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2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica最新文献

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An assessment of voltage rise phenomenon on existing eThekwini Electricity low-voltage distribution network 现有南非电力公司低压配电网电压上升现象的评估
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991229
Zama Goqo, S. Sewchurran, I. Davidson, O. Ojo
Rising energy costs, growing public concern about environmental impacts of fossil fuel energy generating resources and energy constraints of utilities across the globe have increased the relevance and need for alternative renewable energy resources at the customers point of use. In South Africa, there is a strong interest from electricity suppliers and customers in rooftop photovoltaic systems connection onto the electricity grid, in contrast to utilization of expensive conventional energy storage devices. Specifically, small scale projects are being planned for the near future at municipal level. However, there are known technical issues associated with large-scale connection of rooftop PV systems in low voltage distribution networks and need to be studied in detail and addressed prior commission. This paper presents results of a technical investigation of interconnection of residential rooftop PV systems on an existing low voltage distribution network, implemented in DIgSILENT PowerFactory, representing a housing estate development at eThekwini Electricity.
能源成本的上升,公众对化石燃料能源产生的环境影响的日益关注,以及全球公用事业的能源限制,都增加了在客户使用点对替代可再生能源的相关性和需求。在南非,与使用昂贵的传统能源储存装置相比,电力供应商和客户对屋顶光伏系统连接到电网有强烈的兴趣。具体来说,正在规划在不久的将来在市一级的小型项目。然而,在低压配电网中大规模连接屋顶光伏系统存在一些已知的技术问题,需要详细研究并在投入使用前解决。本文介绍了在现有低压配电网络上住宅屋顶光伏系统互连的技术调查结果,该技术在代表eThekwini电力公司住宅小区开发的DIgSILENT PowerFactory中实施。
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引用次数: 5
Providing electricity to remote communities with DC powered devices using solar PV systems 利用太阳能光伏系统为偏远社区提供直流供电设备
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991196
Ali Hassan, Y. Hamam
Distributed renewable power generation is a way to advancing affordable clean energy to remote locations far from the grid system. Solar energy is abundant everywhere across Africa hence socioeconomic life could be better with simple dispatchable distributed power infrastructure using cheaper, less complex DC systems and devices. People need to be empowered to reduce poverty, stop rural to urban migration and afford basic power. Cheaper optional DC powered domestic devices could be made available by manufacturers. Expensive power inversion (inverters) and transmission systems are unnecessary in this case. High-tech qualified professionals are not required for installations and operations of simple solar PV systems. Solar PV is straightforwardly dispatchable using DC devices.
分布式可再生能源发电是向远离电网系统的偏远地区提供负担得起的清洁能源的一种方式。太阳能在非洲到处都很丰富,因此,如果使用更便宜、更简单的分布式电力基础设施,使用不那么复杂的直流系统和设备,社会经济生活可能会更好。人们需要获得权力,以减少贫困,阻止农村向城市迁移,并负担基本电力。制造商可以提供更便宜的可选直流供电家用设备。在这种情况下,不需要昂贵的功率逆变器和传输系统。安装和操作简单的太阳能光伏系统不需要高科技专业人员。太阳能光伏可以直接使用直流设备进行调度。
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引用次数: 0
Optimisation of the allocation of solar PV generation capacity using grid support objectives 利用电网支持目标优化太阳能光伏发电容量的分配
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991224
V. Vermeulen, J. Strauss, H. Vermeulen
This paper presents the results of an optimisation analysis aimed at exploring the geographical allocation of solar PV generation capacity in the context of grid support considerations such as average daily yield and variability, with particular focus on the full year scenario compared to the high demand season. All problem cases were evaluated using a combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and pattern search techniques implemented via MATLAB's Global Optimization Toolbox. A hybrid pattern search method incorporating a GA search step produced the best overall solution quality, but could benefit from parameter adjustment to improve its solution consistency. The optimal allocations found for all objective functions are generally distinctly different for the full year scenario and the high demand season, indicating potential advantages in applying a seasonally variable feed-in tariff for solar PV generation. Meanwhile the objectives of daily energy maximisation and variability minimisation were found to produce contrasting results.
