Pub Date : 2011-07-03DOI: 10.1109/APS.2011.5996744
D. Shin, Jinyul Kim, W. Park, W. Hwang
We study the impact characteristic and the performance of composite surface antenna (CSA). The antenna, which operates in GPS band (1.575 GHz) and DMB band (2.635 GHz), was embedded in composite sandwich structure consisting of glass/epoxy laminate, carbon/epoxy laminate, adhesive films and nomex honeycomb. When 20 J of impact energy was applied to arbitrary points on the antenna, the maximum contact force was 4 kN and the antenna proved resistant to impact. The gain of antennas after impact testing was about 6 dBi in GPS band and 4.5 dBi in DBS band.
{"title":"Investigation for impact behavior of composite surface antenna","authors":"D. Shin, Jinyul Kim, W. Park, W. Hwang","doi":"10.1109/APS.2011.5996744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2011.5996744","url":null,"abstract":"We study the impact characteristic and the performance of composite surface antenna (CSA). The antenna, which operates in GPS band (1.575 GHz) and DMB band (2.635 GHz), was embedded in composite sandwich structure consisting of glass/epoxy laminate, carbon/epoxy laminate, adhesive films and nomex honeycomb. When 20 J of impact energy was applied to arbitrary points on the antenna, the maximum contact force was 4 kN and the antenna proved resistant to impact. The gain of antennas after impact testing was about 6 dBi in GPS band and 4.5 dBi in DBS band.","PeriodicalId":6449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)","volume":"18 1","pages":"461-463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79741650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-03DOI: 10.1109/APS.2011.5996884
S. Hrabar, I. Krois, I. Bonic, A. Kiricenko
Recently introduced concept of active non-Foster metamaterial is reviewed with an emphasis on the counterintuitive background physics. The main fundamental and technological limitations such as stability and selection criteria for active elements are highlighted. It is shown that non-Foster-based active metamaterials are stable if equivalent permittivity or permeability is positive number. Since this number can be (almost) arbitrarily small, the construction of practical broadband ENZ or MNZ metamaterials is feasible. Several examples of extremely broadband (bandwidth of more than two octaves) 1D and 2D active ENZ metamaterials developed at University of Zagreb are presented.
{"title":"Dispersionless ENZ and MNZ metamaterials based on non-Foster elements","authors":"S. Hrabar, I. Krois, I. Bonic, A. Kiricenko","doi":"10.1109/APS.2011.5996884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2011.5996884","url":null,"abstract":"Recently introduced concept of active non-Foster metamaterial is reviewed with an emphasis on the counterintuitive background physics. The main fundamental and technological limitations such as stability and selection criteria for active elements are highlighted. It is shown that non-Foster-based active metamaterials are stable if equivalent permittivity or permeability is positive number. Since this number can be (almost) arbitrarily small, the construction of practical broadband ENZ or MNZ metamaterials is feasible. Several examples of extremely broadband (bandwidth of more than two octaves) 1D and 2D active ENZ metamaterials developed at University of Zagreb are presented.","PeriodicalId":6449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)","volume":"14 1","pages":"1946-1949"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83275700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-03DOI: 10.1109/APS.2011.5997080
S. Rao
The objective of this work is to present a new iterative method to solve electromagnetic field problems using the method of moments formulation. The new method is conceptually simple and requires much fewer mathematical operations per iteration when compared to other available methods. Further, the method can easily handle multiple right hand side vectors much the same way as direct solution techniques. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applicability and accuracy of the new method.
