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Low-temperature oxidation of methane mediated by Al-doped ZnO cluster and nanowire: a first-principles investigation 铝掺杂氧化锌团簇和纳米线介导的甲烷低温氧化:第一原理研究。
IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06168-9
Mehdi D. Esrafili

Context

First-principles calculations are performed to investigate the catalytic oxidation of methane by using N2O as an oxidizing agent over aluminum (Al)-doped Zn12O12 cluster and (Zn12O12)2 nanowire. The impact of Al impurity on the geometry, electronic structure, and surface reactivity of Zn12O12 and (Zn12O12)2 is thoroughly studied. Our study demonstrates that Al-doped ZnO systems have a better adsorption ability than the corresponding pristine counterparts. It is found that N2O molecule is initially decomposed on the Al site to provide the N2 molecule, and an Al–O intermediate which is an active species for the CH4 oxidation. The conversion of CH4 into CH3OH over AlZn11O12 and (AlZn11O12)2 requires an activation energy of 0.45 and 0.29 eV, respectively, indicating it can be easily performed at normal temperatures. Besides, the overoxidation of methanol into formaldehyde cannot take place over the AlZn11O12 and (AlZn11O12)2, due to the high energy barrier needed to dissociate C–H bond of the CH3O intermediate.

Method

Dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations were performed through GGA-PBE exchange–correlation functional combined with a numerical double-ζ plus polarization (DNP) basis set as implemented in DMol3. To include the relativistic effects of core electrons of Zn atoms, DFT-semicore pseudopotentials were adopted. The DFT + D scheme proposed by Grimme was used to involve weak dispersion interactions within the DFT calculations. The reaction energy paths were generated by the minimum energy path calculations using the NEB method.

背景:通过第一性原理计算,研究了以 N2O 为氧化剂在铝(Al)掺杂的 Zn12O12 簇和 (Zn12O12)2 纳米线上催化氧化甲烷的过程。我们深入研究了铝杂质对 Zn12O12 和 (Zn12O12)2 的几何形状、电子结构和表面反应活性的影响。我们的研究表明,与相应的原始氧化锌系统相比,掺铝氧化锌系统具有更好的吸附能力。研究发现,N2O 分子最初在 Al 位点上分解,生成 N2 分子和 Al-O 中间体,后者是 CH4 氧化的活性物种。在 AlZn11O12 和 (AlZn11O12)2 上将 CH4 转化为 CH3OH 所需的活化能分别为 0.45 和 0.29 eV,这表明它可以在常温下轻松实现。此外,在 AlZn11O12 和 (AlZn11O12)2 上无法将甲醇过氧化成甲醛,这是因为解离 CH3O 中间体的 C-H 键需要很高的能量势垒:弥散校正密度泛函理论计算是通过 GGA-PBE 交换相关函数结合 DMol3 中实现的数值双ζ加极化(DNP)基集进行的。为了包含锌原子核心电子的相对论效应,采用了 DFT-semicore 伪势。在 DFT 计算中采用了 Grimme 提出的 DFT + D 方案来涉及弱色散相互作用。反应能量路径是通过 NEB 方法的最小能量路径计算生成的。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing KICK-MEP: exploring potential energy surfaces in systems with significant non-covalent interactions 介绍 KICK-MEP:探索具有显著非共价相互作用的系统中的势能面。
IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06155-0
Williams García-Argote, Lina Ruiz, Diego Inostroza, Carlos Cardenas, Osvaldo Yañez, William Tiznado

Context

Exploring potential energy surfaces (PES) is fundamental in computational chemistry, as it provides insights into the relationship between molecular energy, geometry, and chemical reactivity. We introduce Kick-MEP, a hybrid method for exploring the PES of atomic and molecular clusters, particularly those dominated by non-covalent interactions. Kick-MEP computes the Coulomb integral between the maximum and minimum electrostatic potential values on a 0.001 a.u. electron density isosurface for two interacting fragments. This approach efficiently estimates interaction energies and selects low-energy configurations at reduced computational cost. Kick-MEP was evaluated on silicon-lithium clusters, water clusters, and thymol encapsulated within Cucurbit[7]uril, consistently identifying the lowest energy structures, including global minima and relevant local minima.

