Pub Date : 2009-12-18DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356340
Ali Negahi Shirazi, M. Tajabadi, M. Imani, Shahriar Sharifi
Synthesis and characterization of copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) mono methyl ether-gpoly( methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) via a polymeric precursor method is reported. Grafting was accomplished based on direct condensation reaction in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as an esterification promoting agent catalyzed by dimethylamino pyridine. PEG-grafted copolymers were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques and their biocompatibility was also studied. Appearance of bands assigned to the ester functional groups in Fourier transform infrared spectra was used for structure characterization of the grafted copolymer. Grafting efficiency was assured the performance of grafting reaction. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the grafted copolymer using L929 fibroblast cell line elucidated acceptable biocompatibility profile also applicability of the copolymers for biomedical applications.
{"title":"Grafting and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol) mono methyl ether on poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) via direct condensation","authors":"Ali Negahi Shirazi, M. Tajabadi, M. Imani, Shahriar Sharifi","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356340","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis and characterization of copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) mono methyl ether-gpoly( methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) via a polymeric precursor method is reported. Grafting was accomplished based on direct condensation reaction in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as an esterification promoting agent catalyzed by dimethylamino pyridine. PEG-grafted copolymers were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques and their biocompatibility was also studied. Appearance of bands assigned to the ester functional groups in Fourier transform infrared spectra was used for structure characterization of the grafted copolymer. Grafting efficiency was assured the performance of grafting reaction. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the grafted copolymer using L929 fibroblast cell line elucidated acceptable biocompatibility profile also applicability of the copolymers for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":6447,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83617783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-18DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356499
Nouruddeen Bashir, Hussein Ahmad
This work attempts to apply an artificial neural network in order to diagnose ageing transmission line insulators. The insulator leakage current harmonic components are used as the input variables of the artificial neural network. The data used to train the network and test its performance is derived from experimental measurements carried out in artificial climatic chamber. The experimental result and neural network simulation results are presented accordingly. This novel method of ANN application can be viable in online diagnosis of insulators in service and lifespan estimation yielding efficient and effective predictive maintenance practices for power utilities in a cheap and less time-consuming manner.
{"title":"A neural network based method for the diagnosis of ageing insulators","authors":"Nouruddeen Bashir, Hussein Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356499","url":null,"abstract":"This work attempts to apply an artificial neural network in order to diagnose ageing transmission line insulators. The insulator leakage current harmonic components are used as the input variables of the artificial neural network. The data used to train the network and test its performance is derived from experimental measurements carried out in artificial climatic chamber. The experimental result and neural network simulation results are presented accordingly. This novel method of ANN application can be viable in online diagnosis of insulators in service and lifespan estimation yielding efficient and effective predictive maintenance practices for power utilities in a cheap and less time-consuming manner.","PeriodicalId":6447,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91058635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-18DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356306
K. Hamdan, S. Bibi, L. Angelis, I. Stamelos
In this study an analysis is performed in order to explore whether and how culture and leadership factors have an impact on the accuracy of software effort and cost estimation. A survey on software development projects within government departments in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was undertaken. A Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) cost estimation model incorporating organizational and intercultural factors was developed and evaluated. The results indicated that the inclusion of such data into explanatory estimation models such as BBNs could provide useful information and increase the accuracy of final estimates.
{"title":"A bayesian belief network cost estimation model that incorporates cultural and project leadership factors","authors":"K. Hamdan, S. Bibi, L. Angelis, I. Stamelos","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356306","url":null,"abstract":"In this study an analysis is performed in order to explore whether and how culture and leadership factors have an impact on the accuracy of software effort and cost estimation. A survey on software development projects within government departments in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was undertaken. A Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) cost estimation model incorporating organizational and intercultural factors was developed and evaluated. The results indicated that the inclusion of such data into explanatory estimation models such as BBNs could provide useful information and increase the accuracy of final estimates.","PeriodicalId":6447,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89709125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-18DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356313
D. S. George, M. Baiju
This paper presents a random pulse width modulation (RPWM) technique for 3-level inverter based on open-end winding induction motor. A 3-level inverter can be realized by feeding an induction motor in open-end winding configuration with two 2-level inverters from both sides. A decoupled random PWM strategy for an open-end winding induction motor drive is proposed in this paper, in which, the switching signals for the individual inverters are derived separately. In the proposed scheme, the instantaneous switching states for the inverters are independently generated by comparing the decoupled reference voltage of the individual inverters with a random carrier wave. The proposed scheme is implemented for 2hp induction motor drive and experimental results are presented. Experimental results showing the comparison of the performance of the proposed scheme with that of the sine-triangle PWM is also presented.
