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Large-Scale Expensive Optimization with a Switching Strategy 具有切换策略的大规模昂贵优化
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.23919/CSMS.2022.0013
Mai Sun;Chaoli Sun;Xiaobo Li;Guochen Zhang;Farooq Akhtar
Some optimization problems in scientific research, such as the robustness optimization for the Internet of Things and the neural architecture search, are large-scale in decision space and expensive for objective evaluation. In order to get a good solution in a limited budget for the large-scale expensive optimization, a random grouping strategy is adopted to divide the problem into some low-dimensional sub-problems. A surrogate model is then trained for each sub-problem using different strategies to select training data adaptively. After that, a dynamic infill criterion is proposed corresponding to the models currently used in the surrogate-assisted sub-problem optimization. Furthermore, an escape mechanism is proposed to keep the diversity of the population. The performance of the method is evaluated on CEC'2013 benchmark functions. Experimental results show that the algorithm has better performance in solving expensive large-scale optimization problems.
科学研究中的一些优化问题,如物联网的鲁棒性优化和神经结构搜索,在决策空间上是大规模的,客观评价的成本很高。为了在有限的预算下得到大规模昂贵优化问题的较好解,采用随机分组策略将问题划分为若干低维子问题。然后使用不同的策略自适应地选择训练数据,为每个子问题训练代理模型。然后,针对代理辅助子问题优化中常用的模型,提出了动态填充准则。此外,还提出了一种逃逸机制,以保持种群的多样性。在CEC 2013基准函数上对该方法的性能进行了评价。实验结果表明,该算法在求解昂贵的大规模优化问题方面具有较好的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal Design of Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Under Resource Preemption Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning 基于深度强化学习的资源抢占下柔性车间调度优化设计
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/CSMS.2022.0007
Zhen Chen;Lin Zhang;Xiaohan Wang;Pengfei Gu
With the popularization of multi-variety and small-batch production patterns, the flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSSP) has been widely studied. The sharing of processing resources by multiple machines frequently occurs due to space constraints in a flexible shop, which results in resource preemption for processing workpieces. Resource preemption complicates the constraints of scheduling problems that are otherwise difficult to solve. In this paper, the flexible job shop scheduling problem under the process resource preemption scenario is modeled, and a two-layer rule scheduling algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed to achieve the goal of minimum scheduling time. The simulation experiments compare our scheduling algorithm with two traditional metaheuristic optimization algorithms among different processing resource distribution scenarios in static scheduling environment. The results suggest that the two-layer rule scheduling algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning is more effective than the meta-heuristic algorithm in the application of processing resource preemption scenarios. Ablation experiments, generalization, and dynamic experiments are performed to demonstrate the excellent performance of our method for FJSSP under resource preemption.
随着多品种、小批量生产模式的普及,柔性作业车间调度问题得到了广泛的研究。在柔性车间中,由于空间的限制,经常会出现多台机器共享加工资源的情况,导致工件加工资源的抢占。资源抢占使原本难以解决的调度问题的约束复杂化。本文对进程资源抢占场景下的柔性作业车间调度问题进行了建模,提出了一种基于深度强化学习的两层规则调度算法,以实现调度时间最小的目标。仿真实验对静态调度环境下不同加工资源分配场景下的调度算法与传统的两种元启发式优化算法进行了比较。结果表明,在处理资源抢占场景下,基于深度强化学习的两层规则调度算法比元启发式算法更有效。通过消融实验、泛化实验和动态实验验证了该方法在资源抢占条件下的优良性能。
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引用次数: 0
Real-Time Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Simulation Using a Particle-Based Physical System 基于粒子物理系统的腹腔镜胆囊切除术实时仿真
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/CSMS.2022.0009
Hongyu Wu;Fan Ye;Yang Gao;Yu Cong;Aimin Hao
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is used to treat cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Because the high risk of the surgery prevents novice doctors from practicing it on real patients, VR-based surgical simulation has been developed to simulate surgical procedures to train surgeons without patients, cadavers, or animals. In this study, we propose a real-time system designed to provide plausible visual and tactile simulation of the main surgical procedures. To achieve this, the physical properties of organs are modeled by particles, and cluster-based shape matching is used to simulate soft deformation. The haptic interaction between tools and soft tissue is modeled as a collision between a capsule and particles. Constraint-based haptic rendering is used to generate feedback force and the non-penetrating position of the virtual tool. The proposed system can simulate the major steps of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, such as the anatomy of Calot's triangle, clipping of the cystic duct and biliary artery, disjunction of the cystic duct and biliary artery, and separation of the gallbladder bed. The experimental results show that haptic rendering can be performed at a high frequency (> 900 Hz), whereas mesh skinning and graphics rendering can be performed at 60 frames per second (fps).
