Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910911
J. Hannonen, J. Honkanen, J. Strom, P. Silventoinen, S. Raisanen
The use of digital control in switching mode power supplies has increased as the performance of programmable controller circuits have advanced. The use of digital control provides possibility to run monitoring, prognostics and maintenance functions alongside the system core control functions. This paper suggests a model based online condition monitoring method for DC-DC power supply, based on Luenberger state observer. It is shown that abnormal operating conditions, such as increased losses in main circuit, can be detected by monitoring the state observer adaptation value variations.
{"title":"Luenberger state observer based condition monitoring method in digitally controlled switching mode power supply","authors":"J. Hannonen, J. Honkanen, J. Strom, P. Silventoinen, S. Raisanen","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910911","url":null,"abstract":"The use of digital control in switching mode power supplies has increased as the performance of programmable controller circuits have advanced. The use of digital control provides possibility to run monitoring, prognostics and maintenance functions alongside the system core control functions. This paper suggests a model based online condition monitoring method for DC-DC power supply, based on Luenberger state observer. It is shown that abnormal operating conditions, such as increased losses in main circuit, can be detected by monitoring the state observer adaptation value variations.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88624527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910973
C. Ditmanson, Stefan Kolb
Distributed control solutions are being pursued for new modular converter topologies. In this paper, a novel distributed control system is presented for a modular wind turbine drive with 12 parallel converter modules, where each module has a local control platform and two central control units are used, one active and one redundant unit. A comparison is done of ring versus star network topologies, and it is concluded that the star topology has the advantages of lower latency, higher bandwidth, and better synchronization and the drawbacks of a complex central controller and lower scalability. Analysis is done for fault-tolerant, synchronized operation with a redundant star network topology using 100BASE-TX Ethernet for communications. Furthermore, small custom Ethernet data packets transmitted at regular intervals are used which provides benefits of ensured data integrity, low signal latency, and simple synchronization. Experimental results demonstrate ca. 20 ns synchronization precision, and interruption-free fault tolerance.
{"title":"A distributed and fault-tolerant control system for a new modular wind turbine converter","authors":"C. Ditmanson, Stefan Kolb","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910973","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed control solutions are being pursued for new modular converter topologies. In this paper, a novel distributed control system is presented for a modular wind turbine drive with 12 parallel converter modules, where each module has a local control platform and two central control units are used, one active and one redundant unit. A comparison is done of ring versus star network topologies, and it is concluded that the star topology has the advantages of lower latency, higher bandwidth, and better synchronization and the drawbacks of a complex central controller and lower scalability. Analysis is done for fault-tolerant, synchronized operation with a redundant star network topology using 100BASE-TX Ethernet for communications. Furthermore, small custom Ethernet data packets transmitted at regular intervals are used which provides benefits of ensured data integrity, low signal latency, and simple synchronization. Experimental results demonstrate ca. 20 ns synchronization precision, and interruption-free fault tolerance.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88815796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910961
P. Nuutinen, A. Mattsson, T. Kaipia, P. Peltoniemi, A. Pinomaa, A. Lana, J. Karppanen, P. Silventoinen
A low-voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution system comprises a rectifier, a DC network, and customer-end inverters (CEI) responsible for the AC supply to the electricity end-users. The CEIs can be implemented as single-phase or three-phase ones; in this paper, feasible single- and three-phase topologies are introduced and their losses are calculated using nine different power switches. Three commercially available IGBT, MOSFET, and SiC MOSFET power switches are selected for comparison. In this application, a galvanic isolation between the DC network and the customer is required. The isolation is implemented by using an isolating DC/DC converter at the CEI supply, and therefore, the input voltage of the CEI can be different from the DC network voltage. In this paper, the effect of the supply voltage level on the losses of the CEI is calculated for the nine power transistors in single- and three-phase topologies.
{"title":"Power electronic losses of a customer-end inverter in low-voltage direct current distribution","authors":"P. Nuutinen, A. Mattsson, T. Kaipia, P. Peltoniemi, A. Pinomaa, A. Lana, J. Karppanen, P. Silventoinen","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910961","url":null,"abstract":"A low-voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution system comprises a rectifier, a DC network, and customer-end inverters (CEI) responsible for the AC supply to the electricity end-users. The CEIs can be implemented as single-phase or three-phase ones; in this paper, feasible single- and three-phase topologies are introduced and their losses are calculated using nine different power switches. Three commercially available IGBT, MOSFET, and SiC MOSFET power switches are selected for comparison. In this application, a galvanic isolation between the DC network and the customer is required. The isolation is implemented by using an isolating DC/DC converter at the CEI supply, and therefore, the input voltage of the CEI can be different from the DC network voltage. In this paper, the effect of the supply voltage level on the losses of the CEI is calculated for the nine power transistors in single- and three-phase topologies.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88822685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910793
M. Simon, M. Murken, Christian Augustin, J. Pforr
A novel family of multi-port converters with bidirectional energy flow has been investigated for low-voltage high-current automotive energy-net applications. An example is given of a three-port converter designed for the 14 V/42 V automotive energy net and providing the possibility to also connect a double-layer capacitor to relieve the battery from excessive current stress and to stabilize the energy net voltages. The proposed three-port converter requires only three MOSFETS as switching devices. Analyses have been performed to investigate the suitability of the multi-port converter for the given application and a prototype converter has been built and tested to prove theoretical predictions. Measurements are in good correlations with results from the analysis.
