Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910690
Nan Chen, Liwei Wang, M. Monge
A general analytical loss calculation method for cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter is proposed in the paper. Different from traditional averaged switching frequency approach, the loss difference between converter operating in capacitive mode and inductive mode will be reflected by the proposed method. The proposed method is generic and valid for different modulation methods covering phase-shifted and level-shifted multicarrier modulation. Analytical result by the proposed method is verified by detailed equivalent model based on Matlab circuit simulation.
{"title":"A general analytical loss calculation method of cascaded H-bridge multilevel STATCOM converters","authors":"Nan Chen, Liwei Wang, M. Monge","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910690","url":null,"abstract":"A general analytical loss calculation method for cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter is proposed in the paper. Different from traditional averaged switching frequency approach, the loss difference between converter operating in capacitive mode and inductive mode will be reflected by the proposed method. The proposed method is generic and valid for different modulation methods covering phase-shifted and level-shifted multicarrier modulation. Analytical result by the proposed method is verified by detailed equivalent model based on Matlab circuit simulation.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"223 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76686785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6911004
T. Luth, M. Merlin, T. Green
DC/DC connections between DC voltage levels in High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) schemes are useful for interconnection between links and as taps to inject/extract relatively small amounts of power. Taps with high voltage transformation ratios (such as 500 kV to 50 kV) are particularly challenging to achieve with reasonable use of semiconductor ratings. Four architectures of DC/DC converter covering both direct connection and transformer-interfaced are analysed and compared in terms of the ratio of their apparent power rating (rated current times rated current summed across all stacks of the cells) to the throughput power. It is found that the direct conversion architectures have reasonable power capacity factor only for low transformation ratios (of 2:1 or less) but the inclusion of a transformer and intermediate square-wave operation allows much wider transformation ratios with a reasonable power capacity factor. For each design the nature of the cell-balancing currents has been determined since this is a major factor in determining the total current flow in each cell stack.
{"title":"Modular multilevel DC/DC converter architectures for HVDC taps","authors":"T. Luth, M. Merlin, T. Green","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6911004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6911004","url":null,"abstract":"DC/DC connections between DC voltage levels in High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) schemes are useful for interconnection between links and as taps to inject/extract relatively small amounts of power. Taps with high voltage transformation ratios (such as 500 kV to 50 kV) are particularly challenging to achieve with reasonable use of semiconductor ratings. Four architectures of DC/DC converter covering both direct connection and transformer-interfaced are analysed and compared in terms of the ratio of their apparent power rating (rated current times rated current summed across all stacks of the cells) to the throughput power. It is found that the direct conversion architectures have reasonable power capacity factor only for low transformation ratios (of 2:1 or less) but the inclusion of a transformer and intermediate square-wave operation allows much wider transformation ratios with a reasonable power capacity factor. For each design the nature of the cell-balancing currents has been determined since this is a major factor in determining the total current flow in each cell stack.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75470629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910917
G. Camuso, N. Udugampola, V. Pathirana, T. Trajkovic, F. Udrea
Avalanche capability of 800V rated Lateral IGBTs (LIGBTs) fabricated using bulk CMOS technology has been investigated for the first time for both turn-on and turn-off. The LIGBTs have been designed for 65kHz operation in energy-efficient, compact off-line power supplies. Measurements of the device during turn-on revealed failures under high line voltages. The device was analysed using a combination of measurements and simulations which revealed that the dynamic avalanche was the cause of failure. An optimised LIGBT has been designed, simulated, fabricated and tested. The optimised device exhibits higher breakdown voltage and improved turn-on avalanche capability. Moreover, the optimised device showed improved avalanche capability during turn-off and reduced likelihood of latch-up.
{"title":"Avalanche ruggedness of 800V Lateral IGBTs in bulk Si","authors":"G. Camuso, N. Udugampola, V. Pathirana, T. Trajkovic, F. Udrea","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910917","url":null,"abstract":"Avalanche capability of 800V rated Lateral IGBTs (LIGBTs) fabricated using bulk CMOS technology has been investigated for the first time for both turn-on and turn-off. The LIGBTs have been designed for 65kHz operation in energy-efficient, compact off-line power supplies. Measurements of the device during turn-on revealed failures under high line voltages. The device was analysed using a combination of measurements and simulations which revealed that the dynamic avalanche was the cause of failure. An optimised LIGBT has been designed, simulated, fabricated and tested. The optimised device exhibits higher breakdown voltage and improved turn-on avalanche capability. Moreover, the optimised device showed improved avalanche capability during turn-off and reduced likelihood of latch-up.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"177 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75321827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910691
Michael Saur, B. Piepenbreier, Wei Xu, R. Lorenz
This paper presents the experimental evaluation of a flux linkage-based inverter loss model embedded in a deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) that achieves desired torque and minimizes losses over each switching period. The optimal flux commands are selected from those that will achieve the desired torque by using embedded dynamic flux linkage-based loss models of the machine and inverter. The proposed inverter loss model is implemented in real-time on a flux weakening interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (FW-IPMSM) test bench and evaluated experimentally. The actual inverter losses are obtained by measuring the electrical power at three different points in the test bench. In order to evaluate the loss model, comparative evaluation of the actual inverter losses versus the estimated losses have been performed under both constant stator flux and dynamic flux trajectories. Finally, losses resulting from using different widely used loss minimizing control strategies are compared.
