Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880858
Félix-A. Lebel, Stephen K. Wilke, Ben Schweitzer, M. Roux, S. Al-Hallaj, J. Trovão
Often groups of cells in parallel are assumed to behave as one single larger unit, with homogeneous properties. Although this assumption may seem correct , it is partly false because it neglects the impact of cell to cell current variations and the self balancing currents on pack characteristics. Modeling small cells into one larger unit hinders the possibility of studying the effects of internal resistance or state-of- charge variations between cells, on current distribution and heat generation. A better understanding of the subtle interactions that usually goes unwhitnessed inside a pack is necessary to design better battery systems. This article presents a simple electro-thermal battery model based on experimental data of electrical and thermal properties of single cells., useful for design purposes or reliability assesment. The model integrates state-of -the-art cell submodels, linked together via thermal and electrical networks. Model parameters such as the entropic coefficient, internal resistance correction and open circuit voltage are interpolated using experimental lookup tables. Simulation results of a full discharge, a full recharge and an interrupted discharge are presented, as examples.
{"title":"A Lithium-Ion Battery Electro-Thermal Model of Parallellized Cells","authors":"Félix-A. Lebel, Stephen K. Wilke, Ben Schweitzer, M. Roux, S. Al-Hallaj, J. Trovão","doi":"10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880858","url":null,"abstract":"Often groups of cells in parallel are assumed to behave as one single larger unit, with homogeneous properties. Although this assumption may seem correct , it is partly false because it neglects the impact of cell to cell current variations and the self balancing currents on pack characteristics. Modeling small cells into one larger unit hinders the possibility of studying the effects of internal resistance or state-of- charge variations between cells, on current distribution and heat generation. A better understanding of the subtle interactions that usually goes unwhitnessed inside a pack is necessary to design better battery systems. This article presents a simple electro-thermal battery model based on experimental data of electrical and thermal properties of single cells., useful for design purposes or reliability assesment. The model integrates state-of -the-art cell submodels, linked together via thermal and electrical networks. Model parameters such as the entropic coefficient, internal resistance correction and open circuit voltage are interpolated using experimental lookup tables. Simulation results of a full discharge, a full recharge and an interrupted discharge are presented, as examples.","PeriodicalId":6484,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78273130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880863
H. Halabian, Mike Skof, Afshin Sahabi
In this paper, we propose Access Point Channel Capacity (ACC) as a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) for Radio Resource Management (RRM) algorithms in 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Introducing such a KPI is important especially for performance evaluation of 802.11 WLAN Self Organizing Networks (SON). ACC is a low complexity KPI that provides accurate per-AP estimate of the MAC layer potential throughput in the WLAN. The advantage of the proposed metric is that it can be derived directly from network statistics collected periodically from the access points. ACC is a vendor agnostic KPI since the required statistics are widely supported by all AP vendors and also TR-069 data model.
{"title":"A New Performance Evaluation Metric for Radio Resource Management in Wireless Local Area Networks","authors":"H. Halabian, Mike Skof, Afshin Sahabi","doi":"10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880863","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose Access Point Channel Capacity (ACC) as a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) for Radio Resource Management (RRM) algorithms in 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Introducing such a KPI is important especially for performance evaluation of 802.11 WLAN Self Organizing Networks (SON). ACC is a low complexity KPI that provides accurate per-AP estimate of the MAC layer potential throughput in the WLAN. The advantage of the proposed metric is that it can be derived directly from network statistics collected periodically from the access points. ACC is a vendor agnostic KPI since the required statistics are widely supported by all AP vendors and also TR-069 data model.","PeriodicalId":6484,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75401702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880861
Mousie Fasil, Hussein Al-Shatri, Stefan Wilk, A. Klein
Video streaming in wireless multihop networks is a challenge due to different capabilities of end-user devices and changing network conditions. This challenge is addressed at the application layer with adaptive video streaming schemes like dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH), which is widely applied by content providers. DASH copes with diverse end-user device capabilities by storing several representations of the same video such that DASH can offer a video in multiple qualities to users. Nevertheless, adjustments in DASH are solely taking place at the application layer. Especially in wireless multihop networks, adaptions on the lower layers are of particular importance. Therefore, we propose a novel application-aware cross-layer framework which adapts network support structures at the network layer, performs resource allocation at the medium access layer, switches between communication types at the physical layer and takes into account the properties and requirements of DASH at the application layer. Furthermore, we present a unified graph model, which takes into account the application layer, the network layer, the medium access layer and the physical layer jointly. We formulate a binary linear problem which chooses the optimal video representation for each user and finds the best combination of mechanisms on the lower three layers to optimally distribute the video content through the wireless multihop network. We show that our application- aware cross-layer framework which utilizes transitions leads to gains between 15-83 % compared to conventional approaches that do not switch between different mechanisms.