{"title":"A new iterative method to calculate radar cross section of complex objects","authors":"S. Rao","doi":"10.1109/APS.2011.5997080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2011.5997080","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to present a new iterative method to solve electromagnetic field problems using the method of moments formulation. The new method is conceptually simple and requires much fewer mathematical operations per iteration when compared to other available methods. Further, the method can easily handle multiple right hand side vectors much the same way as direct solution techniques. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applicability and accuracy of the new method.","PeriodicalId":6449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)","volume":"78 6 1","pages":"2692-2695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83499536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-03DOI: 10.1109/APS.2011.5996765
L. Catarinucci, D. De Donno, Matteo Guadalupi, F. Ricciato, L. Tarricone
Performance evaluation of passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags is a crucial but challenging task. In fact, tag performance depends on multiple factors like the goodness of the conjugate matching between chip and antenna, the chip sensitivity, and the strength and quality of backscattered signal. Moreover, passive RFID tags lack wired connectors and therefore cannot be directly interfaced with conventional measurement instruments. Some solutions for tag testing and performance evaluation are commercially available on the market, but they are expensive and not totally flexible. In this work we propose a novel approach to the problem of tag performance analysis based on Software-Defined Radio (SDR). We show that a SDR tool for UHF RFID reading allows the characterization of tag performance by any metric and for any operating frequency, with a total equipment cost below 1000 USD. We present the methodology to measure tag sensitivity, differential radar cross-section and Signal-to-Noise ratio, and provide numerical results for five different tags.
{"title":"Performance analysis of passive UHF RFID tags with GNU-radio","authors":"L. Catarinucci, D. De Donno, Matteo Guadalupi, F. Ricciato, L. Tarricone","doi":"10.1109/APS.2011.5996765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2011.5996765","url":null,"abstract":"Performance evaluation of passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags is a crucial but challenging task. In fact, tag performance depends on multiple factors like the goodness of the conjugate matching between chip and antenna, the chip sensitivity, and the strength and quality of backscattered signal. Moreover, passive RFID tags lack wired connectors and therefore cannot be directly interfaced with conventional measurement instruments. Some solutions for tag testing and performance evaluation are commercially available on the market, but they are expensive and not totally flexible. In this work we propose a novel approach to the problem of tag performance analysis based on Software-Defined Radio (SDR). We show that a SDR tool for UHF RFID reading allows the characterization of tag performance by any metric and for any operating frequency, with a total equipment cost below 1000 USD. We present the methodology to measure tag sensitivity, differential radar cross-section and Signal-to-Noise ratio, and provide numerical results for five different tags.","PeriodicalId":6449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)","volume":"66 1","pages":"541-544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80808571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-03DOI: 10.1109/APS.2011.5997212
N. Nair, B. Shanker, L. Kempel
This work applies the generalized method of moments (GMM) to the analysis of scalar integral equations using a locally smooth approximation to the surface. The GMM has been developed in the past on overlapping, piece-wise smooth tessellations. Here a new locally smooth surface mapping scheme is used to develop the GMM patches. The GMM is used to discretize the double layer potential formulation for acoustic scattering from hard targets. Sample results are presented that compare the RCS between the new GMM formulation and analytical data, as well as with the original GMM formulation on piecewise smooth tessellations. More results and application to the discretization of the Burton Miller formulation will be presented at the conference.
{"title":"A discretization framework for scalar integral equations using the generalized method of moments and locally smooth surface approximations","authors":"N. Nair, B. Shanker, L. Kempel","doi":"10.1109/APS.2011.5997212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2011.5997212","url":null,"abstract":"This work applies the generalized method of moments (GMM) to the analysis of scalar integral equations using a locally smooth approximation to the surface. The GMM has been developed in the past on overlapping, piece-wise smooth tessellations. Here a new locally smooth surface mapping scheme is used to develop the GMM patches. The GMM is used to discretize the double layer potential formulation for acoustic scattering from hard targets. Sample results are presented that compare the RCS between the new GMM formulation and analytical data, as well as with the original GMM formulation on piecewise smooth tessellations. More results and application to the discretization of the Burton Miller formulation will be presented at the conference.","PeriodicalId":6449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)","volume":"17 1","pages":"3193-3196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83309215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-03DOI: 10.1109/APS.2011.5996882
Ting Zhang, Ronglin Li, M. Tentzeris
This paper proposes a low profile monopole antenna which achieves a dual-frequency broadband operation at 900 MHz with a bandwidth of ∼42% (790∼1215) and at 1900 MHz with a bandwidth ∼53% (1710∼3000 MHz). The proposed antenna has an inverted F strip and a meandered strip directly fed by the microstrip line on the front side and has an S strip terminated at a ground plane. The lower sections of the inverted F strip and the S strip overlap and form a two-strip monopole. The mutual coupling of the two-strip lines has a significant effect on the bandwidth enhancement. The Antenna structure is described in detail and its performance is validated by experimental results.
