the dielectric properties are rapidly changed due to the generation of high-density free electrons.
{"title":"Nanostructuring of silicon surface with near-field enhanced in femtosecond laser ablation","authors":"G. Miyaji, Kaifeng Zhang, J. Fujita, K. Miyazaki","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943347","url":null,"abstract":"Intense ultrashort laser pulses are able to produce periodic nanostructures through ultrafast ablation of solid surfaces, where the observed size of nanostructures is much smaller than the laser wavelength [1,2]. Intensive studies have been made for a variety of target materials to elucidate the nanostructuring. However, the physical process is not completely understood yet. Based on a series of experimental studies for hard thin films such diamond-like carbon and TiN [2,3], we have shown that near-field enhanced with femtosecond (fs) laser pulses plays the essential role in initiating the nanoscale ablation on the target surface [4], and the origin of nano-periodicity observed can be attributed to the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the surface layer [5] where the dielectric properties are rapidly changed due to the generation of high-density free electrons.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75470970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943419
Hui Wang, Shensheng Han, M. Kolobov
Compressed Sensing (CS) is a new method of signal and image processing which allows for exact recovery of an image from a number of samples much smaller than that required by the Nyquist/Shannon theorem. Compressed Sensing uses a priori information about the object called “sparsity”, which means that only a small number of image samples are nonzero. We have analyzed the superresolution behavior of CS taking into account the quantum fluctuations in the image. Our analysis allows to characterize the ultimate capabilities of CS imposed by the quantum nature of the light.
{"title":"Quantum fluctuations in Compressed Sensing","authors":"Hui Wang, Shensheng Han, M. Kolobov","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943419","url":null,"abstract":"Compressed Sensing (CS) is a new method of signal and image processing which allows for exact recovery of an image from a number of samples much smaller than that required by the Nyquist/Shannon theorem. Compressed Sensing uses a priori information about the object called “sparsity”, which means that only a small number of image samples are nonzero. We have analyzed the superresolution behavior of CS taking into account the quantum fluctuations in the image. Our analysis allows to characterize the ultimate capabilities of CS imposed by the quantum nature of the light.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75749343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942562
R. Maldonado-Basilio, S. Latkowski, P. Landais
Quantum-dash (QDash) mode-locked (ML) Fabry-Pérot laser diodes have attracted significant interest in optical time-division multiplexing and wavelength-division multiplexing systems due to their variety of applications such as sub-picosecond pulse generation, frequency multiplication, multi-channel transmission, clock recovery, and clock generation [1–5]. In particular, clock generation has been demonstrated by using a programmable notch filter at the output of a 40 GHz QDash-ML laser [5]. Selection from two to three longitudinal modes at a given wavelength separation allows for the generation of sinusoidal clock signals at different repetition rates. In this work, an alternative approach based on optical time-domain multiplexing is experimentally investigated. Optical pulse-streams at 80, 160 and 320 GHz featuring optical signal-to-noise-ratios of 12, 9 and 6 dB, respectively, are obtained. Time-domain multiplexed pulses exhibit a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of 1.8 ps irrespective of the pulse repetition rate.
{"title":"320 GHz time-domain multiplexed pulses from quantum-dash mode-locked semiconductor laser diodes","authors":"R. Maldonado-Basilio, S. Latkowski, P. Landais","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942562","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum-dash (QDash) mode-locked (ML) Fabry-Pérot laser diodes have attracted significant interest in optical time-division multiplexing and wavelength-division multiplexing systems due to their variety of applications such as sub-picosecond pulse generation, frequency multiplication, multi-channel transmission, clock recovery, and clock generation [1–5]. In particular, clock generation has been demonstrated by using a programmable notch filter at the output of a 40 GHz QDash-ML laser [5]. Selection from two to three longitudinal modes at a given wavelength separation allows for the generation of sinusoidal clock signals at different repetition rates. In this work, an alternative approach based on optical time-domain multiplexing is experimentally investigated. Optical pulse-streams at 80, 160 and 320 GHz featuring optical signal-to-noise-ratios of 12, 9 and 6 dB, respectively, are obtained. Time-domain multiplexed pulses exhibit a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of 1.8 ps irrespective of the pulse repetition rate.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73859465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942909
G. Latour, I. Gusachenko, M. Schanne-Klein
Collagen is the major component of the extracellular matrix in mammals and plays a central role in the architecture of biological tissues. This structural protein is characterized by triple helical domains and shows a highly structured macromolecular organization. Fibrillar collagen types self-assemble to form fibrils that may further assemble to form fibers or lamellas depending of the tissue (tendon, cornea, skin, arteries, bones…).
