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2008 IEEE 35th International Conference on Plasma Science最新文献

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The soft X-ray spectrum and plasma jet properties in a range of sub-joule capillary discharges operated in argon 研究了氩气中亚焦耳毛细管放电范围内的软x射线光谱和等离子体射流特性
Pub Date : 2008-06-15 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2008.4590700
E. Wyndham, M. Favre, G. Avaria, F. Guzman, H. Bhuyan, H. Chuaqui, S. Zakharov, P. Choi
Summary form only given. We present a series of observations of a small very low inductance sub-joule capillary discharge in a variety of different geometries and under a variety of operating conditions. The plasmas emit mainly in the corresponding filling gas and whose temperature attains about 20 eV for a few nanoseconds. However under certain modes of operation the strong axial electron beam associated with transient hollow cathode mechanism guides and interacts with the pinch plasma to give intense emission from higher ionization states. The spectra presented are for operation in Argon at stored driver energies from 60 to 500 mJ and additionally show a significant dependance on the repetition rate as well as the operating pressure and pressure gradient between the hollow cathode entrance aperture and the anode exit of the capillary. Inspite of the mm diameter of the capillary bore, emission from ablated alumina wall material is minimal for some geometrical configurations conforming to theoretical modelling of the discharge. In addition the electron beam and plasma jet emanating from the anode and propagating in the partially ionized argon may be observed from its optical emission and at the lowest discharge energies may be cuantified from time resolved double Langmuir probe observations.
只提供摘要形式。我们提出了一系列的观察一个小的非常低的电感亚焦耳毛细管放电在各种不同的几何形状和各种操作条件下。等离子体主要在相应的填充气体中发射,其温度在几纳秒内达到20 eV左右。然而,在一定的工作模式下,与瞬态空心阴极机制相关的强轴向电子束引导并与夹指等离子体相互作用,产生高电离态的强发射。所提供的光谱是在氩气中运行的,存储的驱动能量从60到500 mJ,另外还显示了重复率以及空心阴极入口孔径和毛细管阳极出口之间的操作压力和压力梯度的显著依赖性。尽管毛细管孔直径为毫米,但对于符合放电理论模型的某些几何构型,烧蚀氧化铝壁材料的发射是最小的。此外,从阳极发出并在部分电离氩中传播的电子束和等离子体射流可以从其光学发射中观察到,并且可以通过时间分辨双朗缪尔探针观测来量化最低放电能量。
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引用次数: 0
Single and multiple beam klystron modeling with TESLA 用TESLA进行单束和多束速调管建模
Pub Date : 2008-06-15 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2008.4591135
I. Chernyavskiy, A. Vlasov, T. Antonsen, S. Cooke, D. Abe, B. Levush, K. Nguyen
Summary form only given. TESLA (telegraphist's equations solution for linear-beam amplifiers) is a large-signal 2.5 D code successfully applied to the modeling of single beam and multiple beam klystron amplifiers. The current implementation of TESLA is based on the Fortran-95 language with a wide use of dynamically allocated memory. Advanced performance of the code together with highly efficient use of computer memory, user- friendly Python-based GUI and set of post-processing tools makes the TESLA package very useful as a primary design tool. Recent improvement in the TESLA model allows to accurately model the effects of slow and reflected particles, whose contribution becomes especially important for the simulation of high-efficiency devices. In addition, the extension of the code to a parallel version enables us to model beams in separate parallel processes. This allows more accurate simulation of multiple beam klystrons, having a large spread in the values of R/Q for the different beam- tunnels of the resonant cavities. The results of TESLA modeling of several devices and comparison with available experimental data are discussed.
