Pub Date : 2017-07-27DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991274
S. Nolan, S. Strachan, P. Rakhra, D. Frame
1.2 billion people, predominantly living in remote rural regions in countries of the Global South, currently live without access to any modern source of energy. Options for electrification of these communities include extending existing national grid infrastructure, deploying mini-grids, and installing standalone home systems (SHS). Deriving the most cost effective means of delivering energy to these consumers is a complex, multidimensional problem that normally requires determination on a case-by-case basis. However, optimization of the network planning may help to maximize the socio-economic return of the installed energy system. This paper presents an optimization process that minimizes the installation cost of a mix of generation sources for a rural mini-grid using a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) technique. Minimizing the cost of distribution layout is first formulated as a capacitated minimum spanning tree (CMST) problem and solved using the Esau-Williams method. Multiple cable sizes and source locations are then added to create a multi-level capacitated minimum spanning tree (MLCMST) problem, solved via a Genetic Algorithm (GA) employing Prim-Pred encoding. The method is applied to a case study village in India.
{"title":"Optimized network planning of mini-grids for the rural electrification of developing countries","authors":"S. Nolan, S. Strachan, P. Rakhra, D. Frame","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991274","url":null,"abstract":"1.2 billion people, predominantly living in remote rural regions in countries of the Global South, currently live without access to any modern source of energy. Options for electrification of these communities include extending existing national grid infrastructure, deploying mini-grids, and installing standalone home systems (SHS). Deriving the most cost effective means of delivering energy to these consumers is a complex, multidimensional problem that normally requires determination on a case-by-case basis. However, optimization of the network planning may help to maximize the socio-economic return of the installed energy system. This paper presents an optimization process that minimizes the installation cost of a mix of generation sources for a rural mini-grid using a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) technique. Minimizing the cost of distribution layout is first formulated as a capacitated minimum spanning tree (CMST) problem and solved using the Esau-Williams method. Multiple cable sizes and source locations are then added to create a multi-level capacitated minimum spanning tree (MLCMST) problem, solved via a Genetic Algorithm (GA) employing Prim-Pred encoding. The method is applied to a case study village in India.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"13 1","pages":"489-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80460337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991242
D. Freier, R. Ramirez-Iniguez, C. Gamio, T. Jafry, F. Muhammad-Sukki
Portable solar chargers have been gaining popularity as a new technology to help increase electrification in rural areas in developing countries. It is a fast developing industry aiming to produce a low-cost solution for the application of off-grid solar lighting and charging of small devices to be used by the poorest and most vulnerable of society. Solar concentrators are proposed as an add-on to help further reduce costs, to increase light-output hours and to reduce charging time. So far, no suitable concentrator designs have been proposed. This paper presents a novel concept for the design of a static nonimaging concentrator, suitable for portable solar systems for developing countries. The novel concentrator design is compared with existing concentrators and its suitability for portable solar chargers, as well as its potential for further improvement, are highlighted.
{"title":"Novel nonimaging solar concentrator for portable solar systems for developing countries","authors":"D. Freier, R. Ramirez-Iniguez, C. Gamio, T. Jafry, F. Muhammad-Sukki","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991242","url":null,"abstract":"Portable solar chargers have been gaining popularity as a new technology to help increase electrification in rural areas in developing countries. It is a fast developing industry aiming to produce a low-cost solution for the application of off-grid solar lighting and charging of small devices to be used by the poorest and most vulnerable of society. Solar concentrators are proposed as an add-on to help further reduce costs, to increase light-output hours and to reduce charging time. So far, no suitable concentrator designs have been proposed. This paper presents a novel concept for the design of a static nonimaging concentrator, suitable for portable solar systems for developing countries. The novel concentrator design is compared with existing concentrators and its suitability for portable solar chargers, as well as its potential for further improvement, are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"1 1","pages":"307-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80387388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991192
M. Musau, Terry. L. Chepkania, A. N. Odero, C. Wekesa
Renewable Energy (RE) units especially grid connected Wind and Solar PV which have no rotational inertia are effectively displacing the conventional generators and their rotating systems. This reduces both the cost of generation and environmental effects. However, this has implications on the frequency stability in that frequency dynamics become faster with low inertia. This makes frequency control complex and difficult and thus frequency stability becomes challenging. The frequency deviation should be kept small as Damaging Vibrations (DV) and Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) occur for large deviations in the worst case, leading to total black out. For example, in Kenya, there has been increased penetration of RE especially wind and solar into the grid. On Tuesday 7th June 2016 at 1130Hrs, a nationwide black out hit the country for almost three hours when a monkey tripped at transformer at Gitaru Hydroelectric Power Station, leading to a loss of more than 180MW from the grid. This paper revisits Frequency Stability, UFLS and proposes a Combined Frequency with Renewable Energy Storage Cost (CFS) approach for mitigating frequency instability with RE. A brief outline of the Kenyan Case is also provided.