{"title":"Polarization-resolved Second Harmonic Generation microscopy in biological tissues","authors":"G. Latour, I. Gusachenko, M. Schanne-Klein","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942909","url":null,"abstract":"Collagen is the major component of the extracellular matrix in mammals and plays a central role in the architecture of biological tissues. This structural protein is characterized by triple helical domains and shows a highly structured macromolecular organization. Fibrillar collagen types self-assemble to form fibrils that may further assemble to form fibers or lamellas depending of the tissue (tendon, cornea, skin, arteries, bones…).","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"23 3","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72608094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942512
M. Martl, J. Darmo, D. Dietze, C. Deutsch, M. Brandstetter, A. Benz, A. M. Andrews, P. Klang, W. Schrenk, G. Strasser, K. Unterrainer
The study of quantum cascade lasers (QCL) in the terahertz frequency region by the use of THz time-domain spectroscopy has gained a lot of interest within the last few years [1]. Good physical insight was obtained for THz QCLs employing a single plasmon waveguide (surface plasmon waveguide) [2,3]. In comparison to that the double plasmon or metal-metal waveguide QCL uses a metal/semiconductor/metal structure as a waveguide. THz QCLs with this type of waveguide are showing the highest operating temperatures so far [4]. The metal-metal THz QCLs confine the whole mode in the active region of subwavelength size. In order to investigate metal-metal THz QCLs by THz pulses an efficient method of THz pulse launching needs to be employed. Several methods for coupling of free space THz pulses into the subwavelength waveguide, such as horn antenna, gratings or lenses can be used. A further method is a waveguide emitter [5,6] which benefits from the near infrared excitation beam focus which is much smaller than the corresponding THz focus.
{"title":"THz time domain spectroscopy of coupled cavity THz quantum cascade lasers with metal-metal waveguide","authors":"M. Martl, J. Darmo, D. Dietze, C. Deutsch, M. Brandstetter, A. Benz, A. M. Andrews, P. Klang, W. Schrenk, G. Strasser, K. Unterrainer","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5942512","url":null,"abstract":"The study of quantum cascade lasers (QCL) in the terahertz frequency region by the use of THz time-domain spectroscopy has gained a lot of interest within the last few years [1]. Good physical insight was obtained for THz QCLs employing a single plasmon waveguide (surface plasmon waveguide) [2,3]. In comparison to that the double plasmon or metal-metal waveguide QCL uses a metal/semiconductor/metal structure as a waveguide. THz QCLs with this type of waveguide are showing the highest operating temperatures so far [4]. The metal-metal THz QCLs confine the whole mode in the active region of subwavelength size. In order to investigate metal-metal THz QCLs by THz pulses an efficient method of THz pulse launching needs to be employed. Several methods for coupling of free space THz pulses into the subwavelength waveguide, such as horn antenna, gratings or lenses can be used. A further method is a waveguide emitter [5,6] which benefits from the near infrared excitation beam focus which is much smaller than the corresponding THz focus.","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72744431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943071
M. Zeitouny, M. Cui, N. Bhattacharya, H. Urbach, S. A. van den Berg, A. Janssen
The invention of the femtosecond frequency comb (FC) laser has revolutionized the field of high-resolution spectroscopy, by providing very accurate reference frequencies in the optical domain, acting as a ‘frequency ruler’. Similarly, a frequency comb can be viewed as a ruler for distance measurement, which is based on the fact that the vacuum distance between subsequent pulses is known with the accuracy of the used time standard. We have recently demonstrated absolute distance measurements using a FC laser applying a cross-correlation technique [1], which was supported by a theoretical and a numerical study on the formation of cross-correlation in dispersive media [2,3].
{"title":"Long distance measurement with sub-micrometer accuracy using a frequency comb laser","authors":"M. Zeitouny, M. Cui, N. Bhattacharya, H. Urbach, S. A. van den Berg, A. Janssen","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2011.5943071","url":null,"abstract":"The invention of the femtosecond frequency comb (FC) laser has revolutionized the field of high-resolution spectroscopy, by providing very accurate reference frequencies in the optical domain, acting as a ‘frequency ruler’. Similarly, a frequency comb can be viewed as a ruler for distance measurement, which is based on the fact that the vacuum distance between subsequent pulses is known with the accuracy of the used time standard. We have recently demonstrated absolute distance measurements using a FC laser applying a cross-correlation technique [1], which was supported by a theoretical and a numerical study on the formation of cross-correlation in dispersive media [2,3].","PeriodicalId":6331,"journal":{"name":"2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74810879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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