腹腔镜胆囊切除术用于治疗胆囊炎和胆石症。由于手术的高风险使新手医生无法在真实患者身上进行实践,因此基于vr的手术模拟已经开发出来,可以模拟手术过程,以训练没有患者,尸体或动物的外科医生。在这项研究中,我们提出了一个实时系统,旨在提供合理的视觉和触觉模拟的主要手术过程。为了实现这一目标,用粒子来模拟器官的物理特性,并使用基于簇的形状匹配来模拟软变形。工具和软组织之间的触觉相互作用被建模为胶囊和粒子之间的碰撞。采用基于约束的触觉绘制方法生成反馈力和虚拟刀具的非穿透位置。该系统可以模拟腹腔镜胆囊切除术的主要步骤,如卡洛三角解剖、胆囊管与胆道动脉夹闭、胆囊管与胆道动脉分离、胆囊床分离等。实验结果表明,触觉渲染可以在高频率(> 900 Hz)下进行,而网格蒙皮和图形渲染可以在60帧/秒(fps)下进行。
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引用次数: 1
Q-Learning-Based Teaching-Learning Optimization for Distributed Two-Stage Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling with Fuzzy Processing Time 基于q学习的模糊处理时间下分布式两阶段混合流水车间调度的教-学优化
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/CSMS.2022.0002
Bingjie Xi;Deming Lei
Two-stage hybrid flow shop scheduling has been extensively considered in single-factory settings. However, the distributed two-stage hybrid flow shop scheduling problem (DTHFSP) with fuzzy processing time is seldom investigated in multiple factories. Furthermore, the integration of reinforcement learning and metaheuristic is seldom applied to solve DTHFSP. In the current study, DTHFSP with fuzzy processing time was investigated, and a novel Q-learning-based teaching-learning based optimization (QTLBO) was constructed to minimize makespan. Several teachers were recruited for this study. The teacher phase, learner phase, teacher's self-learning phase, and learner's self-learning phase were designed. The Q-learning algorithm was implemented by 9 states, 4 actions defined as combinations of the above phases, a reward, and an adaptive action selection, which were applied to dynamically adjust the algorithm structure. A number of experiments were conducted. The computational results demonstrate that the new strategies of QTLBO are effective; furthermore, it presents promising results on the considered DTHFSP.