{"title":"Dual-frequency broadband antenna for mobile device applications","authors":"Ting Zhang, Ronglin Li, M. Tentzeris","doi":"10.1109/APS.2011.5996882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2011.5996882","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a low profile monopole antenna which achieves a dual-frequency broadband operation at 900 MHz with a bandwidth of ∼42% (790∼1215) and at 1900 MHz with a bandwidth ∼53% (1710∼3000 MHz). The proposed antenna has an inverted F strip and a meandered strip directly fed by the microstrip line on the front side and has an S strip terminated at a ground plane. The lower sections of the inverted F strip and the S strip overlap and form a two-strip monopole. The mutual coupling of the two-strip lines has a significant effect on the bandwidth enhancement. The Antenna structure is described in detail and its performance is validated by experimental results.","PeriodicalId":6449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)","volume":"26 1","pages":"1939-1941"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83534712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-03DOI: 10.1109/APS.2011.5996936
E. A. Marengo
It is well known that, for a given far field radiation pattern, there is a minimum source region Vmin such that in order for the field to be produced by a source of support V, then Vmin ⊆ V. There are classical and modern techniques for the estimation of bounding regions Bmin such that Vmin ⊆ Bmin. This paper investigates a fundamental open question in the electromagnetic theory of minimum source regions which has much practical importance for inverse source and scattering problems. In particular, clearly one can obtain estimates of the minimum source region; but how much information do they provide about the true support of a given unknown source whose far fields are measured? It is shown that, for a rather general class of sources of support V, the respective minimum source region and tight estimates of this region obtained from far field data are very likely to coincide with or at least to be close to the original support V (within bounds estimated in the paper). Thus, in inverse source and scattering problems, estimates of these minimum source regions, obtained from far field data, are probabilistically tight estimates of the sought-after support.
{"title":"Minimum source regions of far fields as probable bounds of support","authors":"E. A. Marengo","doi":"10.1109/APS.2011.5996936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2011.5996936","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that, for a given far field radiation pattern, there is a minimum source region Vmin such that in order for the field to be produced by a source of support V, then Vmin ⊆ V. There are classical and modern techniques for the estimation of bounding regions Bmin such that Vmin ⊆ Bmin. This paper investigates a fundamental open question in the electromagnetic theory of minimum source regions which has much practical importance for inverse source and scattering problems. In particular, clearly one can obtain estimates of the minimum source region; but how much information do they provide about the true support of a given unknown source whose far fields are measured? It is shown that, for a rather general class of sources of support V, the respective minimum source region and tight estimates of this region obtained from far field data are very likely to coincide with or at least to be close to the original support V (within bounds estimated in the paper). Thus, in inverse source and scattering problems, estimates of these minimum source regions, obtained from far field data, are probabilistically tight estimates of the sought-after support.","PeriodicalId":6449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)","volume":"19 1","pages":"2146-2149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89297109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-03DOI: 10.1109/APS.2011.5996452
L. Cisoni, D. Trinchero
The use of small radiators is growing in importance for applications related to wireless sensor networks, RFIDs, personal and body communications. In these context, the antenna must be compacted in a very narrow space, and the bandwidth of the signal is typically small. Under these conditions, radiating elements smaller (even much smaller) then the wavelength, appear as the best solution. Thanks to a compact design and a small size, these antennas can be embedded in a narrow space, with extremely limited spatial dimension. On the contrary, small antennas have limited radiating characteristics, with a light efficiency and a high mismatch. The paper introduces a design approach that reduces the overall antenna dimensions by selecting an efficient geometrical shape and embedding the matching circuit inside the antenna. The return loss has a 0.6% bandwidth at −10 dB, larger in comparison to other realizations than can be found in the literature. Although several realizations s have been carried out, two solutions working 900 MHz with simulations and measurements is presented. For their shape, they have been baptized, respectively, Smiley and Hair Antennas.