Methods

Kick-MEP generates an initial population of molecular structures using the stochastic Kick algorithm, which combines two molecular fragments (A and B). The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) values on a 0.001 a.u. electron density isosurface for each fragment are used to compute the Coulomb integral between them. Structures with the lowest Coulomb integral are selected and refined through gradient-based optimization and DFT calculations at the PBE0-D3/Def2-TZVP level. Molecular docking simulations for the thymol-Cucurbit[7]uril complex using AutoDock Vina were performed for benchmarking. Kick-MEP was validated across different molecular systems, demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying the lowest energy structures, including global minima and relevant local minima, while maintaining a low computational cost.

背景:探索势能面(PES)是计算化学的基础,因为它能让我们深入了解分子能量、几何形状和化学反应性之间的关系。我们介绍的 Kick-MEP 是一种混合方法,用于探索原子团簇和分子团簇的势能面,尤其是那些由非共价相互作用主导的原子团簇和分子团簇的势能面。Kick-MEP 计算两个相互作用片段在 0.001 a.u. 电子密度等值面上最大和最小静电势值之间的库仑积分。这种方法可以有效地估算相互作用能量,并以较低的计算成本选择低能配置。Kick-MEP 在硅锂团簇、水团簇和包裹在葫芦[7]脲中的百里酚上进行了评估,一致确定了最低能量结构,包括全局最小值和相关局部最小值:Kick-MEP 使用随机 Kick 算法生成初始分子结构群,该算法结合了两个分子片段(A 和 B)。每个片段在 0.001 a.u. 电子密度等值面上的分子静电势(MEP)值用于计算它们之间的库仑积分。通过基于梯度的优化和 PBE0-D3/Def2-TZVP 水平的 DFT 计算,选出库仑积分最低的结构并加以完善。使用 AutoDock Vina 对百里酚-葫芦[7]脲复合物进行了分子对接模拟,以进行基准测试。Kick-MEP 在不同的分子体系中都得到了验证,证明了其在识别最低能量结构(包括全局最小值和相关局部最小值)方面的有效性,同时保持了较低的计算成本。
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引用次数: 0
Unimolecular isomerizations of C6H6•+ radical cations: a computational study C6H6-+ 自由基阳离子的单分子异构化:计算研究。
IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06148-z
Kiew S. Kharnaior, Asit K. Chandra, R. H. Duncan Lyngdoh

Concept

Eighteen concerted isomerization reactions of various C6H6•+ radical cation (RC) species are studied and found to proceed via well-defined transition states, whose relative positions along the reaction pathway generally agree with Hammond’s postulate. From the barrier heights, the rate coefficients of these reactions are estimated by using transition state theory, and the activation energies are computed. Through combination among themselves, these 18 isomerizations yielded 15 multi-step conversion routes of various C6H6•+ species to the lowest energy benzene radical cation isomer 1, which routes are compared.

Methods

Use is made of DFT with the B3LYP and M06-2X functionals, along with the CBS-QB3 approach to arrive at better energies. From the barrier heights for each of the concerted reactions, canonical transition state theory was applied to evaluate rate coefficients k over the temperature range 200–500 K. The Arrhenius activation energies were computed using the plot of ln k vs. 1/T.