只提供摘要形式。TESLA (telegraphist’s equations solution for linear-beam amplifiers)是一种大信号2.5 D码,成功地应用于单束和多束速调管放大器的建模。当前TESLA的实现是基于Fortran-95语言,广泛使用动态分配内存。代码的高级性能加上高效使用计算机内存,用户友好的基于python的GUI和一组后处理工具使TESLA包作为主要设计工具非常有用。最近对特斯拉模型的改进可以精确地模拟慢速和反射粒子的影响,这对模拟高效率器件的贡献尤为重要。此外,将代码扩展到并行版本使我们能够在单独的并行过程中对光束进行建模。这允许更准确地模拟多束速调管,在共振腔的不同光束隧道的R/Q值有很大的分布。讨论了几种器件的特斯拉建模结果,并与现有实验数据进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Real time radon monitoring in the underground waters for earthquake prediction using laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS) 基于激光诱导等离子体光谱(LIBS)的地下水氡实时监测地震预报
Pub Date : 2008-06-15 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2008.4591094
G.R. Shyeganrad, L. Mashhadi
Anomalous changes in radon concentration of ground water have been observed prior to certain large earthquakes. Temporal variation of radon gas concentration with probability of earthquake occurring have been previously investigated. Here we proposed a flexible method based on Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS) for earthquake prediction by real time measurement concentration of radon gas solution in the underground water. Using fundamental harmonic Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, radon concentration fluctuation in the under ground water can be analyzed via observation of radon emission at 705.5 and 745 nm.
在某些大地震之前,已观察到地下水氡浓度的异常变化。氡气浓度随地震发生概率的时间变化已作过研究。本文提出了一种基于激光诱导等离子体光谱(LIPS)的实时测量地下水中氡气溶液浓度的地震预测方法。利用基频调q Nd:YAG激光器,通过对705.5 nm和745 nm处氡发射的观测,分析了地下水中氡浓度的波动。
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引用次数: 1
Transmembrane potential measurements on mammalian cells using the voltage sensitive dye annine-6 用电压敏感染料苯胺-6测量哺乳动物细胞的跨膜电位
Pub Date : 2008-06-15 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2008.4590742
T. Berghofer, C. Eing, B. Flickinger, C. Gusbeth, R. Strassner, W. Frey, S. Schneider
Annine-6, a voltage sensitive dye, was used to evaluate the transmembrane potential sensitivity of different mammalian cell lines (KEK293, 22Rv1, and HeLa). Transmembrane potential was measured at different field strengths. To guarantee the comparability with theoretical charging models, the measurements have been performed well below the assumed critical value for incipient pore formation of approximately 1 kV/cm for a typical cell-diameter of 15 micrometer.A good agreement between theoretical predictions and data has been found considering the general shape of the measured curve, whereas discrepancies occurred considering the absolute amplitude.
采用电压敏感染料Annine-6评价不同哺乳动物细胞系(KEK293、22Rv1和HeLa)的跨膜电位敏感性。测定不同场强下的跨膜电位。为了保证与理论充电模型的可比性,在典型电池直径为15微米时,测量值远低于假设的初始孔隙形成临界值,约为1千伏/厘米。考虑到测量曲线的一般形状,理论预测和数据之间的一致性很好,而考虑到绝对振幅,则出现了差异。
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引用次数: 0
Theoretical investigation of the warm-up phase of a high pressure mercury lamp 高压汞灯预热阶段的理论研究
Pub Date : 2008-06-15 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2008.4590918
Z. Araoud, B. Ben Hamida, K. Charrada, G. Zissis
A two-dimensional fluid model has been used to investigate the thermal and dynamic behavior of a high pressure mercury lamp during the high pressure phase. Among the various important mechanisms present in the arc, natural convection effect plays a pivotal role in determining the qualitative as well as quantitative distribution of the temperature field. By being able to contrast the solutions with and without the convection effect, the exact influence of the convection can be established. Based from the results, it is shown that convection slows the warm-up time.
