Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06168-9
Mehdi D. Esrafili
Context
First-principles calculations are performed to investigate the catalytic oxidation of methane by using N2O as an oxidizing agent over aluminum (Al)-doped Zn12O12 cluster and (Zn12O12)2 nanowire. The impact of Al impurity on the geometry, electronic structure, and surface reactivity of Zn12O12 and (Zn12O12)2 is thoroughly studied. Our study demonstrates that Al-doped ZnO systems have a better adsorption ability than the corresponding pristine counterparts. It is found that N2O molecule is initially decomposed on the Al site to provide the N2 molecule, and an Al–O intermediate which is an active species for the CH4 oxidation. The conversion of CH4 into CH3OH over AlZn11O12 and (AlZn11O12)2 requires an activation energy of 0.45 and 0.29 eV, respectively, indicating it can be easily performed at normal temperatures. Besides, the overoxidation of methanol into formaldehyde cannot take place over the AlZn11O12 and (AlZn11O12)2, due to the high energy barrier needed to dissociate C–H bond of the CH3O intermediate.
Method
Dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations were performed through GGA-PBE exchange–correlation functional combined with a numerical double-ζ plus polarization (DNP) basis set as implemented in DMol3. To include the relativistic effects of core electrons of Zn atoms, DFT-semicore pseudopotentials were adopted. The DFT + D scheme proposed by Grimme was used to involve weak dispersion interactions within the DFT calculations. The reaction energy paths were generated by the minimum energy path calculations using the NEB method.
{"title":"Low-temperature oxidation of methane mediated by Al-doped ZnO cluster and nanowire: a first-principles investigation","authors":"Mehdi D. Esrafili","doi":"10.1007/s00894-024-06168-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00894-024-06168-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>First-principles calculations are performed to investigate the catalytic oxidation of methane by using N<sub>2</sub>O as an oxidizing agent over aluminum (Al)-doped Zn<sub>12</sub>O<sub>12</sub> cluster and (Zn<sub>12</sub>O<sub>12</sub>)<sub>2</sub> nanowire. The impact of Al impurity on the geometry, electronic structure, and surface reactivity of Zn<sub>12</sub>O<sub>12</sub> and (Zn<sub>12</sub>O<sub>12</sub>)<sub>2</sub> is thoroughly studied. Our study demonstrates that Al-doped ZnO systems have a better adsorption ability than the corresponding pristine counterparts. It is found that N<sub>2</sub>O molecule is initially decomposed on the Al site to provide the N<sub>2</sub> molecule, and an Al–O intermediate which is an active species for the CH<sub>4</sub> oxidation. The conversion of CH<sub>4</sub> into CH<sub>3</sub>OH over AlZn<sub>11</sub>O<sub>12</sub> and (AlZn<sub>11</sub>O<sub>12</sub>)<sub>2</sub> requires an activation energy of 0.45 and 0.29 eV, respectively, indicating it can be easily performed at normal temperatures. Besides, the overoxidation of methanol into formaldehyde cannot take place over the AlZn<sub>11</sub>O<sub>12</sub> and (AlZn<sub>11</sub>O<sub>12</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, due to the high energy barrier needed to dissociate C–H bond of the CH<sub>3</sub>O intermediate.</p><h3>Method</h3><p>Dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations were performed through GGA-PBE exchange–correlation functional combined with a numerical double-ζ plus polarization (DNP) basis set as implemented in DMol<sup>3</sup>. To include the relativistic effects of core electrons of Zn atoms, DFT-semicore pseudopotentials were adopted. The DFT + D scheme proposed by Grimme was used to involve weak dispersion interactions within the DFT calculations. The reaction energy paths were generated by the minimum energy path calculations using the NEB method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Modeling","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06155-0
Williams García-Argote, Lina Ruiz, Diego Inostroza, Carlos Cardenas, Osvaldo Yañez, William Tiznado
Context
Exploring potential energy surfaces (PES) is fundamental in computational chemistry, as it provides insights into the relationship between molecular energy, geometry, and chemical reactivity. We introduce Kick-MEP, a hybrid method for exploring the PES of atomic and molecular clusters, particularly those dominated by non-covalent interactions. Kick-MEP computes the Coulomb integral between the maximum and minimum electrostatic potential values on a 0.001 a.u. electron density isosurface for two interacting fragments. This approach efficiently estimates interaction energies and selects low-energy configurations at reduced computational cost. Kick-MEP was evaluated on silicon-lithium clusters, water clusters, and thymol encapsulated within Cucurbit[7]uril, consistently identifying the lowest energy structures, including global minima and relevant local minima.