{"title":"Effects of renewable energy on frequency stability: A proposed case study of the Kenyan grid","authors":"M. Musau, Terry. L. Chepkania, A. N. Odero, C. Wekesa","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991192","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable Energy (RE) units especially grid connected Wind and Solar PV which have no rotational inertia are effectively displacing the conventional generators and their rotating systems. This reduces both the cost of generation and environmental effects. However, this has implications on the frequency stability in that frequency dynamics become faster with low inertia. This makes frequency control complex and difficult and thus frequency stability becomes challenging. The frequency deviation should be kept small as Damaging Vibrations (DV) and Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) occur for large deviations in the worst case, leading to total black out. For example, in Kenya, there has been increased penetration of RE especially wind and solar into the grid. On Tuesday 7th June 2016 at 1130Hrs, a nationwide black out hit the country for almost three hours when a monkey tripped at transformer at Gitaru Hydroelectric Power Station, leading to a loss of more than 180MW from the grid. This paper revisits Frequency Stability, UFLS and proposes a Combined Frequency with Renewable Energy Storage Cost (CFS) approach for mitigating frequency instability with RE. A brief outline of the Kenyan Case is also provided.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"29 1","pages":"12-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80464598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991199
Uma Uzubi, A. Ekwue, E. Ejiogu
This paper presents a unique and efficient artificial neural network (ANN) based fault detection, classification and location on part of the Nigerian 132kV transmission line. The objective is to evaluate the performance of ANN based relays connected at both ends of the lines using feed-forward non-linear supervised back propagation algorithm with Levenberg-marguardt network topology. Using the PSCAD/EMTP software, the faults from both ends of the transmission lines are generated and fed into that same line using two different 132kV voltage sources with several variations of fault inception angle, location and resistance. The faults currents are then extracted, processed and divided into training and testing data using MATLAB software. The results obtained from the simulations are validated using real-data extracted from microprocessor based relay connected to Aba-Umuahia 132kVtransmission line. The results demonstrate the ability of ANN to correctly identify, classify and localize an actual fault occurring on that transmission line with high accuracy.
{"title":"Artificial neural network technique for transmission line protection on Nigerian power system","authors":"Uma Uzubi, A. Ekwue, E. Ejiogu","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991199","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a unique and efficient artificial neural network (ANN) based fault detection, classification and location on part of the Nigerian 132kV transmission line. The objective is to evaluate the performance of ANN based relays connected at both ends of the lines using feed-forward non-linear supervised back propagation algorithm with Levenberg-marguardt network topology. Using the PSCAD/EMTP software, the faults from both ends of the transmission lines are generated and fed into that same line using two different 132kV voltage sources with several variations of fault inception angle, location and resistance. The faults currents are then extracted, processed and divided into training and testing data using MATLAB software. The results obtained from the simulations are validated using real-data extracted from microprocessor based relay connected to Aba-Umuahia 132kVtransmission line. The results demonstrate the ability of ANN to correctly identify, classify and localize an actual fault occurring on that transmission line with high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"18 1","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85134483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991246
R. Mathe, K. Folly
In recent years, there has been a large increase in power demand without corresponding increase in power generation. With the issues around global warming, the use of renewable energy such as wind and solar has gained popularity. Renewable energy is clean, sustainable (will never run out), environmentally friendly. In addition, it requires a relatively low maintenance and running costs. Many countries are looking into integrating wind farms into their grids so as to reduce their carbon emissions, increase energy security and possibly create jobs. Although wind energy has many advantages, the integration of wind farms into the power grid may cause some problems due to the random nature of wind. Increasing penetration levels of wind power is expected to impact on the stability of the system, in particular voltage stability. Commonly used wind generator technologies are: Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG), Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and the Direct-Drive Synchronous Generator (DDSG). The SCIG is a fixed speed wind generator whilst the DFIG and DDSG are variable speed wind generators. This paper investigates the impact of large scale grid-connected wind generators on the power system network. It is shown that the voltage stability of the system depends to a large extend on the wind generator technology used. The SCIG wind turbines can reduce the system reactive power reserve margins. The higher the integration of the SCIG wind farm, the more the reactive power margins are reduced. Overall, the system is more vulnerable to voltage instability with SCIG wind farms. Variable speed wind generators on the other hand tend to have a better performance when connected to the grid. The integration of DFIG and/or DDSG greatly improves the reactive power margins of the system and thereby the voltage stability of the system.