概念:研究发现,各种 C6H6-+ 自由基阳离子 (RC) 物种的 18 个协同异构化反应都是通过定义明确的过渡态进行的,这些过渡态在反应路径上的相对位置与哈蒙德假设基本吻合。根据障碍高度,利用过渡态理论估算出了这些反应的速率系数,并计算出了活化能。通过相互组合,这 18 种异构化反应产生了从各种 C6H6-+ 物种到能量最低的苯自由基阳离子异构体 1 的 15 种多步转化路线,并对这些路线进行了比较:方法:利用 B3LYP 和 M06-2X 函数的 DFT 以及 CBS-QB3 方法得出了更好的能量。根据每个协同反应的势垒高度,应用典型过渡态理论评估了 200-500 K 温度范围内的速率系数 k。
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引用次数: 0
Non-covalent interactions and charge transfer in the CO(_{2}) activation by low-valent group 14 complexes 低价 14 族络合物激活 CO 2 的非共价相互作用和电荷转移。
IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06150-5
Carlos Castillo-Orellana, Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez, Nery Villegas-Escobar
<div><h3>Context</h3><p>The CO<span>(_{2})</span> activation by low-valent group 14 catalysts encompasses the rupture of varied covalent bonds in a single transition state through a concerted pathway. The bond between the central main group atom and the hydride in the complex is elongated to trigger the formation of the C–H bond with CO<span>(_{2})</span> accompanied by the concomitant formation of the E–O bond between the complex and CO<span>(_{2})</span> to lead the corresponding formate product. Prior studies have established that besides the apolar nature of CO<span>(_{2})</span>, its initial interaction with the complex is primarily governed by electrostatic interactions. Notably, other stabilizing interactions and the transfer of charge between catalysts and CO<span>(_{2})</span> during the initial phases of the reaction have been ignored. In this study, we have quantified the non-covalent interactions and charge transfer that facilitate the activation of CO<span>(_{2})</span> by group 14 main group complex. Our findings indicate that electrostatic interactions predominantly stabilize the complex and CO<span>(_{2})</span> in the reactant region. However, induction energy becomes the main stabilizing force as the reaction progresses towards the transition state, surpassing electrostatics. Induction contributes about 50% to the stabilization at the transition state, followed by electrostatics (40%) and dispersion interactions (10%). Atomic charges calculated with the minimal basis iterative stockholder (MBIS) method reveal larger charge transfer for the back-side reaction path in which CO<span>(_{2})</span> approaches the catalysts in contrast to the front-side approach. Notably, it was discovered that a minor initial bending of CO<span>(_{2})</span> to approximately <span>(176^circ )</span> initiates the charge transfer process for all systems. Furthermore, our investigation of group 14 elements demonstrates a systematic reduction in both activation energies and charge transfer to CO<span>(_{2})</span> while descending in group 14.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>All studied reactions were characterized along the reaction coordinate obtained with the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) methodology at the M06-2X/6-31 g(d,p) level of theory. Gibbs free energy in toluene was computed using electronic energies at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ-SSD(E) level of theory. Vibrational and translational entropy corrections were applied to provide a more accurate description of the obtained Gibbs free energies. To better characterize the changes in the reaction coordinate for all reactions, the reaction force analysis (RFA) has been employed. It enables the partition of the reaction coordinate into the reactant, transition state, and product regions where different stages of the mechanism occur. A detailed characterization of the main non-covalent driving forces in the initial stages of the activation of CO<span>(_{2})</span> by low-valent group 14 complexes was perfo
背景:低价 14 族催化剂对 CO 2 的活化作用包括在单一过渡态中通过协同途径断裂各种共价键。中央主基团原子与络合物中氢化物之间的键被拉长,从而引发与 CO 2 形成 C-H 键,同时络合物与 CO 2 之间形成 E-O 键,从而产生相应的甲酸酯产物。先前的研究已经证实,除了 CO 2 的无极性之外,它与复合物的初始相互作用主要受静电作用的支配。值得注意的是,我们忽略了反应初始阶段催化剂与 CO 2 之间的其他稳定作用和电荷转移。在本研究中,我们对促进第 14 组主基团复合物活化 CO 2 的非共价相互作用和电荷转移进行了量化。我们的研究结果表明,静电相互作用主要稳定了反应物区域的络合物和 CO 2。然而,随着反应向过渡态发展,感应能超越静电作用,成为主要的稳定力量。感应能对过渡态的稳定作用约占 50%,其次是静电(40%)和分散相互作用(10%)。用最小基迭代持股法(MBIS)计算的原子电荷显示,在 CO 2 接近催化剂的背面反应路径中,电荷转移比正面反应路径大。值得注意的是,我们发现 CO 2 稍微弯曲至约 176 ∘ 的初始位置会启动所有体系的电荷转移过程。此外,我们对 14 族元素的研究表明,当 14 族元素下降时,活化能和向 CO 2 的电荷转移都会系统地降低:方法:所有研究的反应都是根据 M06-2X/6-31 g(d,p) 理论水平的本征反应坐标(IRC)方法得到的反应坐标进行表征的。使用 DLPNO-CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ-SSD(E)理论水平的电子能量计算了甲苯中的吉布斯自由能。为了更准确地描述得到的吉布斯自由能,还应用了振动和平移熵修正。为了更好地描述所有反应的反应坐标变化,采用了反应力分析(RFA)。它可以将反应坐标划分为反应物区域、过渡态区域和产物区域,在这些区域中会出现机理的不同阶段。利用对称适应扰动理论(SAPT)详细分析了低价 14 族配合物活化 CO 2 初始阶段的主要非共价驱动力。这些计算采用了 SAPT0-CT/def2-SVP 方法。此外,还利用 MBIS 方案获得了基于原子群的电荷转移描述符,以补充 SAPT 分析。
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引用次数: 0
How to search for and reveal a hidden intermediate? The ELF topological description of non-synchronicity in double proton transfer reactions under oriented external electric field 如何寻找和揭示隐藏的中间体?定向外电场下双质子转移反应非同步性的 ELF 拓扑描述。
IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06163-0
Vanessa Labet, Antoine Geoffroy-Neveux, Mohammad Esmaïl Alikhani