Methods
Kick-MEP generates an initial population of molecular structures using the stochastic Kick algorithm, which combines two molecular fragments (A and B). The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) values on a 0.001 a.u. electron density isosurface for each fragment are used to compute the Coulomb integral between them. Structures with the lowest Coulomb integral are selected and refined through gradient-based optimization and DFT calculations at the PBE0-D3/Def2-TZVP level. Molecular docking simulations for the thymol-Cucurbit[7]uril complex using AutoDock Vina were performed for benchmarking. Kick-MEP was validated across different molecular systems, demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying the lowest energy structures, including global minima and relevant local minima, while maintaining a low computational cost.
{"title":"Introducing KICK-MEP: exploring potential energy surfaces in systems with significant non-covalent interactions","authors":"Williams García-Argote, Lina Ruiz, Diego Inostroza, Carlos Cardenas, Osvaldo Yañez, William Tiznado","doi":"10.1007/s00894-024-06155-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00894-024-06155-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>Exploring potential energy surfaces (PES) is fundamental in computational chemistry, as it provides insights into the relationship between molecular energy, geometry, and chemical reactivity. We introduce Kick-MEP, a hybrid method for exploring the PES of atomic and molecular clusters, particularly those dominated by non-covalent interactions. Kick-MEP computes the Coulomb integral between the maximum and minimum electrostatic potential values on a 0.001 a.u. electron density isosurface for two interacting fragments. This approach efficiently estimates interaction energies and selects low-energy configurations at reduced computational cost. Kick-MEP was evaluated on silicon-lithium clusters, water clusters, and thymol encapsulated within Cucurbit[7]uril, consistently identifying the lowest energy structures, including global minima and relevant local minima.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Kick-MEP generates an initial population of molecular structures using the stochastic Kick algorithm, which combines two molecular fragments (A and B). The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) values on a 0.001 a.u. electron density isosurface for each fragment are used to compute the Coulomb integral between them. Structures with the lowest Coulomb integral are selected and refined through gradient-based optimization and DFT calculations at the PBE0-D3/Def2-TZVP level. Molecular docking simulations for the thymol-Cucurbit[7]uril complex using AutoDock Vina were performed for benchmarking. Kick-MEP was validated across different molecular systems, demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying the lowest energy structures, including global minima and relevant local minima, while maintaining a low computational cost.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Modeling","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06148-z
Kiew S. Kharnaior, Asit K. Chandra, R. H. Duncan Lyngdoh
Concept
Eighteen concerted isomerization reactions of various C6H6•+ radical cation (RC) species are studied and found to proceed via well-defined transition states, whose relative positions along the reaction pathway generally agree with Hammond’s postulate. From the barrier heights, the rate coefficients of these reactions are estimated by using transition state theory, and the activation energies are computed. Through combination among themselves, these 18 isomerizations yielded 15 multi-step conversion routes of various C6H6•+ species to the lowest energy benzene radical cation isomer 1, which routes are compared.
Methods
Use is made of DFT with the B3LYP and M06-2X functionals, along with the CBS-QB3 approach to arrive at better energies. From the barrier heights for each of the concerted reactions, canonical transition state theory was applied to evaluate rate coefficients k over the temperature range 200–500 K. The Arrhenius activation energies were computed using the plot of ln k vs. 1/T.