采用二维流体模型研究了高压汞灯在高压阶段的热力学和动力学行为。在弧内存在的多种重要机制中,自然对流效应对温度场的定性和定量分布都起着举足轻重的作用。通过对比考虑和不考虑对流效应的解,可以确定对流的确切影响。结果表明,对流减缓了预热时间。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization and characterization of a 1.5 kV, 100 sp rise time, all-solid-state pulse generator 1.5 kV、100 sp上升时间全固态脉冲发生器的优化与表征
Pub Date : 2008-06-15 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2008.4591190
L. Merensky, A. Kardo-Sysoev, A. Flerov, A. Pokryvailo, D. Shmilovitz, A. Kesar
A state-of-the-art, all-solid-state sub-nanosecond pulse generator is presented. The generator is characterized by three compression stages. The first stage uses a power MOSFET that initially provides current increase in the storage inductor and then breaks the current. The second stage uses a 3 kV drift step recovery diode that cuts the reverse current rapidly to create a less than 1 nanosecond rise time pulse to charge a peaking capacitor. In the last stage, a silicon-avalanche shaper is used as a fast closing switch to discharge the capacitor. A 100 ps rise time, 1.5 kV output with 250 ps FWHM to a 50 Ohm load was achieved at a high pulse repetition frequency of up to 60 kHz with low < 30 ps jitter. The optimization and characterization of this generator will be presented.
介绍了一种先进的全固态亚纳秒脉冲发生器。发电机的特点是有三个压缩阶段。第一级使用功率MOSFET,最初在存储电感中提供电流增加,然后断开电流。第二级采用3kv漂移阶跃恢复二极管,快速切断反向电流,产生小于1纳秒的上升时间脉冲,为峰值电容器充电。在最后阶段,硅雪崩成形器被用作快速闭合开关来放电电容器。在高达60 kHz的高脉冲重复频率和< 30 ps的低抖动下,实现了100 ps上升时间、1.5 kV输出、250 ps频宽和50欧姆负载。本文将介绍该发生器的优化和特性。
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引用次数: 1
Pulsed electric discharges in water: Results and prospects 水中脉冲放电:结果与展望
Pub Date : 2008-06-15 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2008.4590739
P. Rutberg, V. L. Gorjachev, V. Kolikov, V. Snetov, A. Stogov
For last two decades at IEE RAS the investigations of pulsed electric discharges (PED) in water and study of physical, chemical and biological properties of oxide nanoparticles water dispersions produced at electrodischarge treatment of water were carried out. Parameters of PED were next: duration 0.2-27 mus; current 30-1200 A, and current rate 106-109 A/s. As temperature of the discharge channel is ~104 K, it is source of UV irradiation. At absorption of UV irradiation H2O2, OH radicals, O, O3 and other substances are formed. All factors above destroy a lot of microorganisms and spores of pathogen microscopic fungi. It was determined that the prolonged microbic resistance of water (PMRW) treated by PED is caused by oxide nanoparticles and toxic ions of electrodes metal. It was shown also that the essential role in this phenomenon plays the surface electric charge of nanoparticles. Relations between: bactericidal action of water and mass concentration of nanoparticles in dependence on metal of electrodes; properties of nanoparticles as a function of electric discharges parameters and other initial parameters had been established. In the future it is supposed to execute investigations of nanoparticles water dispersions interaction with various biological objects including tumoral tissues.
近二十年来,在IEE RAS开展了水中脉冲放电(PED)的研究和水放电处理产生的氧化纳米粒子水分散体的物理、化学和生物特性的研究。PED参数如下:持续时间0.2 ~ 27 μ s;电流30 ~ 1200 A,电流速率106 ~ 109 A/s。放电通道温度为~104 K,为紫外辐射源。紫外辐射吸收时形成H2O2、OH自由基、O、O3等物质。以上因素破坏了大量的微生物和病原微真菌孢子。结果表明,氧化纳米粒子和电极金属的有毒离子是导致PED处理水的耐微生物性延长的主要原因。研究还表明,纳米粒子的表面电荷在这一现象中起着重要作用。水的杀菌作用与纳米粒子质量浓度的关系与电极金属的依赖关系;建立了纳米粒子的放电特性与其他初始参数的函数关系。在未来,应该进行纳米粒子水分散体与包括肿瘤组织在内的各种生物物体相互作用的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Electron trapping and field propagation in laser-plasma interaction with density transition 激光等离子体与密度跃迁相互作用中的电子俘获和场传播
Pub Date : 2008-06-15 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2008.4590983
R. Rezaei-Nasirabad, E. Yazdani, P. Zobdeh, R. Sadighi-Bonabi
This paper investigates that by using a new electron density transition in plasma, the wave breaking threshold was reduced and transversely electron injection into the acceleration phase of the wake field was increased. Numerical results identify that injected electron bunch causes to modification of the wake field. By optimization of transient length and injected charge of electron, electromagnetic propagation and electron density variation in plasma has been evaluated and the efficient energy and gain of electrons have been obtained.