本文介绍了一项优化分析的结果,该分析旨在探索在电网支持考虑的背景下太阳能光伏发电容量的地理分配,如平均日产量和可变性,并特别关注与高需求季节相比的全年情景。使用遗传算法(GA)和模式搜索技术(通过MATLAB的全局优化工具箱实现)对所有问题案例进行评估。结合遗传算法搜索步骤的混合模式搜索方法可以获得最佳的整体解质量,但可以通过参数调整来提高其解的一致性。所有目标函数的最佳分配通常在全年情景和高需求季节明显不同,这表明对太阳能光伏发电应用季节性可变上网电价的潜在优势。同时,发现每日能量最大化和可变性最小化的目标产生了截然不同的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Energy saving system using a PIR sensor for classroom monitoring 节能系统采用PIR传感器进行教室监控
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991249
C. Twumasi, K. A. Dotche, W. Banuenumah, F. Sekyere
The work gives a report about the design of an energy saving system using a Passive Infrared Radio sensor to switch ‘off fan and light circuits in the classroom in the absence of students. When a student enters the classroom, the Infrared energy emitted from the living body is focused by the Fresnel lens segment and the PIR sensors activate and give to the microcontroller which acts as power saving device according to the relay. When motion is detected the relays trigger and switch the fan and light ‘on’ and after ten minutes to switch ‘off the fan and light when motion has not been detected. The fan only switches ‘on’ when the room attains a temperature of 25°C–30°C.
本工作报告了一种节能系统的设计,该系统使用被动红外无线电传感器在没有学生的教室里关闭风扇和照明电路。当学生进入教室时,活体发出的红外能量被菲涅耳透镜段聚焦,PIR传感器激活并根据继电器传递给作为节电装置的微控制器。当检测到运动时,继电器触发并开关风扇和灯“打开”,十分钟后,当未检测到运动时,关闭风扇和灯。只有当房间温度达到25°C - 30°C时,风扇才会“打开”。
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引用次数: 22
A conceptual framework for a campus power management system based on lecture schedules 基于课程表的校园电源管理系统的概念框架
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991231
Olasupo O. Ajayi, Sola E. Edagbami, Victor Odumuyiwa, C. Uwadia
Intelligent building energy management systems or smart building are gaining increasing attention amongst researchers and the society at large. There is an ever growing clamor for energy conservation both with a view of reducing carbon footprint and conserving natural resources. Recent reports have shown that buildings account for a large percentage of energy consumed in any given society; therefore managing power usage within buildings would go a long way in solving energy conservation challenges. Intelligent or smart building energy management systems have thus emanated in recent years as a potential answer. In this paper, a conceptual framework for the management of energy consumption within a building is presented. A department within a University is used as a case study and analytical simulations are done using the proposed framework which is based on lecture schedules. Obtained results show that if deployed, the proposed framework can result in energy savings of up to 25% daily.
智能建筑能源管理系统或智能建筑越来越受到研究者和社会的关注。从减少碳足迹和保护自然资源的角度来看,节能的呼声越来越高。最近的报告显示,在任何一个特定的社会中,建筑占能源消耗的很大比例;因此,管理建筑物内的电力使用将在解决节能挑战方面走很长的路。因此,智能或智能建筑能源管理系统近年来作为一种潜在的解决方案应运而生。本文提出了建筑能耗管理的概念框架。以大学内的一个部门为案例研究,并使用基于讲课时间表的拟议框架进行分析模拟。获得的结果表明,如果部署,所提出的框架可以每天节省高达25%的能源。
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引用次数: 1
A survey of differential flatness-based control applied to renewable energy sources 基于差分平面度的可再生能源控制研究进展
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991253
P. B. Ngancha, K. Kusakana, E. Markus
This paper presents an overview of various methods used to minimize the fluctuating impacts of power generated from renewable energy sources. Several sources are considered in the study (biomass, wind, solar, hydro and geothermal). Different control methods applied to their control are cited, alongside some previous applications. Hence, it further elaborates on the adoptive control principles, of which includes; Load ballast control, dummy load control, proportional integral and derivative (PID) control, proportional integral (PI) control, pulse-width modulation (PWM) control, buck converter control, boost converter control, pitch angle control, valve control, the rate of river flow at turbine, bidirectional diffuser-augmented control and differential flatness-based controller. These control operations in renewable energy power generation are mainly based on a steady-state linear control approach. However, the flatness based control principle has the ability to resolve the complex control problem of renewable energy systems while exploiting their linear properties. Using their flatness properties, feedback control is easily achieved which allows for optimal/steady output of the system components. This review paper highlights the benefits that range from better control techniques for renewable energy systems to established robust grid (or standalone generations) connections that can bring immense benefits to their operation and maintenance costs.