{"title":"Unimolecular isomerizations of C6H6•+ radical cations: a computational study","authors":"Kiew S. Kharnaior, Asit K. Chandra, R. H. Duncan Lyngdoh","doi":"10.1007/s00894-024-06148-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00894-024-06148-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Concept</h3><p>Eighteen concerted isomerization reactions of various C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub><sup>•+</sup> radical cation (RC) species are studied and found to proceed via well-defined transition states, whose relative positions along the reaction pathway generally agree with Hammond’s postulate. From the barrier heights, the rate coefficients of these reactions are estimated by using transition state theory, and the activation energies are computed. Through combination among themselves, these 18 isomerizations yielded 15 multi-step conversion routes of various C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub><sup>•+</sup> species to the lowest energy benzene radical cation isomer <b>1</b>, which routes are compared.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Use is made of DFT with the B3LYP and M06-2X functionals, along with the CBS-QB3 approach to arrive at better energies. From the barrier heights for each of the concerted reactions, canonical transition state theory was applied to evaluate rate coefficients <i>k</i> over the temperature range 200–500 K. The Arrhenius activation energies were computed using the plot of ln <i>k</i> vs. 1/<i>T</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Modeling","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06150-5
Carlos Castillo-Orellana, Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez, Nery Villegas-Escobar
<div><h3>Context</h3><p>The CO<span>(_{2})</span> activation by low-valent group 14 catalysts encompasses the rupture of varied covalent bonds in a single transition state through a concerted pathway. The bond between the central main group atom and the hydride in the complex is elongated to trigger the formation of the C–H bond with CO<span>(_{2})</span> accompanied by the concomitant formation of the E–O bond between the complex and CO<span>(_{2})</span> to lead the corresponding formate product. Prior studies have established that besides the apolar nature of CO<span>(_{2})</span>, its initial interaction with the complex is primarily governed by electrostatic interactions. Notably, other stabilizing interactions and the transfer of charge between catalysts and CO<span>(_{2})</span> during the initial phases of the reaction have been ignored. In this study, we have quantified the non-covalent interactions and charge transfer that facilitate the activation of CO<span>(_{2})</span> by group 14 main group complex. Our findings indicate that electrostatic interactions predominantly stabilize the complex and CO<span>(_{2})</span> in the reactant region. However, induction energy becomes the main stabilizing force as the reaction progresses towards the transition state, surpassing electrostatics. Induction contributes about 50% to the stabilization at the transition state, followed by electrostatics (40%) and dispersion interactions (10%). Atomic charges calculated with the minimal basis iterative stockholder (MBIS) method reveal larger charge transfer for the back-side reaction path in which CO<span>(_{2})</span> approaches the catalysts in contrast to the front-side approach. Notably, it was discovered that a minor initial bending of CO<span>(_{2})</span> to approximately <span>(176^circ )</span> initiates the charge transfer process for all systems. Furthermore, our investigation of group 14 elements demonstrates a systematic reduction in both activation energies and charge transfer to CO<span>(_{2})</span> while descending in group 14.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>All studied reactions were characterized along the reaction coordinate obtained with the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) methodology at the M06-2X/6-31 g(d,p) level of theory. Gibbs free energy in toluene was computed using electronic energies at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ-SSD(E) level of theory. Vibrational and translational entropy corrections were applied to provide a more accurate description of the obtained Gibbs free energies. To better characterize the changes in the reaction coordinate for all reactions, the reaction force analysis (RFA) has been employed. It enables the partition of the reaction coordinate into the reactant, transition state, and product regions where different stages of the mechanism occur. A detailed characterization of the main non-covalent driving forces in the initial stages of the activation of CO<span>(_{2})</span> by low-valent group 14 complexes was perfo
