Journal of Nanoparticle Research最新文献

Unique outcomes ensuing nanomaterial (NM) interactions with discrete wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation have been utilized in various biological applications. We investigated the antibacterial effect and dissolution of five NMs (gold nanospheres (AuNSs), two gold nanorods (AuNRs636 and AuNRs772), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs)) in saline and milk during microwave (MW) treatment. AuNSs, AgNPs, AuNRs636, and AuNRs772 improved the antibacterial effect of MW not only by increasing the temperature of the suspending media but also due to oxidative stress. Notably, the damage to bacterial membrane, measured as a reduction in the membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species generation in Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria was higher during MW treatment in the presence of AuNRs in comparison to AuNSs. AuNRs636 (4 µg/mL) combined with MW (40 s) achieved ~ 5 Log₁₀(CFU/mL) reduction of E. coli and S. aureus in milk. MW enhanced the dissolution of AuNRs636 in milk, while AgNPs and TiO₂ NPs showed aggregation after MW. Apart from elucidating the increased temperature and oxidative stress on bacterial elimination, this work highlighted the differential effects of MW on NMs of different chemical composition and shape.

Co–Mo alloy clusters with extended solubility of Mo in hcp Co were produced by inert gas condensation (IGC). While the equilibrium solubility of Mo in hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Co is on the order of 1 atomic percent, the non-equilibrium aspects of IGC resulted in ~ 18 atomic percent Mo dissolved in hcp Co. The extended solid solutions and hcp structure were observed across all of the processing conditions, which included variation of sputtering power and aperture size. There was, however, variation of nanoparticle size and magnetic behavior with processing parameters. The Co(Mo) nanoparticles were ferromagnetic at room temperature. Coercivities of the nanoparticles produced with a 2.5-mm aperture were independent of sputtering power and significantly higher than those of the nanoparticles produced with a 7-mm aperture. The coercivities of the nanoparticles produced with a 7-mm aperture were slightly power-dependent. Overall, there appeared to be a relationship between coercivity and nanoparticle size.

Ferrofluids are excellent candidates for several engineering research fields including dampers, seals, sensors, energy harvesting, and soft robotics. Ferrofluids exhibiting interesting physiochemical properties (magnetization properties, magnetoviscous effect, magneto-optic effect, etc.) under a magnetic field have been at the forefront of research. The magnetoviscous effect is known to be a critical indicator for describing the physical properties of ferrofluids. Nonetheless, the existing model barely meets the urgency for precisely describing the magnetoviscous effect due to the omission of magnetic dipole interactions. This study aims to modify the Shliomis model to improve its accuracy. Firstly, the magnetic properties of ferrofluids necessitate consideration of the magnetic dipolar interaction between the magnetic nanoparticles dominated by Brownian relaxation. Secondly, the modified Shliomis (MS) model is proposed by considering the magnetic dipole interactions. Lastly, the magnetoviscous effect measurement tests are used to verify the accuracy of the MS model, while also exploring the influences of shear rate and temperature on the MS model’s accuracy. The MS model provides a theoretical basis for guiding the engineering applications of ferrofluids.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most prevalent primary brain tumor in adults, remains highly challenging due to its invasive nature, limited treatment effectiveness, and short median survival durations. Standard of care includes surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields; however, there has been little improvement in survival rates. Biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs), coated with cell membranes and endogenous components, have immense potential for improving chemotherapy in GBM, by imitating cellular architecture and eluding immune clearance. With more individualized and efficient drug delivery, immunotherapeutic approaches and biomimetic NPs may increase patient survival rates. This article summarizes the main research on biomimetic NPs for GBM therapy, focusing on the classification, mechanisms, advantages, and challenges, along with the advancements in the development of GBM vaccines.

This study focused on developing a highly efficient carbon-TiO₂ photocatalyst for wastewater treatment using renewable carbon from lignin. Nanocomposites that consist of TiO₂ and carbon material are commonly utilized as photocatalysts due to their ability to combine the exceptional UV photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂ with the added advantages of improved electron/hole separation and reduced resistance for charge transfer facilitated by carbon. The utilization of biomass waste for wastewater treatment presents an exciting challenge as it not only reduces environmental and health risks associated with industrial waste disposal but also remediates water contaminated with industrial dyes. The lignin, a renewable biomass, recovered from the waste black liquor of kraft pulp, was used as a templating agent for the sol–gel synthesis of porous TiO₂/C nanocomposites. Another type of nanocomposite, TiO₂/AC, was prepared by converting black liquor into mesoporous activated carbon (AC) using FeCl₃ under different conditions. The presence of lignin-derived carbon has enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂/C and TiO₂/AC in degrading RhB when exposed to UV radiation. The optimization of photocatalytic activity was achieved by adjusting the dosage of the activator (FeCl₃). Among the composites, TiO₂/C exhibited the most superior photocatalytic activity, showing a remarkable 2.85-fold enhancement compared to pure TiO₂. Additionally, it demonstrated the most minimal rate of recombination between excited electrons and holes.