本文概述了用于最大限度地减少可再生能源发电波动影响的各种方法。研究中考虑了几种资源(生物质能、风能、太阳能、水能和地热)。不同的控制方法应用到他们的控制被引用,以及一些以前的应用。因此,进一步阐述了自适应控制原则,其中包括;负载镇流器控制、虚拟负载控制、比例积分和导数(PID)控制、比例积分(PI)控制、脉宽调制(PWM)控制、降压变换器控制、升压变换器控制、俯仰角控制、阀门控制、水轮机河水流速、双向扩散器增强控制和基于差分平面度的控制器。在可再生能源发电中,这些控制操作主要基于稳态线性控制方法。然而,基于平面度的控制原理在利用可再生能源系统的线性特性的同时,能够解决其复杂的控制问题。利用它们的平面特性,反馈控制很容易实现,这允许系统组件的最佳/稳定输出。这篇综述文章强调了可再生能源系统的好处,从更好的控制技术到建立强大的电网(或独立的世代)连接,可以为其运营和维护成本带来巨大的好处。
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引用次数: 4
Determination of the optimal power factor at which DG PV should be operated 确定DG PV应运行的最佳功率因数
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991256
Ekow Appiah Kwofie, Godfred Mensah, E. K. Anto
A number of studies have shown that better DG PV integration impacts, on the network are obtained when the DG PV are operated at lower power factors. However, at lower power factors, losses tend to increase, whilst voltage improvement is rather realized in the sub — transmission network. In this study, with the help of the CYME distribution software, the optimal impacts of varying the DG PV power factors on the ECG 33 kV sub — transmission network voltages and losses, are studied. The study revealed that as power factors at which DG PV is operated are reduced, bus voltages generally increase. However, losses rather tend to follow a U-shape trajectory. The minimum loss recorded in the sub-transmission network was 1.032 %, representing a 6.522 % reduction over the base case scenario value of 1.104 %. The corresponding optimal power factor of the DG PV was found to be 0.97.
许多研究表明,当DG PV在较低的功率因数下运行时,对网络的集成影响较好。然而,在较低的功率因数下,损耗有增大的趋势,而在分输电网中,电压的改善是相当明显的。本研究借助CYME配电软件,研究了不同DG光伏功率因数对心电33kv分输电网电压和损耗的最优影响。研究表明,随着DG PV运行时功率因数的降低,母线电压普遍升高。然而,损失倾向于遵循u型轨迹。子输电网络记录的最小损耗为1.032%,比基本情景值1.104%减少了6.522%。DG光伏的最优功率因数为0.97。
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引用次数: 2
Prevention of voltage collapse on the Nigerian 330 kV grid network using under-frequency load shedding scheme 利用低频减载方案预防尼日利亚330千伏电网电压崩溃
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991282
Ibrahim Adaji, A. G. Raji, J. Tsado
Study on use of UFLS scheme in the prevention of voltage collapse on Nigerian 330 kV network. The network was modelled using PSS/E. Three simulation cases were considered: case one determined the network convergence status, case two considered AC contingency study to see the network weak points and case three dealt with the situation of voltage collapse as occurred on the grid on 27th May, 2013 and the effect of using UFLS scheme on the network to prevent the collapse. The results obtained showed that the network frequency declined to 49.2 Hz and the voltages at the various buses without UFLS relays fell below 0.8 pu while with the use of UFLS scheme, the network was stable after shedding 15% of the load at each load bus, this was reflected on the bus voltage magnitudes which rose above 0.9 pu and the network frequency was restored to 50 Hz.