{"title":"Multi-Port Converter with bidirectional energy flow for automotive energy net applications","authors":"M. Simon, M. Murken, Christian Augustin, J. Pforr","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910793","url":null,"abstract":"A novel family of multi-port converters with bidirectional energy flow has been investigated for low-voltage high-current automotive energy-net applications. An example is given of a three-port converter designed for the 14 V/42 V automotive energy net and providing the possibility to also connect a double-layer capacitor to relieve the battery from excessive current stress and to stabilize the energy net voltages. The proposed three-port converter requires only three MOSFETS as switching devices. Analyses have been performed to investigate the suitability of the multi-port converter for the given application and a prototype converter has been built and tested to prove theoretical predictions. Measurements are in good correlations with results from the analysis.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88829879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6911019
M. Radecker, Yujia Yang, Andre Nicollini, Li Le, K. Lang, Paula D. Kruse, Karin R. Feistel, Lucas Teixeira, Daniel Dennstedt, M. Herfurth
A modular interleaving power cell system for input voltage range of 19-265 V DC or AC consists of 15 or 6 Watts cells, operates at fixed frequency. A boost stage providing PFC, and an isolating regenerative snubber fly-back stage delivering 30 V DC at the output is combined.
输入电压范围为19-265 V直流或交流的模块化交错动力电池系统由15或6瓦的电池组成，在固定频率下工作。提供PFC的升压级和在输出端提供30 V DC的隔离再生缓冲器反激级相结合。
{"title":"A wide range power cell for modular interleaving supplies","authors":"M. Radecker, Yujia Yang, Andre Nicollini, Li Le, K. Lang, Paula D. Kruse, Karin R. Feistel, Lucas Teixeira, Daniel Dennstedt, M. Herfurth","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6911019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6911019","url":null,"abstract":"A modular interleaving power cell system for input voltage range of 19-265 V DC or AC consists of 15 or 6 Watts cells, operates at fixed frequency. A boost stage providing PFC, and an isolating regenerative snubber fly-back stage delivering 30 V DC at the output is combined.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"234 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91454839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910921
Jingzhe Wu, M. Balchin
This paper proposes a novel position/speed estimation method for a special type of armature side excited synchronous machine, namely heteropolar inductor machines, by taking advantage of the machines' unique structural characteristics. The field winding characteristics of heteropolar inductor machines are analyzed firstly. Analytical approaches for developing q-axis position and rotor speed estimation algorithm are then discussed, based only on terminal voltage and current measurements. Finally the validity of theories is supported by practical experiments, and the performance of estimations of position and speed under both steady state and transient conditions are shown by experiments in a prototype machine.
{"title":"A novel sensorless position and speed estimation method for heteropolar inductor machines","authors":"Jingzhe Wu, M. Balchin","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910921","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel position/speed estimation method for a special type of armature side excited synchronous machine, namely heteropolar inductor machines, by taking advantage of the machines' unique structural characteristics. The field winding characteristics of heteropolar inductor machines are analyzed firstly. Analytical approaches for developing q-axis position and rotor speed estimation algorithm are then discussed, based only on terminal voltage and current measurements. Finally the validity of theories is supported by practical experiments, and the performance of estimations of position and speed under both steady state and transient conditions are shown by experiments in a prototype machine.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"99 2","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91459722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910963
V. Dzhankhotov, A. Mikerov, L. Laurila, J. Pyrhonen
This paper considers a new system structure, which does not require current sensors for control and is optimized for medium- and small-power drives with strict requirements on precision. The main difference between traditional vector control and the proposed structure is a direct axis current compensator (DACC). DACC simplifies the control algorithms and cheapens the control hardware, in particular, making phase current sensors unneeded. Experimental results showing similarity of the traditional and proposed structures are presented. In conclusion, advantages and drawbacks of the proposed method are comprehensively analyzed.