背景:低价 14 族催化剂对 CO 2 的活化作用包括在单一过渡态中通过协同途径断裂各种共价键。中央主基团原子与络合物中氢化物之间的键被拉长,从而引发与 CO 2 形成 C-H 键,同时络合物与 CO 2 之间形成 E-O 键,从而产生相应的甲酸酯产物。先前的研究已经证实,除了 CO 2 的无极性之外,它与复合物的初始相互作用主要受静电作用的支配。值得注意的是,我们忽略了反应初始阶段催化剂与 CO 2 之间的其他稳定作用和电荷转移。在本研究中,我们对促进第 14 组主基团复合物活化 CO 2 的非共价相互作用和电荷转移进行了量化。我们的研究结果表明,静电相互作用主要稳定了反应物区域的络合物和 CO 2。然而,随着反应向过渡态发展,感应能超越静电作用,成为主要的稳定力量。感应能对过渡态的稳定作用约占 50%,其次是静电(40%)和分散相互作用(10%)。用最小基迭代持股法(MBIS)计算的原子电荷显示,在 CO 2 接近催化剂的背面反应路径中,电荷转移比正面反应路径大。值得注意的是,我们发现 CO 2 稍微弯曲至约 176 ∘ 的初始位置会启动所有体系的电荷转移过程。此外,我们对 14 族元素的研究表明,当 14 族元素下降时,活化能和向 CO 2 的电荷转移都会系统地降低:方法:所有研究的反应都是根据 M06-2X/6-31 g(d,p) 理论水平的本征反应坐标(IRC)方法得到的反应坐标进行表征的。使用 DLPNO-CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ-SSD(E)理论水平的电子能量计算了甲苯中的吉布斯自由能。为了更准确地描述得到的吉布斯自由能,还应用了振动和平移熵修正。为了更好地描述所有反应的反应坐标变化,采用了反应力分析(RFA)。它可以将反应坐标划分为反应物区域、过渡态区域和产物区域,在这些区域中会出现机理的不同阶段。利用对称适应扰动理论(SAPT)详细分析了低价 14 族配合物活化 CO 2 初始阶段的主要非共价驱动力。这些计算采用了 SAPT0-CT/def2-SVP 方法。此外,还利用 MBIS 方案获得了基于原子群的电荷转移描述符,以补充 SAPT 分析。
{"title":"Non-covalent interactions and charge transfer in the CO(_{2}) activation by low-valent group 14 complexes","authors":"Carlos Castillo-Orellana, Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez, Nery Villegas-Escobar","doi":"10.1007/s00894-024-06150-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00894-024-06150-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>The CO<span>(_{2})</span> activation by low-valent group 14 catalysts encompasses the rupture of varied covalent bonds in a single transition state through a concerted pathway. The bond between the central main group atom and the hydride in the complex is elongated to trigger the formation of the C–H bond with CO<span>(_{2})</span> accompanied by the concomitant formation of the E–O bond between the complex and CO<span>(_{2})</span> to lead the corresponding formate product. Prior studies have established that besides the apolar nature of CO<span>(_{2})</span>, its initial interaction with the complex is primarily governed by electrostatic interactions. Notably, other stabilizing interactions and the transfer of charge between catalysts and CO<span>(_{2})</span> during the initial phases of the reaction have been ignored. In this study, we have quantified the non-covalent interactions and charge transfer that facilitate the activation of CO<span>(_{2})</span> by group 14 main group complex. Our findings indicate that electrostatic interactions predominantly stabilize the complex and CO<span>(_{2})</span> in the reactant region. However, induction energy becomes the main stabilizing force as the reaction progresses towards the transition state, surpassing electrostatics. Induction contributes about 50% to the stabilization at the transition state, followed by electrostatics (40%) and dispersion interactions (10%). Atomic charges calculated with the minimal basis iterative stockholder (MBIS) method reveal larger charge transfer for the back-side reaction path in which CO<span>(_{2})</span> approaches the catalysts in contrast to the front-side approach. Notably, it was discovered that a minor initial bending of CO<span>(_{2})</span> to approximately <span>(176^circ )</span> initiates the charge transfer process for all systems. Furthermore, our investigation of group 14 elements demonstrates a systematic reduction in both activation energies and charge transfer to CO<span>(_{2})</span> while descending in group 14.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>All studied reactions were characterized along the reaction coordinate obtained with the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) methodology at the M06-2X/6-31 g(d,p) level of theory. Gibbs free energy in toluene was computed using electronic energies at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ-SSD(E) level of theory. Vibrational and translational entropy corrections were applied to provide a more accurate description of the obtained Gibbs free energies. To better characterize the changes in the reaction coordinate for all reactions, the reaction force analysis (RFA) has been employed. It enables the partition of the reaction coordinate into the reactant, transition state, and product regions where different stages of the mechanism occur. A detailed characterization of the main non-covalent driving forces in the initial stages of the activation of CO<span>(_{2})</span> by low-valent group 14 complexes was perfo","PeriodicalId":651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Modeling","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06163-0
Vanessa Labet, Antoine Geoffroy-Neveux, Mohammad Esmaïl Alikhani
Context
