Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991233
B. Kumwenda, W. Mwaku, D. Mulongoti, H. Louie
Zambia's national power grid is facing a constraint in meeting the present and expected future demand. Solar photovoltaic (PV) power is a promising option for large-scale renewable energy integration in Zambia as there is abundant insolation, averaging 5.5kWh/m2/day. However, large-scale integration of solar will increase the variability and uncertainty in the power supply, which can result in blackouts. This research investigates the maximum PV capacity that can be integrated into the existing Zambia grid while considering the ramp rate constraints of the existing generators. An optimal power flow using MATPOWER version 5.1 was performed using a transmission system model of the grid. The simulation used actual hourly load, generation and solar irradiance for a period of 1632 hours.
{"title":"Integration of solar energy into the Zambia power grid considering ramp rate constraints","authors":"B. Kumwenda, W. Mwaku, D. Mulongoti, H. Louie","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991233","url":null,"abstract":"Zambia's national power grid is facing a constraint in meeting the present and expected future demand. Solar photovoltaic (PV) power is a promising option for large-scale renewable energy integration in Zambia as there is abundant insolation, averaging 5.5kWh/m2/day. However, large-scale integration of solar will increase the variability and uncertainty in the power supply, which can result in blackouts. This research investigates the maximum PV capacity that can be integrated into the existing Zambia grid while considering the ramp rate constraints of the existing generators. An optimal power flow using MATPOWER version 5.1 was performed using a transmission system model of the grid. The simulation used actual hourly load, generation and solar irradiance for a period of 1632 hours.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"38 1","pages":"254-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83726008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991245
R. de Girardier, K. Folly
Power system stabilizers (PSSs) are generally used to damp low frequency oscillations. Usually, a classical PSS uses a fixed, second-order model, for which a mere tuning of its parameters is required. These controllers have been implemented successfully for many years. However, conventional PSSs may become inadequate when the operating conditions of the system are changing widely, because of the lack of robustness. For this reason, robust control method, specifically H∞ optimal control, has been proposed and applied to the design of PSSs. A characteristic of H∞ controller is that the order of the synthesized controller is high. This makes the controller complex and its implementation difficult. For easy implementation, it is desirable to obtain a low-order H∞ controller. One way to cope with higher order controller is to use a model reduction technique to reduce the controller's order. However, this may lead to some performance degradation. In this paper, the desired order of the controller is used as a constraint at the outset of the design process. The obtained low order controller is compared with a standard H∼ optimal controller which order has been reduced using conventional reduction techniques. It is shown that the controller obtained by imposing constraints at the design stage performs better than the one obtained using conventional reduction techniques.
{"title":"Design of a robust power system controller with constraints","authors":"R. de Girardier, K. Folly","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991245","url":null,"abstract":"Power system stabilizers (PSSs) are generally used to damp low frequency oscillations. Usually, a classical PSS uses a fixed, second-order model, for which a mere tuning of its parameters is required. These controllers have been implemented successfully for many years. However, conventional PSSs may become inadequate when the operating conditions of the system are changing widely, because of the lack of robustness. For this reason, robust control method, specifically H∞ optimal control, has been proposed and applied to the design of PSSs. A characteristic of H∞ controller is that the order of the synthesized controller is high. This makes the controller complex and its implementation difficult. For easy implementation, it is desirable to obtain a low-order H∞ controller. One way to cope with higher order controller is to use a model reduction technique to reduce the controller's order. However, this may lead to some performance degradation. In this paper, the desired order of the controller is used as a constraint at the outset of the design process. The obtained low order controller is compared with a standard H∼ optimal controller which order has been reduced using conventional reduction techniques. It is shown that the controller obtained by imposing constraints at the design stage performs better than the one obtained using conventional reduction techniques.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"38 1","pages":"322-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77281829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991230
Nathaniel J. Williams, P. Jaramillo, Benjamin Cornell, Isaiah Lyons-Galante, Ella Wynn
Lack of access to electricity is a major barrier to social and economic development in East Africa. Distributed systems like microgrids are gaining attention as a cost-effective way to extend electricity access to remote rural areas. Load characteristics are important for microgrid power generation system design and financial modeling. This paper characterizes the load profile characteristics of 11 microgrids that PowerGen Renewable Energy, a leading microgrid developer in East Africa, installed between June 2014 and October 2016. Using these empirical load data, we quantify a day-to-day variability factor and a time-step variability factor. These two factors could serve as inputs to HOMER to create synthetic load profiles for use in microgrid simulations. This information is important for practitioners and academics alike as microgrid models like HOMER are widely used to analyze the performance of microgrids, yet there is a lack of empirical data that can be used in these types of models.