Context

The nature of double intermolecular proton transfer was studied with the ELF topological approach in two model dimers (the formic acid homodimer and the 1,2,3-triazole–guanidine heterodimer) under an oriented external electric field. It has been shown that each of the two dimers can have either a one-step (one transition state structure) or two-step (two transition state structures) reaction path, depending on the intensity and orientation of the external electric field. The presence of a singularly broad shoulder (plateau in the case of homodimer and plateau-like for heterodimer) around the formal transition state structure results from the strong asynchronicity of the reaction. A careful ELF topological analysis of the nature of protons, hydride (localized) or roaming (delocalized) proton, along the reaction path allowed us to unambiguously classify the one-step mechanisms governing the double-proton transfer reactions into three distinct classes: (1) concerted-synchronous, when two events (roaming proton regions) completely overlap, (2) concerted-asynchronous, when two events (roaming proton regions) partially overlap, and (3) two-stage one-step non-concerted, when two roaming proton regions are separated by a “hidden intermediate region”. All the structures belonging to this separatrix region are of the zwitterion form.

Methods

Geometry optimization of the stationary points on the potential energy surface was performed using density functional theory—wB97XD functional—in combination with the 6–311+ +G(2d, 2p) basis set for all the atoms. All first-principles calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 quantum chemical packages. We also used the electron localization function (ELF) to reveal the nature of the proton along the reaction path: a bound proton (hydride) becomes a roaming proton (carrying a tiny negative charge ≈ 0.3 e) exchanging with two adjacent atoms via two attractors (topological critical points with (3, − 3) signature). The ELF analyses were performed using the TopMod package.

背景:在定向外电场下,利用 ELF 拓扑方法研究了两个模型二聚体(甲酸同二聚体和 1,2,3 三唑-胍杂二聚体)分子间双质子转移的性质。研究表明,根据外电场的强度和方向,这两种二聚体中的每一种都可以有一步反应路径(一种过渡态结构)或两步反应路径(两种过渡态结构)。由于反应具有很强的异步性,因此在正式过渡态结构周围会出现一个奇异的宽肩(同二聚体为高原,异二聚体为类似高原的结构)。通过对反应路径上的质子、氢化物(定位)质子或漫游质子(非定位)质子的性质进行仔细的 ELF 拓扑分析,我们可以明确地将双质子转移反应的一步机制分为三个不同的类别:(1) 协作-同步,即两个事件(质子漫游区)完全重叠;(2) 协作-非同步,即两个事件(质子漫游区)部分重叠;(3) 两阶段一步法非确认,即两个质子漫游区被一个 "隐藏中间区 "分开。属于该分离矩阵区域的所有结构都是齐聚物形式:方法:使用密度泛函理论-wB97XD 函数,结合所有原子的 6-311+ +G(2d, 2p) 基集,对势能面上的静止点进行了几何优化。所有第一原理计算都是使用高斯 09 量子化学软件包进行的。我们还利用电子定位函数(ELF)揭示了质子在反应路径上的性质:结合质子(氢化物)变成了漫游质子(携带微小负电荷 ≈ 0.3 e),通过两个吸引子(具有 (3, - 3) 特征的拓扑临界点)与两个相邻原子交换。ELF 分析使用 TopMod 软件包进行。
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引用次数: 0
A DFT study of the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the structure and electronic properties of sarcosine crystal 关于静水压力对肌氨酸晶体结构和电子特性影响的 DFT 研究。
IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06110-z
Geanso M. de Moura, Mateus R. Lage, Adenilson Santos, Rodrigo Gester, Stanislav R. Stoyanov, Tarciso Andrade-Filho

Context

We perform density functional theory calculations to study the dependence of the structural and electronic properties of the amino acid sarcosine crystal structure on hydrostatic pressure application. The results are analyzed and compared with the available experimental data. Our findings indicate that the crystal structure and properties of sarcosine calculated using the Grimme dispersion-corrected PBE functional (PBE-D3) best agree with the available experimental results under hydrostatic pressure of up to 3.7 GPa. Critical structural rearrangements, such as unit cell compression, head-to-tail compression, and molecular rotations, are investigated and elucidated in the context of experimental findings. Band gap energy tuning and density of state shifts indicative of band dispersion are presented concerning the structural changes arising from the elevated pressure. The calculated properties indicate that sarcosine holds great promise for application in electronic devices that involve pressure-induced structural changes.