在单工厂环境下,两阶段混合流水车间调度问题得到了广泛的研究。然而,对于具有模糊处理时间的分布式两阶段混合流水车间调度问题,研究较少。此外,在求解DTHFSP问题时,很少采用强化学习和元启发式方法的结合。本研究研究了处理时间模糊的DTHFSP,并构造了一种新的基于q学习的基于教学的优化方法(QTLBO),以最小化完工时间。几位教师被招募参加这项研究。设计了教师阶段、学习者阶段、教师自主学习阶段和学习者自主学习阶段。Q-learning算法由9个状态、4个动作(定义为上述阶段的组合)、一个奖励和一个自适应动作选择来实现,用于动态调整算法结构。进行了许多实验。计算结果表明,新的QTLBO策略是有效的;此外,在考虑的DTHFSP上给出了有希望的结果。
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引用次数: 13
Distributed Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problem Based on Hybrid Chemical Reaction Optimization Algorithm 基于混合化学反应优化算法的分布式柔性作业车间调度问题
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/CSMS.2022.0010
Jialei Li;Xingsheng Gu;Yaya Zhang;Xin Zhou
Economic globalization has transformed many manufacturing enterprises from a single-plant production mode to a multi-plant cooperative production mode. The distributed flexible job-shop scheduling problem (DFJSP) has become a research hot topic in the field of scheduling because its production is closer to reality. The research of DFJSP is of great significance to the organization and management of actual production process. To solve the heterogeneous DFJSP with minimal completion time, a hybrid chemical reaction optimization (HCRO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a novel encoding-decoding method for flexible manufacturing unit (FMU) is designed. Secondly, half of initial populations are generated by scheduling rule. Combined with the new solution acceptance method of simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, an improved method of critical-FMU is designed to improve the global and local search ability of the algorithm. Finally, the elitist selection strategy and the orthogonal experimental method are introduced to the algorithm to improve the convergence speed and optimize the algorithm parameters. In the experimental part, the effectiveness of the simulated annealing algorithm and the critical-FMU refinement methods is firstly verified. Secondly, in the comparison with other existing algorithms, the proposed optimal scheduling algorithm is not only effective in homogeneous FMUs examples, but also superior to existing algorithms in heterogeneous FMUs arithmetic cases.
经济全球化使许多制造企业从单厂生产模式转变为多厂合作生产模式。分布式柔性作业车间调度问题(DFJSP)由于其生产过程更接近实际,已成为调度领域的研究热点。DFJSP的研究对实际生产过程的组织与管理具有重要意义。为了在最短的完成时间内解决异构DFJSP问题,本文提出了一种混合化学反应优化算法。首先,针对柔性制造单元(FMU)设计了一种新的编解码方法。其次,半数初始种群由调度规则生成。结合模拟退火(SA)算法的新解接受方法,设计了一种改进的临界fmu方法,提高了算法的全局和局部搜索能力。最后,在算法中引入了精英选择策略和正交实验方法,提高了算法的收敛速度,优化了算法参数。在实验部分,首先验证了模拟退火算法和临界fmu细化方法的有效性。其次,通过与现有算法的比较,本文提出的最优调度算法不仅在同质fmu情况下有效,而且在异构fmu情况下优于现有算法。
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引用次数: 1
Multi-UAV Cooperative Trajectory Planning Based on Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm 基于多目标进化算法的多无人机协同轨迹规划
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/CSMS.2022.0006
Hui Bai;Tian Fan;Yuan Niu;Zhihua Cui
The trajectory planning of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is the core of efficient UAV mission execution. Existing studies have mainly transformed this problem into a single-objective optimization problem using a single metric to evaluate multi-UAV trajectory planning methods. However, multi-UAV trajectory planning evolves into a many-objective optimization problem due to the complexity of the demand and the environment. Therefore, a multi-UAV cooperative trajectory planning model based on many-objective optimization is proposed to optimize trajectory distance, trajectory time, trajectory threat, and trajectory coordination distance costs of UAVs. The NSGA-III algorithm, which overcomes the problems of traditional trajectory planning, is used to solve the model. This paper also designs a segmented crossover strategy and introduces dynamic crossover probability in the crossover operator to improve the solving efficiency of the model and accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of the multi-UAV cooperative trajectory planning algorithm, thereby addressing different actual needs.