{"title":"A Network-Centric View on DASH in Wireless Multihop Networks","authors":"Mousie Fasil, Hussein Al-Shatri, Stefan Wilk, A. Klein","doi":"10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880861","url":null,"abstract":"Video streaming in wireless multihop networks is a challenge due to different capabilities of end-user devices and changing network conditions. This challenge is addressed at the application layer with adaptive video streaming schemes like dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH), which is widely applied by content providers. DASH copes with diverse end-user device capabilities by storing several representations of the same video such that DASH can offer a video in multiple qualities to users. Nevertheless, adjustments in DASH are solely taking place at the application layer. Especially in wireless multihop networks, adaptions on the lower layers are of particular importance. Therefore, we propose a novel application-aware cross-layer framework which adapts network support structures at the network layer, performs resource allocation at the medium access layer, switches between communication types at the physical layer and takes into account the properties and requirements of DASH at the application layer. Furthermore, we present a unified graph model, which takes into account the application layer, the network layer, the medium access layer and the physical layer jointly. We formulate a binary linear problem which chooses the optimal video representation for each user and finds the best combination of mechanisms on the lower three layers to optimally distribute the video content through the wireless multihop network. We show that our application- aware cross-layer framework which utilizes transitions leads to gains between 15-83 % compared to conventional approaches that do not switch between different mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":6484,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77855249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881957
H. El-Sayed, Gokulnath Thandavarayan
Detecting congestion in urban areas is critical and creates a myriad of complications. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which are trending in recent years, are used by researchers to engage problems related to congestion and transportation. However, due to the open access in urban area structures, it is less feasible to handle rife data that is generated from vehicles and infrastructure. On the grounds, ITS demands a reliable methodology that uses the data's effectively to detect the congestion. In this paper, we present a novel congestion estimation model for urban areas that leads to predict the congestion propagation. It uses a histogram-based model on a window time basis to make the data transfer substantially minimum and keep the system robust. Due to its simplicity, it can be practically implemented in real time for any nature of roadways. Simulation results, with different scenarios, show that the proposed model is detecting the congestion estimation effectively and leads to predict the congestion propagation for the near future.
{"title":"Urban Area Congestion Detection and Propagation Using Histogram Model","authors":"H. El-Sayed, Gokulnath Thandavarayan","doi":"10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881957","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting congestion in urban areas is critical and creates a myriad of complications. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which are trending in recent years, are used by researchers to engage problems related to congestion and transportation. However, due to the open access in urban area structures, it is less feasible to handle rife data that is generated from vehicles and infrastructure. On the grounds, ITS demands a reliable methodology that uses the data's effectively to detect the congestion. In this paper, we present a novel congestion estimation model for urban areas that leads to predict the congestion propagation. It uses a histogram-based model on a window time basis to make the data transfer substantially minimum and keep the system robust. Due to its simplicity, it can be practically implemented in real time for any nature of roadways. Simulation results, with different scenarios, show that the proposed model is detecting the congestion estimation effectively and leads to predict the congestion propagation for the near future.","PeriodicalId":6484,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78016036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881202
C. B. Math, Hong Li, S. Groot
Vehicle-to-others (V2X) communication systems intend to increase safety and efficiency of our transportation networks. However, wireless communication imperfections such as missed messages due to collisions and fading in the wireless channel, may affect safety application reliability and lead to risky situations. Thus metrics are required to evaluate the impact of communication inadequacies on the safety applications. In this paper we perform analyses of various existing safety application reliability metrics and conclude that they do not reflect safety application risk and vulnerability of individual nodes effectively. We propose a new metric called Effective Risk Factor (ERF), which quantifies the risk at a node for each link, to identify dangers due to poor awareness of their neighbors. The ERF evaluation considers links of its neighbors, thus detecting risky situations over existing neighbor links on runtime making the ERF assessment realistic. The ERF metric is evaluated and compared with other reliability metrics for a stationary vehicle warning application in a simulated highway scenario. The results show that the ERF evaluation performed at each node on runtime is able to capture a fine time scale fluctuations in the risk experienced by an application precisely. The ERF also enables prediction of higher risk situations. The results also demonstrate that the ERF captures application risk experienced by nodes effectively compared to other reliability metrics.