The nature of double intermolecular proton transfer was studied with the ELF topological approach in two model dimers (the formic acid homodimer and the 1,2,3-triazole–guanidine heterodimer) under an oriented external electric field. It has been shown that each of the two dimers can have either a one-step (one transition state structure) or two-step (two transition state structures) reaction path, depending on the intensity and orientation of the external electric field. The presence of a singularly broad shoulder (plateau in the case of homodimer and plateau-like for heterodimer) around the formal transition state structure results from the strong asynchronicity of the reaction. A careful ELF topological analysis of the nature of protons, hydride (localized) or roaming (delocalized) proton, along the reaction path allowed us to unambiguously classify the one-step mechanisms governing the double-proton transfer reactions into three distinct classes: (1) concerted-synchronous, when two events (roaming proton regions) completely overlap, (2) concerted-asynchronous, when two events (roaming proton regions) partially overlap, and (3) two-stage one-step non-concerted, when two roaming proton regions are separated by a “hidden intermediate region”. All the structures belonging to this separatrix region are of the zwitterion form.
Methods
Geometry optimization of the stationary points on the potential energy surface was performed using density functional theory—wB97XD functional—in combination with the 6–311+ +G(2d, 2p) basis set for all the atoms. All first-principles calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 quantum chemical packages. We also used the electron localization function (ELF) to reveal the nature of the proton along the reaction path: a bound proton (hydride) becomes a roaming proton (carrying a tiny negative charge ≈ 0.3 e) exchanging with two adjacent atoms via two attractors (topological critical points with (3, − 3) signature). The ELF analyses were performed using the TopMod package.
{"title":"How to search for and reveal a hidden intermediate? The ELF topological description of non-synchronicity in double proton transfer reactions under oriented external electric field","authors":"Vanessa Labet, Antoine Geoffroy-Neveux, Mohammad Esmaïl Alikhani","doi":"10.1007/s00894-024-06163-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00894-024-06163-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>The nature of double intermolecular proton transfer was studied with the ELF topological approach in two model dimers (the formic acid homodimer and the 1,2,3-triazole–guanidine heterodimer) under an oriented external electric field. It has been shown that each of the two dimers can have either a one-step (one transition state structure) or two-step (two transition state structures) reaction path, depending on the intensity and orientation of the external electric field. The presence of a singularly broad shoulder (plateau in the case of homodimer and plateau-like for heterodimer) around the formal transition state structure results from the strong asynchronicity of the reaction. A careful ELF topological analysis of the nature of protons, hydride (localized) or roaming (delocalized) proton, along the reaction path allowed us to unambiguously classify the one-step mechanisms governing the double-proton transfer reactions into three distinct classes: (1) concerted-synchronous, when two events (roaming proton regions) completely overlap, (2) concerted-asynchronous, when two events (roaming proton regions) partially overlap, and (3) two-stage one-step non-concerted, when two roaming proton regions are separated by a “hidden intermediate region”. All the structures belonging to this separatrix region are of the zwitterion form.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Geometry optimization of the stationary points on the potential energy surface was performed using density functional theory—wB97XD functional—in combination with the 6–311+ +G(2d, 2p) basis set for all the atoms. All first-principles calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 quantum chemical packages. We also used the electron localization function (ELF) to reveal the nature of the proton along the reaction path: a bound proton (hydride) becomes a roaming proton (carrying a tiny negative charge ≈ 0.3 e) exchanging with two adjacent atoms via two attractors (topological critical points with (3, − 3) signature). The ELF analyses were performed using the TopMod package.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Modeling","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06110-z
Geanso M. de Moura, Mateus R. Lage, Adenilson Santos, Rodrigo Gester, Stanislav R. Stoyanov, Tarciso Andrade-Filho
Context