{"title":"Compact small magnetic antennas an efficient technique to reduce dimensions without affecting the efficiency","authors":"L. Cisoni, D. Trinchero","doi":"10.1109/APS.2011.5996452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2011.5996452","url":null,"abstract":"The use of small radiators is growing in importance for applications related to wireless sensor networks, RFIDs, personal and body communications. In these context, the antenna must be compacted in a very narrow space, and the bandwidth of the signal is typically small. Under these conditions, radiating elements smaller (even much smaller) then the wavelength, appear as the best solution. Thanks to a compact design and a small size, these antennas can be embedded in a narrow space, with extremely limited spatial dimension. On the contrary, small antennas have limited radiating characteristics, with a light efficiency and a high mismatch. The paper introduces a design approach that reduces the overall antenna dimensions by selecting an efficient geometrical shape and embedding the matching circuit inside the antenna. The return loss has a 0.6% bandwidth at −10 dB, larger in comparison to other realizations than can be found in the literature. Although several realizations s have been carried out, two solutions working 900 MHz with simulations and measurements is presented. For their shape, they have been baptized, respectively, Smiley and Hair Antennas.","PeriodicalId":6449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)","volume":"22 1","pages":"1020-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87296758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-03DOI: 10.1109/APS.2011.5997040
E. A. Marengo, Fernando Merchan, F. K. Gruber
There is much interest in the application of subspace-based signal processing techniques for wavefield imaging of scatterers from the scattering matrix [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. These approaches are part of the modern focus on so-called “qualitative” methods in inverse scattering [8]. Most of these methods are valid in the exact scattering regime including multiple scattering in which the inverse scattering problem is nonlinear.
{"title":"Imaging of scatterers using canonical correlations","authors":"E. A. Marengo, Fernando Merchan, F. K. Gruber","doi":"10.1109/APS.2011.5997040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2011.5997040","url":null,"abstract":"There is much interest in the application of subspace-based signal processing techniques for wavefield imaging of scatterers from the scattering matrix [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. These approaches are part of the modern focus on so-called “qualitative” methods in inverse scattering [8]. Most of these methods are valid in the exact scattering regime including multiple scattering in which the inverse scattering problem is nonlinear.","PeriodicalId":6449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)","volume":"22 1","pages":"2533-2536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84733582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-03DOI: 10.1109/APS.2011.5996620
R. Pirkl, K. Remley
High-resolution synthetic aperture measurements in a reverberation chamber revealed the presence of multiple scattering between the scan antenna and the measurement environment. Casting the scan antenna-environment multiple scattering as an error term with respect to a fictitious non-scattering scan antenna led to a quantitative and measurable lower bound on the scan antenna-environment interactions. Numerical simulations of this lower bound for infinitesimal dipoles in a rectangular cavity indicated that the actual measurement error was likely to be much greater than this lower bound. In this case, antenna-environment multiple scattering effects were found to be non-negligible. Future work will investigate techniques for mitigating this multiple scattering to enable accurate synthetic aperture-based angle-of-arrival measurements in reverberation chambers.
{"title":"Antenna-environment multiple scattering in reverberation chamber measurements","authors":"R. Pirkl, K. Remley","doi":"10.1109/APS.2011.5996620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2011.5996620","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution synthetic aperture measurements in a reverberation chamber revealed the presence of multiple scattering between the scan antenna and the measurement environment. Casting the scan antenna-environment multiple scattering as an error term with respect to a fictitious non-scattering scan antenna led to a quantitative and measurable lower bound on the scan antenna-environment interactions. Numerical simulations of this lower bound for infinitesimal dipoles in a rectangular cavity indicated that the actual measurement error was likely to be much greater than this lower bound. In this case, antenna-environment multiple scattering effects were found to be non-negligible. Future work will investigate techniques for mitigating this multiple scattering to enable accurate synthetic aperture-based angle-of-arrival measurements in reverberation chambers.","PeriodicalId":6449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)","volume":"26 1","pages":"1650-1653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79571075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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