Methods

Three widely used generalized gradient approximation functionals—PBE, PBEsol, and revPBE—are employed with Grimme’s D3 dispersion correction. The non-local van der Waals density functional vdW-DF is also evaluated. The calculations are performed using the projector-augmented wave method in the Quantum Espresso software suite. The geometry optimization results are visualized using VMD. The Multiwfn and NCIPlot programs are used for wavefunction and intermolecular interaction analyses.

背景:我们进行了密度泛函理论计算,以研究氨基酸肌氨酸晶体结构的结构和电子特性与静水压力应用的关系。我们对计算结果进行了分析,并与现有的实验数据进行了比较。我们的研究结果表明,在高达 3.7 GPa 的静水压力下,使用 Grimme 弥散校正 PBE 函数(PBE-D3)计算的肌氨酸晶体结构和性质与现有的实验结果最为吻合。根据实验结果研究并阐明了关键的结构重排,如单胞压缩、头尾压缩和分子旋转。此外,还介绍了带隙能的调整和状态密度的偏移,这些都表明了高压引起的结构变化。计算得出的特性表明,肌氨酸在涉及压力引起的结构变化的电子设备中大有可为:采用了三种广泛使用的广义梯度近似函数--PBE、PBEsol 和 revPBE,并进行了 Grimme 的 D3 分散修正。此外,还对非局部范德瓦耳斯密度函数 vdW-DF 进行了评估。计算使用 Quantum Espresso 软件套件中的投影仪增强波方法进行。几何优化结果使用 VMD 可视化。Multiwfn 和 NCIPlot 程序用于波函数和分子间相互作用分析。
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引用次数: 0
Design of N-doped C60-σ-B-doped C60 photodetector based on resonant tunneling diode using DFT and NEGF method 利用 DFT 和 NEGF 方法设计基于共振隧道二极管的 N 掺杂 C60-σ-B 掺杂 C60 光探测器。
IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06166-x
Majid Malek, Mohammad Danaie

Context

Photodetectors utilizing donor/acceptor (D/A) molecules have the capacity to detect light through molecular interactions between a donor and an acceptor molecule. These devices leverage electronic or optical changes within molecules when exposed to light, resulting in observable modifications. The unique properties of photodetectors with D/A molecules make them valuable tools in various fields, including molecular electronics. This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a single-molecule photodetector based on a D/A molecule configuration. The acceptor molecule used is N-doped C60 fullerene, while the donor molecule is B-doped C60 fullerene. Initially, simulations were conducted at zero bias voltage to determine the energy and states of the bipartite molecule. Subsequently, the system’s Hamiltonian was computed based on these results. The self-consistent field method (SCF) and optical self-energy coefficients were employed for modeling. Finally, the current–voltage curve of the device was derived for various input light frequencies. The simulation and modeling results demonstrated that the device exhibited negative differential resistances at bias voltages of 0.33 V, 1.58 V, and − 0.93 V, depending on the input light frequency. Furthermore, the designed device demonstrated the ability to detect and absorb waves with different frequencies. The number of current peaks in the current–voltage curve varied with by altering the number of optical modes.

Methods

The computational work was conducted using the software package of Atomistix ToolKit (ATK-2018.06) and MATLAB code. The calculations were based on the density functional theory (DFT) approach and the self-consistent field method, specifically the non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF). The exchange correlation function was investigated using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) proposed by Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE). For the calculations, we employed the double-ζ plus polarization (DZP) basis set. Initially, the structures of N doped-C60-σ-B-doped-C60 molecule underwent optimization using the DFT approach implemented in the ATK package. This optimization process allowed us to extract the parameters of the molecule. Subsequently, we utilized the NEGF formalism in MATLAB software to model and simulate photodetector based on the optimized molecule. We calculated important features of the photodetector, such as photocurrent, and compared the performance of the photodetector using photons with energies of 2 and 3 eV.