{"title":"Load characteristics of East African microgrids","authors":"Nathaniel J. Williams, P. Jaramillo, Benjamin Cornell, Isaiah Lyons-Galante, Ella Wynn","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991230","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of access to electricity is a major barrier to social and economic development in East Africa. Distributed systems like microgrids are gaining attention as a cost-effective way to extend electricity access to remote rural areas. Load characteristics are important for microgrid power generation system design and financial modeling. This paper characterizes the load profile characteristics of 11 microgrids that PowerGen Renewable Energy, a leading microgrid developer in East Africa, installed between June 2014 and October 2016. Using these empirical load data, we quantify a day-to-day variability factor and a time-step variability factor. These two factors could serve as inputs to HOMER to create synthetic load profiles for use in microgrid simulations. This information is important for practitioners and academics alike as microgrid models like HOMER are widely used to analyze the performance of microgrids, yet there is a lack of empirical data that can be used in these types of models.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"1 1","pages":"236-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90285155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991226
S. Sewchurran, I. Davidson, O. Ojo
Historically, Eskom South Africa produced the cheapest electricity in the world, but this position has changed over the last decade due to several factors, such as constraints in building new generation plants within the country. This has led to under frequency load shedding and the doubling of electricity prices in the country. With the ongoing electricity price increases, connection of small scale embedded/distributed generation on the local electricity distribution networks is becoming an increasingly attractive prospect in South Africa. Electric utilities are faced with various concern in understanding the impacts arising from the potential uptake figures that these small scale distributed generation/embedded generation plants will have on their existing low voltage networks. This paper discusses the barriers and drivers of small scale residential rooftop solar PV. The eThekwini Municipality is utilized as a case study example.
{"title":"Drivers, barriers and a method for evaluating the feasibility of residential rooftop solar PV in Durban (part 2)","authors":"S. Sewchurran, I. Davidson, O. Ojo","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991226","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, Eskom South Africa produced the cheapest electricity in the world, but this position has changed over the last decade due to several factors, such as constraints in building new generation plants within the country. This has led to under frequency load shedding and the doubling of electricity prices in the country. With the ongoing electricity price increases, connection of small scale embedded/distributed generation on the local electricity distribution networks is becoming an increasingly attractive prospect in South Africa. Electric utilities are faced with various concern in understanding the impacts arising from the potential uptake figures that these small scale distributed generation/embedded generation plants will have on their existing low voltage networks. This paper discusses the barriers and drivers of small scale residential rooftop solar PV. The eThekwini Municipality is utilized as a case study example.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"30 1","pages":"214-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84131384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991232
M. W. Asmah, J. Myrzik, B. K. Ahunu, R. Baisie
In the light of economic growth in Ghana and the corresponding increase in electricity demand, power generation has been inadequate to meet the increasing demand. This has resulted in excessive pressure in the Ghanaian power system culminating in load shedding since 2012. As part of efforts to resolve the power supply deficit, construction of new generating units has begun, which are expected to come into operation within the year. These proposed generating units are mostly thermal and renewable energy units (predominantly wind and solar PV). The variable and intermittent nature of wind and solar PV (also known as variable renewable energies), introduce additional operational challenges in the power system. Against the backdrop of this challenge, questions arise on how the stability of the Ghanaian power system could be maintained especially as these renewable energy units are expected to be increased by the year 2020. In an effort to deal with this problem, the sole transmission system operator in Ghana, the Ghana Grid Company has proposed plans to reinforce the transmission system so as to accommodate the new generating units, especially the renewable energy units. This paper therefore reviews the measures being implemented to strengthen the Ghanaian transmission system. First and foremost, it identifies some of the expected technical challenges that may arise from the integration of renewable energies in Ghana's transmission system. The paper further presents the strategies being adopted to deal with the challenges and also discusses briefly the ‘Grid Optimization before Reinforcement before Expansion’ principle and proposes its adoption in the Ghanaian power system as an effective network planning strategy.