本文研究了利用等离子体中新的电子密度跃迁,降低了破波阈值,增加了尾流场加速阶段的横向电子注入。数值结果表明,注入的电子束引起了尾流场的改变。通过优化电子的瞬态长度和注入电荷,计算了等离子体中的电磁传播和电子密度变化,得到了电子的有效能量和增益。
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引用次数: 0
Neptune: An efficient time dependent 3D simulations of coherent radiation sources 海王星:一个有效的时间依赖的三维模拟相干辐射源
Pub Date : 2008-06-15 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2008.4591132
M. Botton, T. Antonsen, S. Cooke, B. Levush, I. Chernyavskiy, A. Vlasov
NEPTUNE (Nonlinear Evolution of Particle Trajectories Under Non-stationary Excitation) is a new code under development for 3D time dependent large amplitude simulations of coherent radiation sources. The code deals mainly with the description of the beam tunnel where the interaction between the electron beam and the electromagnetic (EM) waves takes place. The EM fields are described by complex envelopes allowing several carrier frequencies which are all harmonics of some fundamental frequency. The fields are calculated self consistently with the electron beam as a source, using the ADI scheme. The ADI scheme is based on splitting the time step into two halves. In each sub-step Maxwell's equations are solved implicitly in one direction and explicitly in the perpendicular direction. The ADI scheme is unconditionally stable, thus the time step can be larger than the one imposed by the CFL condition. This allows, in principal, high spatial resolution required for high frequency cavities without extending the calculation time. Nevertheless, the ADI scheme requires a solution of six tri-diagonal equations for the electric field followed by derivation of the magnetic field. This increased complexity somewhat impairs the efficiency of the calculations. The boundary conditions on the six faces of the beam tunnel are general, and can be specified either as perfect conductor, symmetry boundary conditions or arbitrary external specification. The electron beam is described by a set of trajectories. The frozen-field approximation used for the solution of the equation of motion for these trajectories facilitates the calculations, but requires that the transit time of the electrons in the interaction domain is much shorter than the cavity fill time, as is the case in most of the coherent radiation sources. The resulting code is expected to be more efficient and requires modest computing power compared to conventional 3D particle-in-cell codes. Examples of the use of the code for dielectric loaded waveguide serving as a slow-wave amplifier are presented.