We perform density functional theory calculations to study the dependence of the structural and electronic properties of the amino acid sarcosine crystal structure on hydrostatic pressure application. The results are analyzed and compared with the available experimental data. Our findings indicate that the crystal structure and properties of sarcosine calculated using the Grimme dispersion-corrected PBE functional (PBE-D3) best agree with the available experimental results under hydrostatic pressure of up to 3.7 GPa. Critical structural rearrangements, such as unit cell compression, head-to-tail compression, and molecular rotations, are investigated and elucidated in the context of experimental findings. Band gap energy tuning and density of state shifts indicative of band dispersion are presented concerning the structural changes arising from the elevated pressure. The calculated properties indicate that sarcosine holds great promise for application in electronic devices that involve pressure-induced structural changes.
Methods
Three widely used generalized gradient approximation functionals—PBE, PBEsol, and revPBE—are employed with Grimme’s D3 dispersion correction. The non-local van der Waals density functional vdW-DF is also evaluated. The calculations are performed using the projector-augmented wave method in the Quantum Espresso software suite. The geometry optimization results are visualized using VMD. The Multiwfn and NCIPlot programs are used for wavefunction and intermolecular interaction analyses.
{"title":"A DFT study of the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the structure and electronic properties of sarcosine crystal","authors":"Geanso M. de Moura, Mateus R. Lage, Adenilson Santos, Rodrigo Gester, Stanislav R. Stoyanov, Tarciso Andrade-Filho","doi":"10.1007/s00894-024-06110-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00894-024-06110-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>We perform density functional theory calculations to study the dependence of the structural and electronic properties of the amino acid sarcosine crystal structure on hydrostatic pressure application. The results are analyzed and compared with the available experimental data. Our findings indicate that the crystal structure and properties of sarcosine calculated using the Grimme dispersion-corrected PBE functional (PBE-D3) best agree with the available experimental results under hydrostatic pressure of up to 3.7 GPa. Critical structural rearrangements, such as unit cell compression, head-to-tail compression, and molecular rotations, are investigated and elucidated in the context of experimental findings. Band gap energy tuning and density of state shifts indicative of band dispersion are presented concerning the structural changes arising from the elevated pressure. The calculated properties indicate that sarcosine holds great promise for application in electronic devices that involve pressure-induced structural changes.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three widely used generalized gradient approximation functionals—PBE, PBEsol, and revPBE—are employed with Grimme’s D3 dispersion correction. The non-local van der Waals density functional vdW-DF is also evaluated. The calculations are performed using the projector-augmented wave method in the Quantum Espresso software suite. The geometry optimization results are visualized using VMD. The Multiwfn and NCIPlot programs are used for wavefunction and intermolecular interaction analyses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Modeling","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06166-x
Majid Malek, Mohammad Danaie
Context
Photodetectors utilizing donor/acceptor (D/A) molecules have the capacity to detect light through molecular interactions between a donor and an acceptor molecule. These devices leverage electronic or optical changes within molecules when exposed to light, resulting in observable modifications. The unique properties of photodetectors with D/A molecules make them valuable tools in various fields, including molecular electronics. This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a single-molecule photodetector based on a D/A molecule configuration. The acceptor molecule used is N-doped C60 fullerene, while the donor molecule is B-doped C60 fullerene. Initially, simulations were conducted at zero bias voltage to determine the energy and states of the bipartite molecule. Subsequently, the system’s Hamiltonian was computed based on these results. The self-consistent field method (SCF) and optical self-energy coefficients were employed for modeling. Finally, the current–voltage curve of the device was derived for various input light frequencies. The simulation and modeling results demonstrated that the device exhibited negative differential resistances at bias voltages of 0.33 V, 1.58 V, and − 0.93 V, depending on the input light frequency. Furthermore, the designed device demonstrated the ability to detect and absorb waves with different frequencies. The number of current peaks in the current–voltage curve varied with by altering the number of optical modes.