{"title":"Impact of large scale grid-connected wind generators on the power system network","authors":"R. Mathe, K. Folly","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991246","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a large increase in power demand without corresponding increase in power generation. With the issues around global warming, the use of renewable energy such as wind and solar has gained popularity. Renewable energy is clean, sustainable (will never run out), environmentally friendly. In addition, it requires a relatively low maintenance and running costs. Many countries are looking into integrating wind farms into their grids so as to reduce their carbon emissions, increase energy security and possibly create jobs. Although wind energy has many advantages, the integration of wind farms into the power grid may cause some problems due to the random nature of wind. Increasing penetration levels of wind power is expected to impact on the stability of the system, in particular voltage stability. Commonly used wind generator technologies are: Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG), Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and the Direct-Drive Synchronous Generator (DDSG). The SCIG is a fixed speed wind generator whilst the DFIG and DDSG are variable speed wind generators. This paper investigates the impact of large scale grid-connected wind generators on the power system network. It is shown that the voltage stability of the system depends to a large extend on the wind generator technology used. The SCIG wind turbines can reduce the system reactive power reserve margins. The higher the integration of the SCIG wind farm, the more the reactive power margins are reduced. Overall, the system is more vulnerable to voltage instability with SCIG wind farms. Variable speed wind generators on the other hand tend to have a better performance when connected to the grid. The integration of DFIG and/or DDSG greatly improves the reactive power margins of the system and thereby the voltage stability of the system.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"14 1","pages":"328-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78775501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991201
E. Hamatwi, M. N. Gitau, I. Davidson
Wind energy has recently become the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly amongst other renewable energy resources. However, since wind resource is intermittent in nature, the wind power output is inconsistent. Therefore, a control system needs to be implemented to ensure that maximum power is extracted from the wind resource at a wide range of wind speeds to optimize the performance of the wind turbine. This paper deals with the control of the rotor speed of a 2MW direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator to perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Vector-oriented control technique is used to control the machine-side converter and the types of controllers used are the phase-lead, phase-lag and lead-lag compensators. The proposed wind energy conversion system was implemented in PSIM software and the control system modelling has been carried out in MATLAB using bode plots and step-response curves. The overall system's performance analysis and validation were carried out by simulation. The results obtained show that the MPPT controller enabled the power generated by the WT to closely track pre-determined optimal power curves. This shows that MPPT was ensured when the wind speed was less than the wind turbine's rated wind speed.
{"title":"Control of a direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind turbine to achieve maximum wind-power extraction","authors":"E. Hamatwi, M. N. Gitau, I. Davidson","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991201","url":null,"abstract":"Wind energy has recently become the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly amongst other renewable energy resources. However, since wind resource is intermittent in nature, the wind power output is inconsistent. Therefore, a control system needs to be implemented to ensure that maximum power is extracted from the wind resource at a wide range of wind speeds to optimize the performance of the wind turbine. This paper deals with the control of the rotor speed of a 2MW direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator to perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Vector-oriented control technique is used to control the machine-side converter and the types of controllers used are the phase-lead, phase-lag and lead-lag compensators. The proposed wind energy conversion system was implemented in PSIM software and the control system modelling has been carried out in MATLAB using bode plots and step-response curves. The overall system's performance analysis and validation were carried out by simulation. The results obtained show that the MPPT controller enabled the power generated by the WT to closely track pre-determined optimal power curves. This shows that MPPT was ensured when the wind speed was less than the wind turbine's rated wind speed.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"20 1","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87711526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991219
Judy M. Amanor-Boadu, E. Sánchez-Sinencio, M. W. Asmah
The development of the energy sector and the corresponding universal access to electricity is crucial in the developmental growth of any nation. Sub-Saharan Africa with its massive population, a thirteenth of the world's population, currently has only 31.69% of its people with access to electricity. Considering the remote locations of most ‘unelectrified’ communities, it becomes almost impossible to achieve universal access to electricity without considering stand-alone solar systems. Stand-alone solar photovoltaic systems cannot be considered without taking into account energy storage and their associated charging systems. As access to electricity has been directly linked to affordability, there is the need to make such systems affordable, versatile, and long lasting. Designing charging systems that improve the performance of the energy storage solutions used in stand-alone applications thus becomes important in the overall utilization of stand-alone solar photovoltaic systems. This paper presents a universal battery charging, management, and equalization system that focuses on fast charging, increased battery life cycle, and adaptability to different battery technologies. The proposed battery charging and management system incorporates a front-end dc-dc converter with maximum power point tracking, a novel pulse charger, and a battery pack equalization circuit for effective energy distribution. Preliminary results take into account the different charging scenarios and variability of sunlight to ensure that the proposed system is adaptable to various conditions. Simulation analysis is modeled after a 100 W solar panel charging a 12.6 V 25 Ah battery.