{"title":"Implementation and evaluation of inverter loss modeling as part of DB-DTFC for loss minimization each switching period","authors":"Michael Saur, B. Piepenbreier, Wei Xu, R. Lorenz","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910691","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the experimental evaluation of a flux linkage-based inverter loss model embedded in a deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) that achieves desired torque and minimizes losses over each switching period. The optimal flux commands are selected from those that will achieve the desired torque by using embedded dynamic flux linkage-based loss models of the machine and inverter. The proposed inverter loss model is implemented in real-time on a flux weakening interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (FW-IPMSM) test bench and evaluated experimentally. The actual inverter losses are obtained by measuring the electrical power at three different points in the test bench. In order to evaluate the loss model, comparative evaluation of the actual inverter losses versus the estimated losses have been performed under both constant stator flux and dynamic flux trajectories. Finally, losses resulting from using different widely used loss minimizing control strategies are compared.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"89 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75644799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910843
Khiem Nguyen-Duy, Z. Ouyang, A. Knott, M. Andersen
In an isolated power supply, the inter-winding parasitic capacitance plays a vital role in the mitigation of common mode noise currents created by fast voltage transient responses. The lower the transformer inter-winding capacitance, the more immune the power supply is to fast voltage transient responses. This requirement is even more critical for modular stacking applications in which multiple power supplies are stacked. This paper addresses the issue by presenting a detailed analysis and design of an unconventional isolated power supply that uses a ring core transformer with a very low inter-winding parasitic capacitance of 10 pF. Considering its output power of 300 W, this approach yields about 0.033 pF/W inter-winding capacitance over output power, approximately thirty times lower than existing approaches in the literature. This makes the converter a suitable solution for modular stacking of fast voltage switching applications. Mathematical derivation of the inter-winding capacitance and experiments are carried out to prove the validity of the approach.
{"title":"Minimization of the transformer inter-winding parasitic capacitance for modular stacking power supply applications","authors":"Khiem Nguyen-Duy, Z. Ouyang, A. Knott, M. Andersen","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910843","url":null,"abstract":"In an isolated power supply, the inter-winding parasitic capacitance plays a vital role in the mitigation of common mode noise currents created by fast voltage transient responses. The lower the transformer inter-winding capacitance, the more immune the power supply is to fast voltage transient responses. This requirement is even more critical for modular stacking applications in which multiple power supplies are stacked. This paper addresses the issue by presenting a detailed analysis and design of an unconventional isolated power supply that uses a ring core transformer with a very low inter-winding parasitic capacitance of 10 pF. Considering its output power of 300 W, this approach yields about 0.033 pF/W inter-winding capacitance over output power, approximately thirty times lower than existing approaches in the literature. This makes the converter a suitable solution for modular stacking of fast voltage switching applications. Mathematical derivation of the inter-winding capacitance and experiments are carried out to prove the validity of the approach.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"75 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74825930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910815
K. H. Leung, K. Loo, Y. Lai
Power-factor pre-regulators generally suffer from poor dynamic response due to the need to limit the propagation of output voltage ripple at double line frequency into the voltage control loop and to achieve a satisfactory power factor performance. Ripple cancellation methods have been proposed to eliminate the double-line-frequency signal from the sampled output voltage before it propagates into the voltage control loop. However, these methods generally employ idealized formulations that give rise to accurate ripple estimation over a limited range of operating conditions only. In this paper, a new ripple estimation/ cancellation circuit that does not rely on such idealized formulations is proposed. It consists of an independent amplitude tuner circuit and a phase shifter circuit that can provide accurate ripple estimation over a wide range of operating conditions. The proposed circuit is analyzed in detail and verified theoretically by computer simulation. It is shown that ripple cancellation provides a way to decouple the pre-regulator's power factor from its controller's bandwidth and load condition, thus both fast dynamic response and constant near-unity power factor can be achieved.
{"title":"Precise ripple cancellation technique for power-factor pre-regulator circuits","authors":"K. H. Leung, K. Loo, Y. Lai","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910815","url":null,"abstract":"Power-factor pre-regulators generally suffer from poor dynamic response due to the need to limit the propagation of output voltage ripple at double line frequency into the voltage control loop and to achieve a satisfactory power factor performance. Ripple cancellation methods have been proposed to eliminate the double-line-frequency signal from the sampled output voltage before it propagates into the voltage control loop. However, these methods generally employ idealized formulations that give rise to accurate ripple estimation over a limited range of operating conditions only. In this paper, a new ripple estimation/ cancellation circuit that does not rely on such idealized formulations is proposed. It consists of an independent amplitude tuner circuit and a phase shifter circuit that can provide accurate ripple estimation over a wide range of operating conditions. The proposed circuit is analyzed in detail and verified theoretically by computer simulation. It is shown that ripple cancellation provides a way to decouple the pre-regulator's power factor from its controller's bandwidth and load condition, thus both fast dynamic response and constant near-unity power factor can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"83 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73809295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910984
W. Ouyang
This paper describes the general design considerations and analysis for an industrial size electro-static (ES) motor/generator. The operation fundamentals, combined with FE (Finite Element) analysis are discussed with the target operation in the outer space or vacuumed environment. The torque production and limitations with high voltage electric field are analyzed and compared with conventional frame size electric machines.