多架无人机的飞行轨迹规划是无人机高效执行任务的核心。现有的研究主要是将该问题转化为单目标优化问题,使用单一度量来评估多无人机的轨迹规划方法。然而,由于需求和环境的复杂性,多无人机的轨迹规划演变为一个多目标优化问题。为此,提出了一种基于多目标优化的多无人机协同轨迹规划模型,对无人机的轨迹距离、轨迹时间、轨迹威胁和轨迹协调距离成本进行优化。采用NSGA-III算法求解该模型,克服了传统轨迹规划算法存在的问题。设计了分段交叉策略,并在交叉算子中引入动态交叉概率,提高了模型的求解效率,加快了算法的收敛速度。实验结果证明了多无人机协同轨迹规划算法的有效性,从而满足了不同的实际需求。
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引用次数: 7
A Region Enhanced Discrete Multi-Objective Fireworks Algorithm for Low-Carbon Vehicle Routing Problem 低碳车辆路径问题的区域增强离散多目标烟花算法
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/CSMS.2022.0008
Xiaoning Shen;Jiaqi Lu;Xuan You;Liyan Song;Zhongpei Ge
A constrained multi-objective optimization model for the low-carbon vehicle routing problem (VRP) is established. A carbon emission measurement method considering various practical factors is introduced. It minimizes both the total carbon emissions and the longest time consumed by the sub-tours, subject to the limited number of available vehicles. According to the characteristics of the model, a region enhanced discrete multi-objective fireworks algorithm is proposed. A partial mapping explosion operator, a hybrid mutation for adjusting the sub-tours, and an objective-driven extending search are designed, which aim to improve the convergence, diversity, and spread of the non-dominated solutions produced by the algorithm, respectively. Nine low-carbon VRP instances with different scales are used to verify the effectiveness of the new strategies. Furthermore, comparison results with four state-of-the-art algorithms indicate that the proposed algorithm has better performance of convergence and distribution on the low-carbon VRP. It provides a promising scalability to the problem size.
针对低碳车辆路径问题,建立了约束多目标优化模型。介绍了一种考虑多种实际因素的碳排放测量方法。在可用车辆数量有限的情况下,它最大限度地减少了总碳排放量和子旅行所消耗的最长时间。根据模型的特点,提出了一种区域增强的离散多目标烟花算法。设计了局部映射爆炸算子、用于调整子行程的混合突变算子和目标驱动扩展搜索,分别提高了算法产生的非支配解的收敛性、多样性和扩散性。通过9个不同规模的低碳VRP实例验证了新策略的有效性。此外,与四种最新算法的比较结果表明,该算法在低碳VRP上具有更好的收敛性能和分布性能。它为问题大小提供了一个很有前景的可伸缩性。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Dimensional Learning with a Tolerance Framework for the Differential Evolution Algorithm 差分进化算法的容差框架自适应维学习
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/CSMS.2022.0001
Wei Li;Xinqiang Ye;Ying Huang;Soroosh Mahmoodi
The Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm, which is an efficient optimization algorithm, has been used to solve various optimization problems. In this paper, adaptive dimensional learning with a tolerance framework for DE is proposed. The population is divided into an elite subpopulation, an ordinary subpopulation, and an inferior subpopulation according to the fitness values. The ordinary and elite subpopulations are used to maintain the current evolution state and to guide the evolution direction of the population, respectively. The inferior subpopulation learns from the elite subpopulation through the dimensional learning strategy. If the global optimum is not improved in a specified number of iterations, a tolerance mechanism is applied. Under the tolerance mechanism, the inferior and elite subpopulations implement the restart strategy and the reverse dimensional learning strategy, respectively. In addition, the individual status and algorithm status are used to adaptively adjust the control parameters. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, six state-of-the-art DE algorithm variants are compared on the benchmark functions. The results of the simulation show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other variant algorithms regarding function convergence rate and solution accuracy.