Methods
The computational work was conducted using the software package of Atomistix ToolKit (ATK-2018.06) and MATLAB code. The calculations were based on the density functional theory (DFT) approach and the self-consistent field method, specifically the non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF). The exchange correlation function was investigated using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) proposed by Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE). For the calculations, we employed the double-ζ plus polarization (DZP) basis set. Initially, the structures of N doped-C60-σ-B-doped-C60 molecule underwent optimization using the DFT approach implemented in the ATK package. This optimization process allowed us to extract the parameters of the molecule. Subsequently, we utilized the NEGF formalism in MATLAB software to model and simulate photodetector based on the optimized molecule. We calculated important features of the photodetector, such as photocurrent, and compared the performance of the photodetector using photons with energies of 2 and 3 eV.
背景:利用供体/受体(D/A)分子的光检测器能够通过供体分子和受体分子之间的分子相互作用来检测光。这些设备利用光照射时分子内的电子或光学变化,从而产生可观察到的变化。D/A 分子光电探测器的独特性质使其成为分子电子学等多个领域的重要工具。本文介绍了基于 D/A 分子配置的单分子光电探测器的建模和模拟。所使用的受体分子是 N 掺杂的 C60 富勒烯,而供体分子是 B 掺杂的 C60 富勒烯。首先,在零偏置电压下进行模拟,以确定双分子的能量和状态。随后,根据这些结果计算出系统的哈密顿。建模时采用了自洽场方法(SCF)和光学自能系数。最后,得出了该器件在不同输入光频率下的电流-电压曲线。模拟和建模结果表明,根据输入光频率的不同,该器件在偏置电压为 0.33 V、1.58 V 和 - 0.93 V 时表现出负微分电阻。此外,所设计的器件还具有探测和吸收不同频率光波的能力。电流-电压曲线中的电流峰值数量随光学模式数量的改变而变化:计算工作使用 Atomistix ToolKit(ATK-2018.06)软件包和 MATLAB 代码进行。计算基于密度泛函理论(DFT)方法和自洽场方法,特别是非平衡格林函数(NEGF)。交换相关函数采用 Perdew、Burke 和 Ernzerhof(PBE)提出的广义梯度近似法(GGA)进行研究。在计算中,我们采用了双ζ加极化(DZP)基集。最初,我们使用 ATK 软件包中的 DFT 方法对 N 掺杂-C60-σ-B 掺杂-C60 分子的结构进行了优化。通过这一优化过程,我们提取了分子的参数。随后,我们利用 MATLAB 软件中的 NEGF 形式来建模和模拟基于优化分子的光电探测器。我们计算了光电探测器的重要特征,如光电流,并使用能量为 2 和 3 eV 的光子比较了光电探测器的性能。
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Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06144-3
Bastien Courbière, Julien Pilmé
Context
In a proof-of-concept study, we explore how a combined approach using the topology of the electron localization function (ELF) and the condensed dual descriptor (DD) function can guide the optimal orientation between reactants and mimic the potential energy surfaces of molecular systems at the beginning of the chemical pathway. The DD has been chosen for its ability to evaluate the regioselectivity of neutral and soft species and to potentially mimic the interaction energy obtained from the mutual interactions between nucleophilic and electrophilic regions of the building blocks under perturbative theory.
Method
Our method has been illustrated with examples in which the optimal orientation of several systems can be successfully identified. The limitations of the presented model in predicting chemical reactivity are outlined in particular the influence of the selected condensation scheme.