{"title":"Risk Assessment for Traffic Safety Applications with V2V Communications","authors":"C. B. Math, Hong Li, S. Groot","doi":"10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881202","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle-to-others (V2X) communication systems intend to increase safety and efficiency of our transportation networks. However, wireless communication imperfections such as missed messages due to collisions and fading in the wireless channel, may affect safety application reliability and lead to risky situations. Thus metrics are required to evaluate the impact of communication inadequacies on the safety applications. In this paper we perform analyses of various existing safety application reliability metrics and conclude that they do not reflect safety application risk and vulnerability of individual nodes effectively. We propose a new metric called Effective Risk Factor (ERF), which quantifies the risk at a node for each link, to identify dangers due to poor awareness of their neighbors. The ERF evaluation considers links of its neighbors, thus detecting risky situations over existing neighbor links on runtime making the ERF assessment realistic. The ERF metric is evaluated and compared with other reliability metrics for a stationary vehicle warning application in a simulated highway scenario. The results show that the ERF evaluation performed at each node on runtime is able to capture a fine time scale fluctuations in the risk experienced by an application precisely. The ERF also enables prediction of higher risk situations. The results also demonstrate that the ERF captures application risk experienced by nodes effectively compared to other reliability metrics.","PeriodicalId":6484,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75906321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881211
Yi Li, M. C. Gursoy, Senem Velipasalar
In this paper, we develop a scheduling algorithm for device-to-device (D2D) cellular networks with deadline constraints via the convex delay cost approach. At the beginning of each time slot, the algorithm allocates all available channels to the users, and each user can choose to transmit in different modes. After characterizing the transmission rates and defining the utility for each possible scheduling decision, we propose power optimization algorithms to maximize the utility for each type of decision. Our scheduling algorithm allocates each channel according to the decision that provides the maximum utility value, and it manages mode selection, channel allocation and power optimization. Via simulation results, we discuss the parameter selection for our algorithm and verify the performance improvements by allowing D2D users to share channels with other users.
{"title":"Scheduling in D2D Underlaid Cellular Networks with Deadline Constraints","authors":"Yi Li, M. C. Gursoy, Senem Velipasalar","doi":"10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881211","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we develop a scheduling algorithm for device-to-device (D2D) cellular networks with deadline constraints via the convex delay cost approach. At the beginning of each time slot, the algorithm allocates all available channels to the users, and each user can choose to transmit in different modes. After characterizing the transmission rates and defining the utility for each possible scheduling decision, we propose power optimization algorithms to maximize the utility for each type of decision. Our scheduling algorithm allocates each channel according to the decision that provides the maximum utility value, and it manages mode selection, channel allocation and power optimization. Via simulation results, we discuss the parameter selection for our algorithm and verify the performance improvements by allowing D2D users to share channels with other users.","PeriodicalId":6484,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76239538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCFALL.2016.7881234
M. Patzold, C. Gutiérrez
When modelling, analysing, and simulating mobile radio channels, it is generally assumed that the speed of the mobile station (MS) is constant. In practice, however, the mobile speed varies with time. Mobile speed variations result in nonwide- sense stationary multipath fading channels, which can be modelled by a sum-of-chirps (SOCh) processes. In this paper, we analyse the local Doppler power spectral density (PSD) of SOCh processes by using the concept of the spectrogram. The spectrogram provides an estimate of the local Doppler PSD and gives insight into how the Doppler PSD changes over time if the MS increases or decreases its speed. A closed-form solution is presented for the spectrogram of SOCh processes, which includes the spectrogram of sum-of-cisoids (SOCi) processes as a special case if the MS moves with constant speed. The results of this paper contribute to the modelling, analysis, and simulation of non-stationary mobile radio channels and provide the basis for the performance analysis of mobile communication systems under non- stationary conditions caused by mobile speed variations.