差分进化算法是一种高效的优化算法,已被用于解决各种优化问题。本文提出了一种基于容错框架的自适应维度学习方法。根据适应度值将种群划分为精英亚种群、普通亚种群和劣等亚种群。普通亚种群和精英亚种群分别用于维持种群当前的进化状态和引导种群的进化方向。劣等亚种群通过次元学习策略向精英亚种群学习。如果在指定次数的迭代中没有改进全局最优,则应用容差机制。在容忍机制下,劣势亚种群和精英亚种群分别实施重新启动策略和反向维度学习策略。此外,采用个体状态和算法状态自适应调节控制参数。为了评估该算法的性能,在基准函数上比较了六种最先进的DE算法变体。仿真结果表明,该算法在函数收敛速度和求解精度方面都优于其他变体算法。
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引用次数: 2
Differential Evolution with Level-Based Learning Mechanism 基于层次学习机制的差异进化
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/CSMS.2022.0004
Kangjia Qiao;Jing Liang;Boyang Qu;Kunjie Yu;Caitong Yue;Hui Song
To address complex single objective global optimization problems, a new Level-Based Learning Differential Evolution (LBLDE) is developed in this study. In this approach, the whole population is sorted from the best to the worst at the beginning of each generation. Then, the population is partitioned into multiple levels, and different levels are used to exert different functions. In each level, a control parameter is used to select excellent exemplars from upper levels for learning. In this case, the poorer individuals can choose more learning exemplars to improve their exploration ability, and excellent individuals can directly learn from the several best individuals to improve the quality of solutions. To accelerate the convergence speed, a difference vector selection method based on the level is developed. Furthermore, specific crossover rates are assigned to individuals at the lowest level to guarantee that the population can continue to update during the later evolutionary process. A comprehensive experiment is organized and conducted to obtain a deep insight into LBLDE and demonstrates the superiority of LBLDE in comparison with seven peer DE variants.
为了解决复杂的单目标全局优化问题,本文提出了一种新的基于层次的学习差分进化方法。在这种方法中,整个种群在每一代开始时从最好的到最差的排序。然后,将人口划分为多个层次,利用不同的层次发挥不同的功能。在每一层中,使用一个控制参数从上层中选择优秀的样本进行学习。在这种情况下,较差的个体可以选择更多的学习范例来提高自己的探索能力,优秀的个体可以直接向几个最优秀的个体学习,提高解决方案的质量。为了加快收敛速度,提出了一种基于层次的差分向量选择方法。此外,对最低水平的个体分配特定的交叉率,以保证种群在以后的进化过程中能够持续更新。组织并进行了全面的实验,以深入了解LBLDE,并与7种同类DE变体相比,证明了LBLDE的优越性。
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引用次数: 7
Motion Model of Floating Weather Sensing Node for Typhoon Detection 用于台风探测的浮动气象传感节点运动模型
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/CSMS.2021.0029
Hui Lu;Xinyu Dong;Xianbin Cao
To improve the accuracy of typhoon prediction, it is necessary to detect the internal structure of a typhoon. The motion model of a floating weather sensing node becomes the key to affect the channel frequency expansion performance and communication quality. This study proposes a floating weather sensing node motion modeling method based on the chaotic mapping. After the chaotic attractor is obtained by simulation, the position trajectory of the floating weather sensing node is obtained by space and coordinate conversion, and the three-dimensional velocity of each point on the position trajectory is obtained by multidimensional linear interpolation. On this basis, the established motion model is used to study the Doppler frequency shift, which is based on the software and physical platform. The software simulates the relative motion of the transceiver and calculates the Doppler frequency shift. The physical platform can add the Doppler frequency shift to the actual transmitted signal. The results show that this method can effectively reflect the influence of the floating weather sensing node motion on signal transmission. It is helpful to research the characteristics of the communication link and the design of a signal transceiver for typhoon detection to further improve the communication quality and to obtain more accurate interior structure characteristic data of a typhoon.
为了提高台风预报的准确性,有必要对台风的内部结构进行探测。浮动气象传感节点的运动模型是影响信道扩频性能和通信质量的关键。提出了一种基于混沌映射的浮动气象传感节点运动建模方法。仿真得到混沌吸引子后,通过空间和坐标转换得到浮动气象节点的位置轨迹,通过多维线性插值得到位置轨迹上各点的三维速度。在此基础上,利用所建立的运动模型,对多普勒频移进行了基于软件和物理平台的研究。该软件模拟了收发器的相对运动,并计算了多普勒频移。物理平台可以在实际发射信号的基础上增加多普勒频移。结果表明,该方法能有效反映浮动气象传感节点运动对信号传输的影响。研究通信链路的特性和台风探测信号收发器的设计,有助于进一步提高通信质量,获得更准确的台风内部结构特征数据。
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引用次数: 2
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复杂系统建模与仿真(英文)
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