{"title":"Strengthening the Ghanaian transmission system to accommodate variable renewable energies","authors":"M. W. Asmah, J. Myrzik, B. K. Ahunu, R. Baisie","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991232","url":null,"abstract":"In the light of economic growth in Ghana and the corresponding increase in electricity demand, power generation has been inadequate to meet the increasing demand. This has resulted in excessive pressure in the Ghanaian power system culminating in load shedding since 2012. As part of efforts to resolve the power supply deficit, construction of new generating units has begun, which are expected to come into operation within the year. These proposed generating units are mostly thermal and renewable energy units (predominantly wind and solar PV). The variable and intermittent nature of wind and solar PV (also known as variable renewable energies), introduce additional operational challenges in the power system. Against the backdrop of this challenge, questions arise on how the stability of the Ghanaian power system could be maintained especially as these renewable energy units are expected to be increased by the year 2020. In an effort to deal with this problem, the sole transmission system operator in Ghana, the Ghana Grid Company has proposed plans to reinforce the transmission system so as to accommodate the new generating units, especially the renewable energy units. This paper therefore reviews the measures being implemented to strengthen the Ghanaian transmission system. First and foremost, it identifies some of the expected technical challenges that may arise from the integration of renewable energies in Ghana's transmission system. The paper further presents the strategies being adopted to deal with the challenges and also discusses briefly the ‘Grid Optimization before Reinforcement before Expansion’ principle and proposes its adoption in the Ghanaian power system as an effective network planning strategy.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"13 1","pages":"248-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88046613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991234
W. Lamula, J. Bamukunde, S. Chowdhury
This paper presents a technical and economic feasibility study for designing cost-effective and sustainable biomass-based energy generation system for a South African farm and neighbouring community in the Free State province. Biomass data collected from the farm is used to assess the energy potential of the available biomass and to design the energy generation scheme for the farm. Different system configurations with or without energy storage were studied and compared with respect to their optimum system architecture, cost-effectiveness, energy security and emission levels using HOMER. Out of all cases, case study 3 option of standalone biomass-based generating system without energy storage system, was found to be the most economically and technically feasible system configuration.
{"title":"Biomass-based clean energy generation for South African farms and rural community","authors":"W. Lamula, J. Bamukunde, S. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991234","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a technical and economic feasibility study for designing cost-effective and sustainable biomass-based energy generation system for a South African farm and neighbouring community in the Free State province. Biomass data collected from the farm is used to assess the energy potential of the available biomass and to design the energy generation scheme for the farm. Different system configurations with or without energy storage were studied and compared with respect to their optimum system architecture, cost-effectiveness, energy security and emission levels using HOMER. Out of all cases, case study 3 option of standalone biomass-based generating system without energy storage system, was found to be the most economically and technically feasible system configuration.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"21 1","pages":"260-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90963947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991275
J. Aredjodoun, K. Chabi-Sika, S. Houndedako, C. B. Mitokpè, A. Vianou, C. Espanet
This article proposes a different way of studying the performances of the structure of permanent magnet synchronous generator for small wind turbine. Thus, we make the two-dimensional study of the synchronous buried permanent magnet generator with flux concentration. It will be a question of studying the influence of the geometrical parameters of this generator on its performances: Effective no load flux, the phase resistance and cyclic inductance. We are interested in the parameters which appeared to us most relevant: dimensions of the permanent magnets, geometrical parameters principal expressing the obstruction of the machine and dimensions of the stator's teeth. Results of simulations obtained in the Matlab environment starting from the analytical model, we could identify the parameters which influence the performance of the generator positively and which could be used as variables of optimization.