海王星(Non-stationary Excitation Nonlinear Evolution of Particle Trajectories Under Non-stationary Excitation)是一个正在开发的用于相干辐射源三维时间相关大振幅模拟的新程序。该代码主要描述电子束与电磁波相互作用发生的电子束隧道。电磁场是由复杂的包络来描述的,它允许几个载波频率,这些载波频率都是某个基频的谐波。以电子束为源,采用ADI格式自一致地计算了电场。ADI方案基于将时间步长分成两半。在每个子步骤中,麦克斯韦方程组在一个方向上隐式求解,在垂直方向上显式求解。ADI方案是无条件稳定的,因此时间步长可以大于CFL条件所施加的时间步长。原则上,这可以在不延长计算时间的情况下实现高频腔所需的高空间分辨率。然而,ADI方案需要六个电场的三对角线方程的解,然后推导磁场。这种增加的复杂性在一定程度上削弱了计算的效率。光束隧道的六个面边界条件是一般的,可以指定为完美导体、对称边界条件或任意外部规范。电子束用一组轨迹来描述。用于求解这些轨迹运动方程的冻结场近似简化了计算,但要求电子在相互作用域中的传递时间远短于空腔填充时间,这在大多数相干辐射源中都是如此。与传统的三维细胞内粒子编码相比,由此产生的编码预计将更高效,并且需要适度的计算能力。文中给出了将该代码用于介质加载波导作为慢波放大器的实例。
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引用次数: 0
Potentialities of neon xenon pulsed discharges for publicity and architectural lighting 霓虹灯氙气脉冲放电在宣传和建筑照明方面的潜力
Pub Date : 2008-06-15 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2008.4591140
S. Point, É. Robert, S. Dozias, C. Cachoncinlle, R. Viladrosa, J. Pouvesle
Summary form only given. As mercury is a non environmental friendly element, many efforts are made in the field of light sources in order to replace Mercury-based lamps. This contribution deals with the potentialities of Neon Xenon discharges for replacing Mercury ones used in cold hollow cathodes fluorescent tubes. Interest of pulsed excitation (pulse duration: few mus; pulse frequency: few kHz) had been already shown in our previous works in comparison of AC mode. Following parametric studies on pressure (on the range 10 mbar-100 mbar) have shown that a pulsed Ne-Xe discharge at advanced pressure is able to provide close to 50% of illuminance provided by a mercury tube supplied with a 25 mA sinusoidal excitation current. Working times of thousands hours have been reached without significant decreasing of the luminous flux. Spectroscopic analysis and simple computed simulations have improved comprehension of mechanisms leading to the phosphor excitation, and permits to clarify results of parametric studies: in particular, neon partial pressure has been clearly identified as a fundamental parameter which determines the density of ionic excimers (essentially Xe2 +) whose recombination efficiently populates Xe first resonant level during post-discharge period. Its de- excitation to the ground level produces a significant VUV emission (147 nm) able to excite phosphor. As post- discharge emission typically occurs on few hundreds of mus, duty cycle must be adapted to fully recover VUV emission. Ignition processes have also been investigated. Strong influence of the excitation frequency on breakdown has been observed: residual electronic density from previous pulse increases with the frequency. Consequently, ignition in hollow cathode is accelerated and breakdown voltage decreases. Compromise has to be found between pulse frequency and duty cycle in order to have the breakdown voltage as low as possible while fully recovering post- discharge emission.
只提供摘要形式。由于汞是一种非环境友好元素,为了取代汞灯,人们在光源领域做出了许多努力。这篇文章讨论了氖氙放电取代冷空心阴极荧光灯管中使用的汞放电的潜力。脉冲激发兴趣(脉冲持续时间:几μ s;脉冲频率:几千赫)在我们以前的工作中已经显示了交流模式的比较。随后的压力参数研究(在10毫巴-100毫巴范围内)表明,在高压力下,脉冲Ne-Xe放电能够提供接近25毫安正弦激励电流汞管提供的50%的照度。在光通量没有明显下降的情况下,工作时间达到了数千小时。光谱分析和简单的计算模拟提高了对导致荧光粉激发的机制的理解,并允许澄清参数研究的结果:特别是,氖分压已被清楚地确定为决定离子准分子(主要是Xe2 +)密度的基本参数,其重组在放电后有效地填充Xe第一共振能级。它的去激发到地面水平产生显著的VUV发射(147 nm),能够激发荧光粉。由于放电后排放通常发生在几百μ m,因此必须调整占空比以完全恢复VUV排放。点火过程也进行了研究。观察到激振频率对击穿的强烈影响:前脉冲的残余电子密度随频率的增加而增加。从而加速了空心阴极的点火,降低了击穿电压。为了使击穿电压尽可能低,同时完全恢复放电后的发射,必须在脉冲频率和占空比之间找到折衷办法。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2008 IEEE 35th International Conference on Plasma Science
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