能源部门的发展和相应的电力普及对任何国家的发展增长都至关重要。撒哈拉以南非洲拥有庞大的人口，占世界人口的十三分之一，目前只有31.69%的人能用上电。考虑到大多数“未通电”社区的偏远地区，如果不考虑独立的太阳能系统，几乎不可能实现普遍供电。如果不考虑能量储存及其相关的充电系统，就不能考虑独立的太阳能光伏系统。由于获得电力与可负担性直接相关，因此有必要使这种系统负担得起、用途广泛且持久。因此，设计能够提高独立应用中使用的能量存储解决方案性能的充电系统对于独立太阳能光伏系统的整体利用变得非常重要。本文提出了一种通用的电池充电、管理和均衡系统，其重点是快速充电，延长电池寿命周期，并适应不同的电池技术。所提出的电池充电与管理系统包括具有最大功率点跟踪功能的前端dc-dc转换器、新型脉冲充电器和用于有效能量分配的电池组均衡电路。初步结果考虑了不同的充电场景和阳光的可变性，以确保拟议的系统能够适应各种条件。仿真分析是在100w太阳能电池板对12.6 V 25 Ah电池充电后建立的。
{"title":"A universal fast battery charging and management solution for stand-alone solar photovoltaic home systems in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Judy M. Amanor-Boadu, E. Sánchez-Sinencio, M. W. Asmah","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991219","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the energy sector and the corresponding universal access to electricity is crucial in the developmental growth of any nation. Sub-Saharan Africa with its massive population, a thirteenth of the world's population, currently has only 31.69% of its people with access to electricity. Considering the remote locations of most ‘unelectrified’ communities, it becomes almost impossible to achieve universal access to electricity without considering stand-alone solar systems. Stand-alone solar photovoltaic systems cannot be considered without taking into account energy storage and their associated charging systems. As access to electricity has been directly linked to affordability, there is the need to make such systems affordable, versatile, and long lasting. Designing charging systems that improve the performance of the energy storage solutions used in stand-alone applications thus becomes important in the overall utilization of stand-alone solar photovoltaic systems. This paper presents a universal battery charging, management, and equalization system that focuses on fast charging, increased battery life cycle, and adaptability to different battery technologies. The proposed battery charging and management system incorporates a front-end dc-dc converter with maximum power point tracking, a novel pulse charger, and a battery pack equalization circuit for effective energy distribution. Preliminary results take into account the different charging scenarios and variability of sunlight to ensure that the proposed system is adaptable to various conditions. Simulation analysis is modeled after a 100 W solar panel charging a 12.6 V 25 Ah battery.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"15 1","pages":"174-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85665022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991263
A. Eales, D. Frame, P. Dauenhauer, Blessings Kambombo, Philimon Kamanga
An energy audit has been conducted for the Dedza district in Malawi, which required the development and implementation of a multidisciplinary options appraisal methodology involving a literature review; solar, wind and hydro resource assessment; household and business surveys; focus group discussions and expert interviews. A decision making tool was developed to score and rank renewable energy technologies based on defined input criteria. Due to low income levels and limited capacity, small scale, low access, technologies such as pico-solar products were found to have the highest potential for widespread uptake over the district. Other innovative uses of solar energy including solar home systems and productive uses of solar also score highly due to good solar resource in the district, modularity and ease of implementation. Wind and hydro systems are ranked lower due to limited resource and lack of local capacity to implement.