{"title":"Performances of buried permanent magnet synchronous generator with flux concentration for the wind system","authors":"J. Aredjodoun, K. Chabi-Sika, S. Houndedako, C. B. Mitokpè, A. Vianou, C. Espanet","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991275","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a different way of studying the performances of the structure of permanent magnet synchronous generator for small wind turbine. Thus, we make the two-dimensional study of the synchronous buried permanent magnet generator with flux concentration. It will be a question of studying the influence of the geometrical parameters of this generator on its performances: Effective no load flux, the phase resistance and cyclic inductance. We are interested in the parameters which appeared to us most relevant: dimensions of the permanent magnets, geometrical parameters principal expressing the obstruction of the machine and dimensions of the stator's teeth. Results of simulations obtained in the Matlab environment starting from the analytical model, we could identify the parameters which influence the performance of the generator positively and which could be used as variables of optimization.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"26 1","pages":"495-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81578348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991272
S. Simelane, M. B. Ayanna
South Africa faces a two-fold energy challenge where it struggles to meet its electricity demand, while being one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases in Africa [1]. This sparks the urgent need for expert intervention, with focus placed on expanding the energy system in order to meet demand while becoming less carbon intensive. This paper describes CSIR's initiative in addressing these concerns. This is achieved by making the campus energy autonomous by supplying power from solar, wind and biogas. This paper focuses on performance analysis of the first solar PV plant to be implemented on campus.
{"title":"CSIR's single axis tracking solar PV plant performance analysis","authors":"S. Simelane, M. B. Ayanna","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991272","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa faces a two-fold energy challenge where it struggles to meet its electricity demand, while being one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases in Africa [1]. This sparks the urgent need for expert intervention, with focus placed on expanding the energy system in order to meet demand while becoming less carbon intensive. This paper describes CSIR's initiative in addressing these concerns. This is achieved by making the campus energy autonomous by supplying power from solar, wind and biogas. This paper focuses on performance analysis of the first solar PV plant to be implemented on campus.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"45 1","pages":"479-482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86583772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica.2017.7991283
M. Rao, Frank Akligo, Moses T. Tawiah, R. Mensah
Several utilities in Africa are planning to build Smart Distribution Management System (SDMS) to provide better customer service, improve reliability & quality of power supply and also improve commercial viability of their utilities. The SDMS architecture and design for each Utility has to be determined considering current operational status of distribution network, ability to mobilize resources to finance capital investment and anticipated benefits. This paper presents SDMS architecture and design for a Typical African Utility based on Consultant's hands on experience of working with African Utilities for more than a decade. A case study of implementing proposed SDMS for a Ghanaian utility, Northern Electricity Distribution Company (NEDCo) currently under progress is presented.
{"title":"Smart distribution management system","authors":"M. Rao, Frank Akligo, Moses T. Tawiah, R. Mensah","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2017.7991283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2017.7991283","url":null,"abstract":"Several utilities in Africa are planning to build Smart Distribution Management System (SDMS) to provide better customer service, improve reliability & quality of power supply and also improve commercial viability of their utilities. The SDMS architecture and design for each Utility has to be determined considering current operational status of distribution network, ability to mobilize resources to finance capital investment and anticipated benefits. This paper presents SDMS architecture and design for a Typical African Utility based on Consultant's hands on experience of working with African Utilities for more than a decade. A case study of implementing proposed SDMS for a Ghanaian utility, Northern Electricity Distribution Company (NEDCo) currently under progress is presented.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"25 1","pages":"538-543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82238705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991288
R. M. Mutupe, S. O. Osuri, M. J. Lencwe, S. Chowdhury
Electricity theft is a major challenge that is experienced not only in South Africa, but also in many other countries. This has an adverse effect on a country's economy. This paper discusses a system that detects electricity theft remotely, and a mechanism of curbing electricity theft. The approach used is that the electric current supplied from a distribution transformer is monitored at the distribution transformer side and at the consumer's side, as well. The difference in electrical current monitored from the distribution and consumer sides is used to establish whether electricity theft has occurred or not. The communication between the two monitoring units is based on the use of wireless technology. The reporting of electricity theft is established using the Wi-Fi space.
{"title":"Electricity theft detection system with RF communication between distribution and customer usage","authors":"R. M. Mutupe, S. O. Osuri, M. J. Lencwe, S. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991288","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity theft is a major challenge that is experienced not only in South Africa, but also in many other countries. This has an adverse effect on a country's economy. This paper discusses a system that detects electricity theft remotely, and a mechanism of curbing electricity theft. The approach used is that the electric current supplied from a distribution transformer is monitored at the distribution transformer side and at the consumer's side, as well. The difference in electrical current monitored from the distribution and consumer sides is used to establish whether electricity theft has occurred or not. The communication between the two monitoring units is based on the use of wireless technology. The reporting of electricity theft is established using the Wi-Fi space.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"11 1","pages":"566-572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79182659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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