{"title":"Electro-static machine design considerations for outer-space applications","authors":"W. Ouyang","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910984","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the general design considerations and analysis for an industrial size electro-static (ES) motor/generator. The operation fundamentals, combined with FE (Finite Element) analysis are discussed with the target operation in the outer space or vacuumed environment. The torque production and limitations with high voltage electric field are analyzed and compared with conventional frame size electric machines.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73958322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910893
S. Yeoh, Fei Gao, S. Bozhko, G. Asher
The paper deals with the control design of aircraft starter-generator system based on permanent magnet machine fed by active front end rectifier. The analysis of the starter-generator system can be split into 2 parts; starter and generator mode. Their respective control structures are proposed along with mathematical equations that represent the power system. Direct current field weakening method is selected for this high speed application while DC current control is considered during the generator mode. The nature of dynamic limiter employed along with the field weakening controller creates 2 states of operation. Linearized open loop plant models for both starter and generator modes are derived. The plants are verified with equivalent linear and non-linear Simulink models. Appropriate controllers are designed based on the closed loop analysis.
{"title":"Control design for PMM-based starter generator system for More Electric Aircraft","authors":"S. Yeoh, Fei Gao, S. Bozhko, G. Asher","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910893","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the control design of aircraft starter-generator system based on permanent magnet machine fed by active front end rectifier. The analysis of the starter-generator system can be split into 2 parts; starter and generator mode. Their respective control structures are proposed along with mathematical equations that represent the power system. Direct current field weakening method is selected for this high speed application while DC current control is considered during the generator mode. The nature of dynamic limiter employed along with the field weakening controller creates 2 states of operation. Linearized open loop plant models for both starter and generator modes are derived. The plants are verified with equivalent linear and non-linear Simulink models. Appropriate controllers are designed based on the closed loop analysis.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84790148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910920
H. Soltani, P. Loh, F. Blaabjerg, Firuz Zare
The theme here is to identify the sources of interharmonics that can affect back-to-back controllable drives and make non-characteristic interharmonic components in the grid side currents when the motor currents are unbalanced. A new control methodology then is formulated and proposed to compensate for the sources, leading to undistorted grid currents, which are growingly important as more drives are tied to the grid. It is shown that in the case of back-to-back controllable drives it is possible to reduce the input current interharmonic distortion caused by motor current imbalance.
{"title":"Sources and mitigation of interharmonics in back-to-back controllable drives","authors":"H. Soltani, P. Loh, F. Blaabjerg, Firuz Zare","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910920","url":null,"abstract":"The theme here is to identify the sources of interharmonics that can affect back-to-back controllable drives and make non-characteristic interharmonic components in the grid side currents when the motor currents are unbalanced. A new control methodology then is formulated and proposed to compensate for the sources, leading to undistorted grid currents, which are growingly important as more drives are tied to the grid. It is shown that in the case of back-to-back controllable drives it is possible to reduce the input current interharmonic distortion caused by motor current imbalance.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84652921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910837
T. Ouchi, A. Kanouda, Naoya Takahashi, M. Moteki
A scalable parallel bidirectional DC-DC converter system, which enables efficient seamless control using an H-bridge topology, was developed and evaluated. Although the unified control structure is simple, four drive-mode, both charge and discharge with buck/boost, can be handled. The proposed system was extended for use in simple parallel converter management. This scheme achieves high efficiency over a wide load range, especially for light loads. The only hardware required is a power line and communication cable connection. All other functions are provided by software and operate autonomously. A 5-kW prototype converter was constructed and evaluated, and a four-unit parallel converter system was tested and confirmed to work well, changing load between 20-kW discharge and 20-kW charge.
{"title":"Seamless controlled parallel bi-directional DC-DC converter for energy storage system","authors":"T. Ouchi, A. Kanouda, Naoya Takahashi, M. Moteki","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910837","url":null,"abstract":"A scalable parallel bidirectional DC-DC converter system, which enables efficient seamless control using an H-bridge topology, was developed and evaluated. Although the unified control structure is simple, four drive-mode, both charge and discharge with buck/boost, can be handled. The proposed system was extended for use in simple parallel converter management. This scheme achieves high efficiency over a wide load range, especially for light loads. The only hardware required is a power line and communication cable connection. All other functions are provided by software and operate autonomously. A 5-kW prototype converter was constructed and evaluated, and a four-unit parallel converter system was tested and confirmed to work well, changing load between 20-kW discharge and 20-kW charge.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85259067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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