{"title":"Electricity access options appraisal in Malawi: Dedza district case study","authors":"A. Eales, D. Frame, P. Dauenhauer, Blessings Kambombo, Philimon Kamanga","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991263","url":null,"abstract":"An energy audit has been conducted for the Dedza district in Malawi, which required the development and implementation of a multidisciplinary options appraisal methodology involving a literature review; solar, wind and hydro resource assessment; household and business surveys; focus group discussions and expert interviews. A decision making tool was developed to score and rank renewable energy technologies based on defined input criteria. Due to low income levels and limited capacity, small scale, low access, technologies such as pico-solar products were found to have the highest potential for widespread uptake over the district. Other innovative uses of solar energy including solar home systems and productive uses of solar also score highly due to good solar resource in the district, modularity and ease of implementation. Wind and hydro systems are ranked lower due to limited resource and lack of local capacity to implement.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"54 1","pages":"429-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81322903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991200
G. Fandi, Famous O. Igbinovia, I. Ahmad, J. Svec, Z. Muller
Wind turbine designs and production is an advance high-tech technology when considering design features from different manufacturers. The design of a wind turbine gearbox is demanding owing to loading and environmental circumstances in which the gearbox must function, Hence, the need for gearless wind turbine designs. As a replacement for gearbox, gearless wind turbine technology can be used, this actually causes the turbine to be more reliable, by reducing downtime and repair costs, an important special consideration for offshore turbines, a place or terrain some more costly to dispatch skilled workers to carry out maintenance operations. This paper analysis a gearless variable speed wind turbine system with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). Modelling and simulation of the gearless variable speed wind turbine scheme with PMSG is implemented by utilizing MATLAB/Simulink software. Results shows that the wind turbine has the capability to sustain an electric-power scheme. This research work is beneficial to Model, simulate and analyze the influence of changes in wind speed and Q-reference of a variable speed wind turbine system with permanent magnet synchronous generator.
{"title":"Modeling and simulation of a gearless variable speed wind turbine system with PMSG","authors":"G. Fandi, Famous O. Igbinovia, I. Ahmad, J. Svec, Z. Muller","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991200","url":null,"abstract":"Wind turbine designs and production is an advance high-tech technology when considering design features from different manufacturers. The design of a wind turbine gearbox is demanding owing to loading and environmental circumstances in which the gearbox must function, Hence, the need for gearless wind turbine designs. As a replacement for gearbox, gearless wind turbine technology can be used, this actually causes the turbine to be more reliable, by reducing downtime and repair costs, an important special consideration for offshore turbines, a place or terrain some more costly to dispatch skilled workers to carry out maintenance operations. This paper analysis a gearless variable speed wind turbine system with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). Modelling and simulation of the gearless variable speed wind turbine scheme with PMSG is implemented by utilizing MATLAB/Simulink software. Results shows that the wind turbine has the capability to sustain an electric-power scheme. This research work is beneficial to Model, simulate and analyze the influence of changes in wind speed and Q-reference of a variable speed wind turbine system with permanent magnet synchronous generator.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"59 1","pages":"59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85625489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991190
X. G. Magagula, Y. Hamam, J. Jordaan, A. Yusuff
This paper presents a technique of fault feature extraction, detection and classification of short circuit faults in a power distribution network. A reduced 88 kV power distribution network is modelled in Digsilent Power Factory. Transient fault current signals of various types of faults are then subsequently obtained through an Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) study on the model. A Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to extract features from transient fault currents measured at the source terminal of the network. The extracted features are subsequently fed into a Support Vector Machine (SVM) in order to detect and classify various types of faults. The method uses the first two cycles of the transient fault current measured at the source terminal after the fault inception. A hybrid technique using DWT and SVM is thus proposed. The feasibility of the proposed technique is tested using Matlab. The results of the proposed fault feature extraction, detection and classification technique showed that various types of faults in a power distribution network can be detected and classified accurately.
{"title":"Fault detection and classification method using DWT and SVM in a power distribution network","authors":"X. G. Magagula, Y. Hamam, J. Jordaan, A. Yusuff","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991190","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a technique of fault feature extraction, detection and classification of short circuit faults in a power distribution network. A reduced 88 kV power distribution network is modelled in Digsilent Power Factory. Transient fault current signals of various types of faults are then subsequently obtained through an Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) study on the model. A Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to extract features from transient fault currents measured at the source terminal of the network. The extracted features are subsequently fed into a Support Vector Machine (SVM) in order to detect and classify various types of faults. The method uses the first two cycles of the transient fault current measured at the source terminal after the fault inception. A hybrid technique using DWT and SVM is thus proposed. The feasibility of the proposed technique is tested using Matlab. The results of the proposed fault feature extraction, detection and classification technique showed that various types of faults in a power distribution network can be detected and classified accurately.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87202759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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