{"title":"Decoupled random modulation technique for an open-end winding induction motor based 3-level inverter","authors":"D. S. George, M. Baiju","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356313","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a random pulse width modulation (RPWM) technique for 3-level inverter based on open-end winding induction motor. A 3-level inverter can be realized by feeding an induction motor in open-end winding configuration with two 2-level inverters from both sides. A decoupled random PWM strategy for an open-end winding induction motor drive is proposed in this paper, in which, the switching signals for the individual inverters are derived separately. In the proposed scheme, the instantaneous switching states for the inverters are independently generated by comparing the decoupled reference voltage of the individual inverters with a random carrier wave. The proposed scheme is implemented for 2hp induction motor drive and experimental results are presented. Experimental results showing the comparison of the performance of the proposed scheme with that of the sine-triangle PWM is also presented.","PeriodicalId":6447,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76683943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-18DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356504
C. Prabhu, A. Singh, Soo Wei Pin, T. Hou
The increasing market of mobile devices and battery powered portable electronic systems is creating demands for chips that consume the smallest possible amount of power. Static random access memories (SRAMs) consist of almost 90% of very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits. The power consumption and speed of SRAMs are important issue that has lead to multiple designs with the purpose of minimizing the power consumption during both read and write operations. In this paper, we have proposed a new SRAM cell architecture which consists of an asymmetric inverter pair to reduce the power consumption. The proposed circuit consumes lower power during read and write operations compared to 6T conventional circuit. The main disadvantage of the proposed cell is its larger area occupation. The stability and speed of the cell are deteriorated which can be improved by proper sizing of the tail transistor.
{"title":"9T balanced SRAM cell for low power operation","authors":"C. Prabhu, A. Singh, Soo Wei Pin, T. Hou","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356504","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing market of mobile devices and battery powered portable electronic systems is creating demands for chips that consume the smallest possible amount of power. Static random access memories (SRAMs) consist of almost 90% of very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits. The power consumption and speed of SRAMs are important issue that has lead to multiple designs with the purpose of minimizing the power consumption during both read and write operations. In this paper, we have proposed a new SRAM cell architecture which consists of an asymmetric inverter pair to reduce the power consumption. The proposed circuit consumes lower power during read and write operations compared to 6T conventional circuit. The main disadvantage of the proposed cell is its larger area occupation. The stability and speed of the cell are deteriorated which can be improved by proper sizing of the tail transistor.","PeriodicalId":6447,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78331544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-18DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356430
S. Z. Islam, R. Jidin, M. A. Mohd. Ali
This paper proposed IDDQ testing of combinational circuit using Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) based fast seed selection technique. Although IDDQ testing is known to be effective to detect faults in CMOS circuit, test time of IDDQ testing is larger than that of logic testing. To reduce test time of IDDQ testing, bit-flipping technique is integrated with LFSR to reduce lower to higher (L to H) switching activities for combinational circuits. Experimental results for ISCAS'85 and ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits show the effectiveness (7% improvement) of the technique for reducing testing time delay.
{"title":"LFSR based fast seed selection technique reducing test time of IDDQ testing","authors":"S. Z. Islam, R. Jidin, M. A. Mohd. Ali","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356430","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposed IDDQ testing of combinational circuit using Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) based fast seed selection technique. Although IDDQ testing is known to be effective to detect faults in CMOS circuit, test time of IDDQ testing is larger than that of logic testing. To reduce test time of IDDQ testing, bit-flipping technique is integrated with LFSR to reduce lower to higher (L to H) switching activities for combinational circuits. Experimental results for ISCAS'85 and ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits show the effectiveness (7% improvement) of the technique for reducing testing time delay.","PeriodicalId":6447,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74509283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-18DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356363
G. L. de Oliveira Serra, C. C. T. Ferreira
This paper proposes the analysis and design of robust fuzzy control. From the Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC) strategy, a mathematical formulation is defined in the frequency domain, based on the gain and phase margins specifications, to obtain robust PID sub-controllers in accordance to the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model of the plant. Results for the robust stability conditions with the proposal of one Axiom and two Theorems are also presented.
{"title":"Parallel distributed compensation based robust fuzzy control","authors":"G. L. de Oliveira Serra, C. C. T. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356363","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the analysis and design of robust fuzzy control. From the Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC) strategy, a mathematical formulation is defined in the frequency domain, based on the gain and phase margins specifications, to obtain robust PID sub-controllers in accordance to the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model of the plant. Results for the robust stability conditions with the proposal of one Axiom and two Theorems are also presented.","PeriodicalId":6447,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72825889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-18DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356495
I. Fazal, M. N. Karsiti
This paper presents needle insertion forces for haptic feedback device in soft tissue. The force information from needle insertions is being measured by the sensor. The force feedback produced by the device can be used in robot-assisted percutaneous therapies. The objective of the work reported here is to design a device for reality-based data. Insertion force data was collected on chicken skin and meat. The needle insertion force is modeled in three parts; force due to capsule stiffness, friction and cutting. The data from model is compared with real time force data. From the simulation and experimental results, it is found out that the error between measured and modeled force converges.