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Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06160-3
Rubén D. Parra
Context
The strength and nature of the two halogen bonds in the NCI···CH3I···−CN halogen-bonded ternary complex are studied in the gas phase via ab initio calculations. Different indicators of halogen bond strength were employed to examine the interactions including geometries, complexation energies, Natural Bond Order (NBO) Wiberg bond indices, and Atoms in Molecules (AIM)-based charge density topological properties. The results show that the halogen bond is strong and partly covalent in nature when CH3I donates the halogen bond, but weak and noncovalent in nature when CH3I accepts the halogen bond. Significant halogen bond cooperativity emerges in the ternary complex relative to the corresponding heterodimer complexes, NCI···CH3I and CH3I···−CN, respectively. For example, the CCSD(T) complexation energy of the ternary complex (-18.27 kcal/mol) is about twice the sum of the complexation energies of the component dimers (-9.54 kcal/mol). The halonium transfer reaction that converts the ternary complex into an equivalent one was also investigated. The electronic barrier for the halonium transfer was calculated to be 6.70 kcal/mol at the CCSD(T) level. Although the MP2 level underestimates and the MP3 overestimates the barrier, their calculated MP2.5 average barrier (6.44 kcal/mol) is close to that of the more robust CCSD(T) level. Insights on the halonium ion transfer reaction was obtained by examining the reaction energy and force profiles along the intrinsic reaction coordinate, IRC. The corresponding evolution of other properties such as bond lengths, Wiberg bond indices, and Mulliken charges provides specific insight on the extent of structural rearrangements and electronic redistribution throughout the entire IRC space.
Methods
The MP2 method was used for geometry optimizations. Energy calculations were performed using the CCSD(T) method. The aug-cc-pVTZ basis set was employed for all atoms other than iodine for which the aug-cc-pVTZ-PP basis set was used instead.
{"title":"Cooperativity and halonium transfer in the ternary NCI···CH3I···−CN halogen-bonded complex: An ab initio gas phase study","authors":"Rubén D. Parra","doi":"10.1007/s00894-024-06160-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00894-024-06160-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>The strength and nature of the two halogen bonds in the NCI···CH<sub>3</sub>I···<sup>−</sup>CN halogen-bonded ternary complex are studied in the gas phase via ab initio calculations. Different indicators of halogen bond strength were employed to examine the interactions including geometries, complexation energies, Natural Bond Order (NBO) Wiberg bond indices, and Atoms in Molecules (AIM)-based charge density topological properties. The results show that the halogen bond is strong and partly covalent in nature when CH<sub>3</sub>I donates the halogen bond, but weak and noncovalent in nature when CH<sub>3</sub>I accepts the halogen bond. Significant halogen bond cooperativity emerges in the ternary complex relative to the corresponding heterodimer complexes, NCI···CH<sub>3</sub>I and CH<sub>3</sub>I···<sup>−</sup>CN, respectively. For example, the CCSD(T) complexation energy of the ternary complex (-18.27 kcal/mol) is about twice the sum of the complexation energies of the component dimers (-9.54 kcal/mol). The halonium transfer reaction that converts the ternary complex into an equivalent one was also investigated. The electronic barrier for the halonium transfer was calculated to be 6.70 kcal/mol at the CCSD(T) level. Although the MP2 level underestimates and the MP3 overestimates the barrier, their calculated MP2.5 average barrier (6.44 kcal/mol) is close to that of the more robust CCSD(T) level. Insights on the halonium ion transfer reaction was obtained by examining the reaction energy and force profiles along the intrinsic reaction coordinate, IRC. The corresponding evolution of other properties such as bond lengths, Wiberg bond indices, and Mulliken charges provides specific insight on the extent of structural rearrangements and electronic redistribution throughout the entire IRC space.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The MP2 method was used for geometry optimizations. Energy calculations were performed using the CCSD(T) method. The aug-cc-pVTZ basis set was employed for all atoms other than iodine for which the aug-cc-pVTZ-PP basis set was used instead.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Modeling","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00894-024-06160-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}