{"title":"An alternative structure of the PMSM drive vector control","authors":"V. Dzhankhotov, A. Mikerov, L. Laurila, J. Pyrhonen","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910963","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers a new system structure, which does not require current sensors for control and is optimized for medium- and small-power drives with strict requirements on precision. The main difference between traditional vector control and the proposed structure is a direct axis current compensator (DACC). DACC simplifies the control algorithms and cheapens the control hardware, in particular, making phase current sensors unneeded. Experimental results showing similarity of the traditional and proposed structures are presented. In conclusion, advantages and drawbacks of the proposed method are comprehensively analyzed.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91539084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910781
C. Sanabria-Walter
More-Electric flight is one of the main objectives of the aerospace industry for the future. For aerospace applications, electrical machines providing high torque density are paramount for the viability of direct-drive electrical propulsion of aircraft. Besides low-weight and high torque capability, a candidate solution should also be inherently fault tolerant for it to be used in aerospace. For these reasons a first solution based on Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet (FSPM) machines for an exemplary application of a helicopter main rotor drive was investigated, since these machines have shown high torque-to-weight ratios and high efficiency during research in the last decade. Despite this, the task of designing a machine appropriate for this application goes beyond the electromagnetic design and into the area of mechanical design much deeper than for traditional designs: The lightweight nature of such an iron-based machine makes the design of support structures and airgap control challenging and requires unconventional approaches. This paper presents the main design steps and first experimental results for such a machine.
{"title":"Design of a 600kW ring-type direct-drive Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet machine for aerospace main propulsion","authors":"C. Sanabria-Walter","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910781","url":null,"abstract":"More-Electric flight is one of the main objectives of the aerospace industry for the future. For aerospace applications, electrical machines providing high torque density are paramount for the viability of direct-drive electrical propulsion of aircraft. Besides low-weight and high torque capability, a candidate solution should also be inherently fault tolerant for it to be used in aerospace. For these reasons a first solution based on Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet (FSPM) machines for an exemplary application of a helicopter main rotor drive was investigated, since these machines have shown high torque-to-weight ratios and high efficiency during research in the last decade. Despite this, the task of designing a machine appropriate for this application goes beyond the electromagnetic design and into the area of mechanical design much deeper than for traditional designs: The lightweight nature of such an iron-based machine makes the design of support structures and airgap control challenging and requires unconventional approaches. This paper presents the main design steps and first experimental results for such a machine.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90707549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910918
M. Zdanowski, J. Rąbkowski, R. Barlik
This paper discusses design issues of the high-frequency, four-leg interleaved DC/DC boost converter (6kW/650V ) that combines high efficiency with high power density. Low switching energies of the applied SiC MOSFETs and Schottky diodes offer operation at high switching frequency. Together with suitable phase-shift of the control signals this leads to input/output current frequency multiplication up to 0.5MHz. Such a high frequencies and cancellation of the current ripples result in a significant reduction of the passive components, especially input inductors. The paper contains discussion of the converter operation and special solution the MOSFET gate drivers with CPLD logic. A design study regarding SiC semiconductors, inductors and cooling system, is also provided. Discussed issues are illustrated by simulation and experimental results. The 4×125kHz DC/DC boost converter (volume 0,75dm3) reaches efficiency close to 99% at nominal power of 6kW.
{"title":"Design issues of the high-frequency interleaved DC/DC boost converter with Silicon Carbide MOSFETs","authors":"M. Zdanowski, J. Rąbkowski, R. Barlik","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910918","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses design issues of the high-frequency, four-leg interleaved DC/DC boost converter (6kW/650V ) that combines high efficiency with high power density. Low switching energies of the applied SiC MOSFETs and Schottky diodes offer operation at high switching frequency. Together with suitable phase-shift of the control signals this leads to input/output current frequency multiplication up to 0.5MHz. Such a high frequencies and cancellation of the current ripples result in a significant reduction of the passive components, especially input inductors. The paper contains discussion of the converter operation and special solution the MOSFET gate drivers with CPLD logic. A design study regarding SiC semiconductors, inductors and cooling system, is also provided. Discussed issues are illustrated by simulation and experimental results. The 4×125kHz DC/DC boost converter (volume 0,75dm3) reaches efficiency close to 99% at nominal power of 6kW.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91049378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2014.6910695
J. Viinamaki, Jyri Kivimaki, T. Suntio, L. Hietalahti
This paper investigates the benefits which can be obtained if the maximum output current of a photovoltaic (PV) generator is taken into account in the design of a boost-power-stage converter. The investigations clearly show that the benefits are smaller inductor core size and more uniform temperature distribution among the power electronic components compared to the conventional design method. It will also be shown how to make the design with small input capacitor and how to take the power decoupling into account in the design process.
{"title":"Design of boost-power-stage converter for PV generator interfacing","authors":"J. Viinamaki, Jyri Kivimaki, T. Suntio, L. Hietalahti","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2014.6910695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6910695","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the benefits which can be obtained if the maximum output current of a photovoltaic (PV) generator is taken into account in the design of a boost-power-stage converter. The investigations clearly show that the benefits are smaller inductor core size and more uniform temperature distribution among the power electronic components compared to the conventional design method. It will also be shown how to make the design with small input capacitor and how to take the power decoupling into account in the design process.","PeriodicalId":6508,"journal":{"name":"2014 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications","volume":"52 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73549411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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