{"title":"Spectrogram Analysis of Multipath Fading Channels under Variations of the Mobile Speed","authors":"M. Patzold, C. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1109/VTCFALL.2016.7881234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFALL.2016.7881234","url":null,"abstract":"When modelling, analysing, and simulating mobile radio channels, it is generally assumed that the speed of the mobile station (MS) is constant. In practice, however, the mobile speed varies with time. Mobile speed variations result in nonwide- sense stationary multipath fading channels, which can be modelled by a sum-of-chirps (SOCh) processes. In this paper, we analyse the local Doppler power spectral density (PSD) of SOCh processes by using the concept of the spectrogram. The spectrogram provides an estimate of the local Doppler PSD and gives insight into how the Doppler PSD changes over time if the MS increases or decreases its speed. A closed-form solution is presented for the spectrogram of SOCh processes, which includes the spectrogram of sum-of-cisoids (SOCi) processes as a special case if the MS moves with constant speed. The results of this paper contribute to the modelling, analysis, and simulation of non-stationary mobile radio channels and provide the basis for the performance analysis of mobile communication systems under non- stationary conditions caused by mobile speed variations.","PeriodicalId":6484,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75774435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881167
Aashish Mathur, M. Bhatnagar, B. K. Panigrahi
Power line communication (PLC) has recently grabbed the attention of the researchers owing to its huge potential to provide high speed access to video and data. Since power lines were not initially designed for communication purposes, they offer a difficult communication environment in the form of impulsive noise and multiplicative noise, in addition to the background noise. This elucidates the need for evaluating the performance of PLC systems by taking into account all these factors. In this paper, we study the performance of a PLC system in the presence of Rayleigh channel gain under the combined effects of Nakagami-m distributed background noise with non- uniformly distributed phase and Middleton class A distributed impulsive noise. We evaluate closed- form expressions of the analytical average bit error rate for different cases depending on the presence or absence of impulsive noise and channel gain. We provide a further insight into the system by obtaining the diversity of the PLC system. Our analysis is validated by a close matching with the simulation results.
{"title":"PLC Performance Evaluation with Non-Uniform Background Noise Phase","authors":"Aashish Mathur, M. Bhatnagar, B. K. Panigrahi","doi":"10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881167","url":null,"abstract":"Power line communication (PLC) has recently grabbed the attention of the researchers owing to its huge potential to provide high speed access to video and data. Since power lines were not initially designed for communication purposes, they offer a difficult communication environment in the form of impulsive noise and multiplicative noise, in addition to the background noise. This elucidates the need for evaluating the performance of PLC systems by taking into account all these factors. In this paper, we study the performance of a PLC system in the presence of Rayleigh channel gain under the combined effects of Nakagami-m distributed background noise with non- uniformly distributed phase and Middleton class A distributed impulsive noise. We evaluate closed- form expressions of the analytical average bit error rate for different cases depending on the presence or absence of impulsive noise and channel gain. We provide a further insight into the system by obtaining the diversity of the PLC system. Our analysis is validated by a close matching with the simulation results.","PeriodicalId":6484,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75843267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881249
Hamad Ahmed, Muhammad Tahir, Khurram Ali
The need of accurate and reliable positioning in various location-aware safety critical transportation applications is increasing day by day. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is not able to provide lane-level vehicle localization without the aid of differential corrections. It also suffers from signal outages in urban areas resulting in a complete loss of location information. Therefore, GPS independent localization methods are now being developed. In this domain, inertial sensors along with a terrain map have been successfully deployed to achieve sub-meter level accuracy in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle in an urban environment. However, lateral localization of the vehicle with good accuracy and computational efficiency remains a challenging topic. Existing algorithms are computationally intensive, and do not provide location information during the process of lane change by the vehicle. This information is very crucial as the risk of potential conflict with nearby vehicles is higher during lane changes. In this paper, we present a computationally efficient method for achieving lane-level localization in a multi-lane scenario by combining the particle filter with dead- reckoning. The particle filter provides the location information about a single lane while location information during the lane change maneuvers is provided by dead-reckoning. Lane- change maneuvers are detected by constantly observing the yaw rate of the vehicle. Developing a computationally efficient algorithm enables the GPS independent localization algorithm to be run on low cost micro-controllers making its deployment feasible for packaged devices. Experiments performed on an instrumented vehicle show the superiority of the proposed algorithm on the existing ones.