FeWO₄/g-C₃N₅ composites were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. The composition and morphology of the catalysts were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The composition of FeWO₄ and g-C₃N₅ successfully reduces the band gap of g-C₃N₅ and broadens visible light response range. Moreover, the as-prepared FeWO₄/g-C₃N₅ composites inhibit the recombination of photoinduced carriers and improve the charge mobility. FeWO₄/g-C₃N₅ composites exhibit significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic dyes including methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), and methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. As for the MB degradation, the best degradation kinetic rate constant of FeWO₄/g-C₃N₅ composite is 3.6 times higher than that of pristine g-C₃N₅. Moreover, FeWO₄/g-C₃N₅ composite shows good photostability and reusability after cycling experiments, which may be used for the treatment of real wastewater. A Z-scheme mechanism of dye photodegradation by FeWO₄/g-C₃N₅ composite was also proposed based on the trapping experiment of the responsible radical species.

This review examines the latest developments in nanoscopic antibiotic formulations used to treat infections caused by bacteria. A wide range of nanocarrier platforms are discussed, including polymer-based nanoparticles (NPs), lipid-based vesicles, mesoporous silica, and other inorganic materials. The antibiotic levofloxacin (LVF) is predominantly used as a model drug given its broad-spectrum activity. Studies in this regard have evaluated drug loading and encapsulation efficiency (EE) using analytical techniques such as FTIR, DLS, and TEM. In vitro release kinetics was characterized through dialysis and fluorescence-based assays. Zone of inhibition and viability studies provided insights into antibacterial efficacy. Some approaches incorporated stimuli-responsive polymers or targeting ligands to facilitate controlled or targeted drug release. Overall, the nanocarriers demonstrated potential for sustained antibiotic levels, reduced dosing, and improved treatment of biofilms and intracellular infections compared to free drug administration. The review offers a comprehensive analysis of this promising field with implications for combating antibiotic resistance.

In this work, molecular dynamic simulations (MDs) have been performed to study the deformation behavior of nanotwinned (NT) copper samples containing voids under cyclic loading. Results show that there are two stable states in the cyclic deformation process, and there is no obvious dislocation accumulation during the first stable state. When the void is in the twin lamella, it plays a softening role by emitting dislocations to promote the migration of twin boundaries (TBs), and the increase in the void size reduces the duration of the first stable state. When the void is through the TB, the TB limits the dislocation emission from the void, and the duration of the first stable state is not significantly affected by the void size. This study contributes to the understanding of the effect of defects on mechanical response of NT metals under cyclic loading.

Nanoparticles (NPs) possess strange optical, electrical, and magnetic properties, which arise from their quantum size effects. Nanotechnology, with its immense potential, offers immediate solutions to address these challenges and benefit our society. The pressing concerns of climate change and improving nutritional quality need that we adapt to changing conditions. These distinctive characteristics open up exciting opportunities for the development of innovative sensing techniques that allow for the real-time monitoring of plant responses to nanomaterial exposure. Plant tissue culture is an essential pillar in the field of plant biology, serving as a crucial foundation for a wide range of important applications. This remarkable technique plays a vital role in various areas, such as plant preservation, facilitating large-scale reproduction, enabling genetic modification, fostering the production of bioactive compounds, and enhancing desirable plant characteristics. Through the intricate process of tissue culture, scientists and researchers can manipulate plant cells in a controlled environment, opening up endless possibilities for advancing our understanding of plants and harnessing their potential for benefits. Understanding and optimization of these factors is crucial for improving the efficiency of in vitro propagation. In recent times, the integration of nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged as a successful strategy to combat microbial contaminants in explants, while also showcasing their positive impact on callus initiation, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, explants sterilization, and the production of secondary metabolites. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate the significant advancements achieved throughout the integration of nanotechnology into plant tissue culture. It seeks to shed light on the positive attributes associated with the consumption of nanoparticles (NPs) in plant tissue culture, highlighting their enormous potential and benefits.