尼日利亚330 kV电网UFLS方案在防止电压崩溃中的应用研究。使用PSS/E对网络进行建模。考虑了三种仿真情况:案例一确定了电网的收敛状态,案例二考虑了交流应急研究,发现了电网的薄弱环节,案例三处理了2013年5月27日电网发生电压崩溃的情况,以及采用UFLS方案对电网防止崩溃的效果。结果表明,网络频率下降到49.2 Hz,未使用UFLS继电器的各母线电压降至0.8 pu以下,而使用UFLS方案后,各负载母线的负载下降15%后,网络稳定,这反映在母线电压幅度上升到0.9 pu以上,网络频率恢复到50 Hz。
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引用次数: 0
Imbalance energy in Southern African power pool 南非电力池的能源不平衡
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991259
S. Zimba, Michal Chudy, F. Janiček
Cross-border energy trading is one way of optimizing energy resources in interconnected electric power grids. Energy interchange is scheduled between electric power utilities through bilateral agreements or competitive electricity markets. Normally financial settlement of energy interchange is done based on agreed schedules, and not on actual metered energy. Yet, in a typical hour of delivery, a difference occurs between the agreed schedule and the actual metered energy. This difference is referred to as imbalance energy. If not properly managed, imbalance energy exposes electric power utilities to considerable technical and commercial risks. The objective of this study is to clarify relation between imbalance energy and other variables using long term quantitative data from operation of Southern African Power Pool (SAPP). Quantitative data from official archives such as Area Control Error and Frequency deviation are presented in this study. Although relation between these variables is theoretically well defined, each balancing authority is using slightly different regulations. This study shows operation of SAPP by analyzing statistic data covering 3.5 years.
跨境能源交易是互联电网中能源资源优化的一种方式。电力公司之间通过双边协议或竞争性电力市场安排能源交换。通常,能源交换的财务结算是根据商定的时间表完成的,而不是根据实际计量的能源。然而,在一个典型的交付小时内,商定的时间表和实际计量的能量之间会出现差异。这种差异被称为能量不平衡。如果管理不当,能源不平衡将使电力公司面临相当大的技术和商业风险。本研究的目的是利用南部非洲电力联营(SAPP)运行的长期定量数据,阐明能源不平衡与其他变量之间的关系。本研究提供了来自官方档案的定量数据,如区域控制误差和频率偏差。虽然这些变量之间的关系在理论上定义得很好,但每个平衡机构使用的规则略有不同。本研究通过分析3.5年的统计数据来展示SAPP的运作情况。
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引用次数: 4
Capacity optimization of a community microgrid for rural electrification 面向农村电气化的社区微电网容量优化
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991262
Alexander A. Anderson, S. Suryanarayanan, R. Podmore
An algorithm is developed for optimization of photovoltaic and energy storage capacity of small community microgrids for rural electrification without diesel or other thermal backup. The developed algorithm is applied to a case study of the Madan Community in Jiwaka Province, Papua New Guinea. A series of community microgrids are being installed to provide electricity, high speed intranet, and digital education in community centers, schools, and homes. The optimization results will be used to create a set of standardized designs based on the IEEE Smart Village microgrid topology for electrification of communities throughout Jiwaka Province.
提出了一种无柴油或其他热备份的农村电气化小社区微电网光伏和储能容量优化算法。开发的算法应用于巴布亚新几内亚吉瓦卡省Madan社区的案例研究。正在安装一系列社区微电网,为社区中心、学校和家庭提供电力、高速内部网和数字教育。优化结果将用于创建一套基于IEEE智能村微电网拓扑的标准化设计,用于整个吉瓦卡省的社区电气化。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica
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