{"title":"Needle insertion forces for haptic feedback device","authors":"I. Fazal, M. N. Karsiti","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356495","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents needle insertion forces for haptic feedback device in soft tissue. The force information from needle insertions is being measured by the sensor. The force feedback produced by the device can be used in robot-assisted percutaneous therapies. The objective of the work reported here is to design a device for reality-based data. Insertion force data was collected on chicken skin and meat. The needle insertion force is modeled in three parts; force due to capsule stiffness, friction and cutting. The data from model is compared with real time force data. From the simulation and experimental results, it is found out that the error between measured and modeled force converges.","PeriodicalId":6447,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73772333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-18DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356421
M. Morsin, M. S. Sulong, Abdul Majeed bin Zulkipli, Tasiransurini Ab Rahman
This paper presents a new innovative way of teaching undergraduate program using low cost masks to fabricate n-well MOSFET. The fabrication process of n-well MOSFET started with the establishment of process flow, process modules, and process parameters. The MOSFET fabrication process used blanket-field oxide for isolation, positive resist for lithography process, boron and phosphorus for source/drain doping and aluminum for metallization. An economical solution of masks using transparency films with various channel lengths from 300 µm to 500 µm has been produced to reduce cost. Six layer photolithography masks of MOSFET were designed using AutoCAD drawing tools and then printed using high resolution laser printer on the transparency film. Contact printing method has been utilized to transfer the mask layouts onto a 4-inch silicon wafer using standard photolithography techniques to check the line uniformity. Optical observation using high power microscope shows that the mask layouts were successfully transferred onto photoresist with minimum variation. The n-well CMOS transistors were tested using Keithley 2400 source meter with Lab-view measurement software. The obtained electrical characteristic is same as the theory.
{"title":"Mask design, fabrication and characterization of in - house n-well MOSFET using spin -on dopant technique for undergraduates program","authors":"M. Morsin, M. S. Sulong, Abdul Majeed bin Zulkipli, Tasiransurini Ab Rahman","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356421","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new innovative way of teaching undergraduate program using low cost masks to fabricate n-well MOSFET. The fabrication process of n-well MOSFET started with the establishment of process flow, process modules, and process parameters. The MOSFET fabrication process used blanket-field oxide for isolation, positive resist for lithography process, boron and phosphorus for source/drain doping and aluminum for metallization. An economical solution of masks using transparency films with various channel lengths from 300 µm to 500 µm has been produced to reduce cost. Six layer photolithography masks of MOSFET were designed using AutoCAD drawing tools and then printed using high resolution laser printer on the transparency film. Contact printing method has been utilized to transfer the mask layouts onto a 4-inch silicon wafer using standard photolithography techniques to check the line uniformity. Optical observation using high power microscope shows that the mask layouts were successfully transferred onto photoresist with minimum variation. The n-well CMOS transistors were tested using Keithley 2400 source meter with Lab-view measurement software. The obtained electrical characteristic is same as the theory.","PeriodicalId":6447,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73950529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-18DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356445
M. Ahmad, R. R. Raja Ismail, M. S. Ramli, N. M. Abd Ghani, N. Hambali
This paper presents investigations into the development of feed-forward control schemes for anti-swaying control of a gantry crane system. A nonlinear 3-D gantry crane system is considered and the dynamic model of the system is derived using the Euler-Lagrange formulation. An unshaped bang-bang force input is used to determine the characteristic parameters of the system for design and evaluation of the feed-forward control techniques. Feed-forward control schemes based on input shaping and filtering techniques are to be examined. The proposed techniques are designed based on the properties of the system for anti-sway control. Simulation results of the response of the gantry crane system to the shaped inputs are presented in time and frequency domains. Performances of the shapers are examined in terms of swing angle reduction and time response specifications. Moreover, the robustness of the feed-forward control schemes is discussed. Finally, a comparative assessment of the proposed control techniques is presented and discussed.
{"title":"Investigations of feed-forward techniques for anti-sway control of 3-D gantry crane system","authors":"M. Ahmad, R. R. Raja Ismail, M. S. Ramli, N. M. Abd Ghani, N. Hambali","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356445","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents investigations into the development of feed-forward control schemes for anti-swaying control of a gantry crane system. A nonlinear 3-D gantry crane system is considered and the dynamic model of the system is derived using the Euler-Lagrange formulation. An unshaped bang-bang force input is used to determine the characteristic parameters of the system for design and evaluation of the feed-forward control techniques. Feed-forward control schemes based on input shaping and filtering techniques are to be examined. The proposed techniques are designed based on the properties of the system for anti-sway control. Simulation results of the response of the gantry crane system to the shaped inputs are presented in time and frequency domains. Performances of the shapers are examined in terms of swing angle reduction and time response specifications. Moreover, the robustness of the feed-forward control schemes is discussed. Finally, a comparative assessment of the proposed control techniques is presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":6447,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74071039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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