背景:利用供体/受体(D/A)分子的光检测器能够通过供体分子和受体分子之间的分子相互作用来检测光。这些设备利用光照射时分子内的电子或光学变化,从而产生可观察到的变化。D/A 分子光电探测器的独特性质使其成为分子电子学等多个领域的重要工具。本文介绍了基于 D/A 分子配置的单分子光电探测器的建模和模拟。所使用的受体分子是 N 掺杂的 C60 富勒烯,而供体分子是 B 掺杂的 C60 富勒烯。首先,在零偏置电压下进行模拟,以确定双分子的能量和状态。随后,根据这些结果计算出系统的哈密顿。建模时采用了自洽场方法(SCF)和光学自能系数。最后,得出了该器件在不同输入光频率下的电流-电压曲线。模拟和建模结果表明,根据输入光频率的不同,该器件在偏置电压为 0.33 V、1.58 V 和 - 0.93 V 时表现出负微分电阻。此外,所设计的器件还具有探测和吸收不同频率光波的能力。电流-电压曲线中的电流峰值数量随光学模式数量的改变而变化:计算工作使用 Atomistix ToolKit(ATK-2018.06)软件包和 MATLAB 代码进行。计算基于密度泛函理论(DFT)方法和自洽场方法,特别是非平衡格林函数(NEGF)。交换相关函数采用 Perdew、Burke 和 Ernzerhof(PBE)提出的广义梯度近似法(GGA)进行研究。在计算中,我们采用了双ζ加极化(DZP)基集。最初,我们使用 ATK 软件包中的 DFT 方法对 N 掺杂-C60-σ-B 掺杂-C60 分子的结构进行了优化。通过这一优化过程,我们提取了分子的参数。随后,我们利用 MATLAB 软件中的 NEGF 形式来建模和模拟基于优化分子的光电探测器。我们计算了光电探测器的重要特征,如光电流,并使用能量为 2 和 3 eV 的光子比较了光电探测器的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring chemical reactivity through a combined conceptual DFT and ELF topology approach 通过概念 DFT 和 ELF 拓扑相结合的方法探索化学反应性。
IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06144-3
Bastien Courbière, Julien Pilmé

Context

In a proof-of-concept study, we explore how a combined approach using the topology of the electron localization function (ELF) and the condensed dual descriptor (DD) function can guide the optimal orientation between reactants and mimic the potential energy surfaces of molecular systems at the beginning of the chemical pathway. The DD has been chosen for its ability to evaluate the regioselectivity of neutral and soft species and to potentially mimic the interaction energy obtained from the mutual interactions between nucleophilic and electrophilic regions of the building blocks under perturbative theory.

Method

Our method has been illustrated with examples in which the optimal orientation of several systems can be successfully identified. The limitations of the presented model in predicting chemical reactivity are outlined in particular the influence of the selected condensation scheme.

背景:在一项概念验证研究中,我们探索了利用电子定位功能(ELF)的拓扑结构和凝聚双描述符(DD)功能的组合方法如何指导反应物之间的最佳取向,以及如何在化学途径的起始阶段模拟分子系统的势能面。之所以选择 DD,是因为它能够评估中性和软性物种的区域选择性,并有可能模拟扰动理论下构件亲核区和亲电区之间相互影响所产生的相互作用能:我们的方法已通过实例进行了说明,在这些实例中,我们成功地确定了几个系统的最佳取向。方法:我们用实例说明了我们的方法,在这些实例中,我们成功地确定了几个系统的最佳取向。我们还概述了所提出的模型在预测化学反应性方面的局限性,特别是所选缩合方案的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Cooperativity and halonium transfer in the ternary NCI···CH3I···−CN halogen-bonded complex: An ab initio gas phase study 三元 NCI-CH3I----CN 卤键络合物中的合作性和卤素转移:一项ab initio气相研究。
IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06160-3
Rubén D. Parra