{"title":"Terrain Based GPS Independent Lane-Level Vehicle Localization Using Particle Filter and Dead Reckoning","authors":"Hamad Ahmed, Muhammad Tahir, Khurram Ali","doi":"10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7881249","url":null,"abstract":"The need of accurate and reliable positioning in various location-aware safety critical transportation applications is increasing day by day. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is not able to provide lane-level vehicle localization without the aid of differential corrections. It also suffers from signal outages in urban areas resulting in a complete loss of location information. Therefore, GPS independent localization methods are now being developed. In this domain, inertial sensors along with a terrain map have been successfully deployed to achieve sub-meter level accuracy in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle in an urban environment. However, lateral localization of the vehicle with good accuracy and computational efficiency remains a challenging topic. Existing algorithms are computationally intensive, and do not provide location information during the process of lane change by the vehicle. This information is very crucial as the risk of potential conflict with nearby vehicles is higher during lane changes. In this paper, we present a computationally efficient method for achieving lane-level localization in a multi-lane scenario by combining the particle filter with dead- reckoning. The particle filter provides the location information about a single lane while location information during the lane change maneuvers is provided by dead-reckoning. Lane- change maneuvers are detected by constantly observing the yaw rate of the vehicle. Developing a computationally efficient algorithm enables the GPS independent localization algorithm to be run on low cost micro-controllers making its deployment feasible for packaged devices. Experiments performed on an instrumented vehicle show the superiority of the proposed algorithm on the existing ones.","PeriodicalId":6484,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74759583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880859
Changle Jing, Xin Wang, Bin Chen, Yue Ma, Jibo Wei
Lattice reduction (LR) aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detectors have been considered as an option to obtain near-maximum likelihood (ML) performance. We first give the analysis to show that large signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) corresponds to the short length of the dual basis vectors. Then, in order to further alleviate the complexity of LR aided MIMO detectors while maintaining acceptable performance, we study the dual-lattice reduction methods and propose a fast dual-lattice reduction (FDLR) algorithm which minimizes the orthogonality deficiency of dual-basis. And a tree search method is presented to implement the FDLR algorithm, which enables a flexible trade-off between performance and complexity. Compared to the existing dual Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz (DLLL) algorithm, out proposed FDLR algorithm requires less iteration time and yields more orthogonal basis vectors. Simulation results show that FDLR aided detectors achieve better performance and lower complexity than DLLL aided detectors, especially for large MIMO system.
{"title":"A Low-Complexity MIMO Detector Based on Fast Dual-Lattice Reduction Algorithm","authors":"Changle Jing, Xin Wang, Bin Chen, Yue Ma, Jibo Wei","doi":"10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880859","url":null,"abstract":"Lattice reduction (LR) aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detectors have been considered as an option to obtain near-maximum likelihood (ML) performance. We first give the analysis to show that large signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) corresponds to the short length of the dual basis vectors. Then, in order to further alleviate the complexity of LR aided MIMO detectors while maintaining acceptable performance, we study the dual-lattice reduction methods and propose a fast dual-lattice reduction (FDLR) algorithm which minimizes the orthogonality deficiency of dual-basis. And a tree search method is presented to implement the FDLR algorithm, which enables a flexible trade-off between performance and complexity. Compared to the existing dual Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz (DLLL) algorithm, out proposed FDLR algorithm requires less iteration time and yields more orthogonal basis vectors. Simulation results show that FDLR aided detectors achieve better performance and lower complexity than DLLL aided detectors, especially for large MIMO system.","PeriodicalId":6484,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72943253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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