Context

The strength and nature of the two halogen bonds in the NCI···CH3I···CN halogen-bonded ternary complex are studied in the gas phase via ab initio calculations. Different indicators of halogen bond strength were employed to examine the interactions including geometries, complexation energies, Natural Bond Order (NBO) Wiberg bond indices, and Atoms in Molecules (AIM)-based charge density topological properties. The results show that the halogen bond is strong and partly covalent in nature when CH3I donates the halogen bond, but weak and noncovalent in nature when CH3I accepts the halogen bond. Significant halogen bond cooperativity emerges in the ternary complex relative to the corresponding heterodimer complexes, NCI···CH3I and CH3I···CN, respectively. For example, the CCSD(T) complexation energy of the ternary complex (-18.27 kcal/mol) is about twice the sum of the complexation energies of the component dimers (-9.54 kcal/mol). The halonium transfer reaction that converts the ternary complex into an equivalent one was also investigated. The electronic barrier for the halonium transfer was calculated to be 6.70 kcal/mol at the CCSD(T) level. Although the MP2 level underestimates and the MP3 overestimates the barrier, their calculated MP2.5 average barrier (6.44 kcal/mol) is close to that of the more robust CCSD(T) level. Insights on the halonium ion transfer reaction was obtained by examining the reaction energy and force profiles along the intrinsic reaction coordinate, IRC. The corresponding evolution of other properties such as bond lengths, Wiberg bond indices, and Mulliken charges provides specific insight on the extent of structural rearrangements and electronic redistribution throughout the entire IRC space.

Methods

The MP2 method was used for geometry optimizations. Energy calculations were performed using the CCSD(T) method. The aug-cc-pVTZ basis set was employed for all atoms other than iodine for which the aug-cc-pVTZ-PP basis set was used instead.

背景:通过 ab initio 计算研究了 NCI-CH3I----CN 卤键三元络合物中两个卤键在气相中的强度和性质。研究采用了卤素键强度的不同指标来考察相互作用,包括几何形状、络合能、自然键序(NBO)维伯格键指数以及基于原子分子(AIM)的电荷密度拓扑特性。结果表明,当 CH3I 捐献卤素键时,卤素键是强共价键,而当 CH3I 接受卤素键时,卤素键是弱共价键。相对于相应的异二聚体复合物 NCI-CH3I 和 CH3I----CN 而言,三元复合物中出现了显著的卤键合作性。例如,三元复合物的 CCSD(T) 络合能(-18.27 kcal/mol)大约是二聚体组分络合能总和(-9.54 kcal/mol)的两倍。我们还研究了将三元复合物转化为等价复合物的卤鎓转移反应。在 CCSD(T) 水平上计算出的卤鎓转移电子势垒为 6.70 kcal/mol。虽然 MP2 水平低估了电子势垒,而 MP3 水平高估了电子势垒,但他们计算出的 MP2.5 平均电子势垒(6.44 kcal/mol)接近更稳健的 CCSD(T) 水平。通过研究沿固有反应坐标(IRC)的反应能量和作用力曲线,获得了对卤离子转移反应的深入了解。其他性质(如键长、维伯格键指数和穆利肯电荷)的相应演变提供了关于整个 IRC 空间中结构重排和电子再分布程度的具体见解:采用 MP2 方法进行几何优化。能量计算采用 CCSD(T) 方法。除碘以外的所有原子都使用了 aug-cc-pVTZ 基础集,而碘则使用了 aug-cc-pVTZ-PP 基础集。
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引用次数: 0
Why are information-theoretic descriptors powerful predictors of atomic and molecular polarizabilities 为什么信息论描述符可以有力地预测原子和分子极化率?
IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06162-1
Yilin Zhao, Dongbo Zhao, Shubin Liu, Chunying Rong, Paul W. Ayers

Context

We rationalize the excellent performance of information-theoretic descriptors for predicting atomic and molecular polarizabilities. It seems that descriptors which capture information about the change in valence-shell structure, especially the relative Fisher information measures, are particularly useful. Using this, we can rationalize why the G3 form of the relative Fisher information, which measures the deviation of effective nuclear charge between an atom-in-a-molecule and the reference pro-atom, is especially effective as a predictor of molecular polarizability.

Methods

There are no methods used in this paper, which relies on mathematical derivation and analysis.

背景:我们合理地解释了信息论描述符在预测原子和分子极化率方面的优异表现。捕捉价壳结构变化信息的描述符,尤其是相对费舍尔信息度量,似乎特别有用。利用这一点,我们可以合理地解释为什么相对费舍尔信息的 G3 形式(测量分子中原子与参考原原子之间有效核电荷的偏差)作为分子极化率的预测指标特别有效:本文没有使用任何方法,主要依靠数学推导和分析。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Molecular Modeling
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