Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991207
A. A. Salami, A. Ajavon, K. A. Dotche, Koffi Sa-Bedja
This paper investigates the charging time constant reduction of supercapacitors with regard to some identified key parameters. These parameters involved are consistent with the Equivalent Series Resistances and the Double layer Capacitance in Stern's Model. The charging parameters have been considered and simulated in Matlab environment. The simulation results have indicated that the effect of capacitance of Electrical Double Layer on the charge time is more significant. However, it is noted that by varying some parameters such as reducing the relative permittivity of the electrolyte, active surface, and also increasing Helmholtz layer thickness contributed in improving the charging time of supercapacitor.
{"title":"Investigating the charging time of supercapacitors using Stern's model","authors":"A. A. Salami, A. Ajavon, K. A. Dotche, Koffi Sa-Bedja","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991207","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the charging time constant reduction of supercapacitors with regard to some identified key parameters. These parameters involved are consistent with the Equivalent Series Resistances and the Double layer Capacitance in Stern's Model. The charging parameters have been considered and simulated in Matlab environment. The simulation results have indicated that the effect of capacitance of Electrical Double Layer on the charge time is more significant. However, it is noted that by varying some parameters such as reducing the relative permittivity of the electrolyte, active surface, and also increasing Helmholtz layer thickness contributed in improving the charging time of supercapacitor.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"28 8 1","pages":"105-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82727772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991281
M. J. Lencwe, S. Daniel Chowdhury, T. Olwal
Currently, Transport Vehicles (TVs) use Lead-Acid Batteries (LABs) for starting, lighting, igniting (SLI) and energy storage. Unfortunately LABs face significant performance failure rate due to over-charging, under-charging, degradation of protection systems amongst other issues. It is due to these reasons that the proposed research study seeks to enhance the performance of LABs for TVs (LABs-TVs). This will be done by developing a strategy for enhancing the performance in terms of lifespan, storage capacity and efficiency for LABs-TVs. The technical solution will be proposed by first analyzing the existing technologies deployed around the world (i.e Europe, China, South Africa, United Kingdom and America). The research study will then identify emerging technologies regarding battery charging/ discharging and storage mechanisms for LABs-TVs. The research will then develop a new strategy for enhancing the performance of LABs-TVs. This strategy will be based on an automatic charging/ discharging level control technique characterized by the chemical composition of existing LABs-TVs. The strategy developed will comprise of the new algorithm for charging/ discharging LABs on single charger regardless of their chemical compositions. This new algorithm will control the charging current and voltage as well as the operating environmental temperature for LABs. The proposed strategy will then be validated using Matlab/Simulink tool. Because of the inherent technical advantages that will be derived from the literature, resulting strategy is most likely expected to improve the performance of LABs-TVs.
{"title":"Performance studies of lead acid batteries for transport vehicles","authors":"M. J. Lencwe, S. Daniel Chowdhury, T. Olwal","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991281","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, Transport Vehicles (TVs) use Lead-Acid Batteries (LABs) for starting, lighting, igniting (SLI) and energy storage. Unfortunately LABs face significant performance failure rate due to over-charging, under-charging, degradation of protection systems amongst other issues. It is due to these reasons that the proposed research study seeks to enhance the performance of LABs for TVs (LABs-TVs). This will be done by developing a strategy for enhancing the performance in terms of lifespan, storage capacity and efficiency for LABs-TVs. The technical solution will be proposed by first analyzing the existing technologies deployed around the world (i.e Europe, China, South Africa, United Kingdom and America). The research study will then identify emerging technologies regarding battery charging/ discharging and storage mechanisms for LABs-TVs. The research will then develop a new strategy for enhancing the performance of LABs-TVs. This strategy will be based on an automatic charging/ discharging level control technique characterized by the chemical composition of existing LABs-TVs. The strategy developed will comprise of the new algorithm for charging/ discharging LABs on single charger regardless of their chemical compositions. This new algorithm will control the charging current and voltage as well as the operating environmental temperature for LABs. The proposed strategy will then be validated using Matlab/Simulink tool. Because of the inherent technical advantages that will be derived from the literature, resulting strategy is most likely expected to improve the performance of LABs-TVs.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"27 1","pages":"528-532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76147460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991238
M. Agbomahena, A. Houngan, B. Kounouhewa, A. Vianou
To support the development of low-cost sustainable photovoltaic technologies in countries with limited economic resources but abundant solar radiation (As Benin in West Africa) we investigate in this study physical properties (anode transmittance and active layer absorption) to improve energy conversion performance. The devices fabricated in air yield almost similar performances that those fabricated in N2, confirming that the fabrication process can be carried out in simple environmental conditions. This paper discusses the optical absorption of PCBM([6,6]-phényl-C61-butiryc acid methyl ester) and PC70BM(methano-fullerene-[6,6]-phenyl-C71-methyl butyrate) films spin coated at different velocity and different concentration of P3HT(Poly-3-hexylthiophen). The optimum thickness of the active layer is determined by a compromise between optimization of absorption (thick film) and transportation (thin film). Annealing temperature and duration is the same for different films and this target to improve photovoltaic device performance.
{"title":"Absorption effeciency of two pulieren derivative use as acceptors in organic active layer for photovoltaic device made in ambient atmosphere","authors":"M. Agbomahena, A. Houngan, B. Kounouhewa, A. Vianou","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991238","url":null,"abstract":"To support the development of low-cost sustainable photovoltaic technologies in countries with limited economic resources but abundant solar radiation (As Benin in West Africa) we investigate in this study physical properties (anode transmittance and active layer absorption) to improve energy conversion performance. The devices fabricated in air yield almost similar performances that those fabricated in N2, confirming that the fabrication process can be carried out in simple environmental conditions. This paper discusses the optical absorption of PCBM([6,6]-phényl-C61-butiryc acid methyl ester) and PC70BM(methano-fullerene-[6,6]-phenyl-C71-methyl butyrate) films spin coated at different velocity and different concentration of P3HT(Poly-3-hexylthiophen). The optimum thickness of the active layer is determined by a compromise between optimization of absorption (thick film) and transportation (thin film). Annealing temperature and duration is the same for different films and this target to improve photovoltaic device performance.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"79 1","pages":"286-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88749087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991271
Oladipupo A. Ogunnubi, O. Ajala, Ikponmwosa Idehen
In light of the inadequate state of Nigerias power sector in comparison to the US, this paper proposes a plug-and-play microgrid concept or Microgrid-as-a-Service (MaaS) for application in an urban Nigeria setting. We focus on an islanded microgrid setup wherein the microgrid will not need the grid-connectivity functionality, ceteris paribus. Under the MaaS plaform, customers can switch between the grid and microgrid power. A dispatcher, similar to an independent operator, coordinates the power flows and transactions in the grid. In particular, the dispatchers functions and decisions are guided within the constraints of ensuring the stable microgrid.
{"title":"A proposal for a microgrid service in urban Nigeria","authors":"Oladipupo A. Ogunnubi, O. Ajala, Ikponmwosa Idehen","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991271","url":null,"abstract":"In light of the inadequate state of Nigerias power sector in comparison to the US, this paper proposes a plug-and-play microgrid concept or Microgrid-as-a-Service (MaaS) for application in an urban Nigeria setting. We focus on an islanded microgrid setup wherein the microgrid will not need the grid-connectivity functionality, ceteris paribus. Under the MaaS plaform, customers can switch between the grid and microgrid power. A dispatcher, similar to an independent operator, coordinates the power flows and transactions in the grid. In particular, the dispatchers functions and decisions are guided within the constraints of ensuring the stable microgrid.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"70 1","pages":"474-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85893475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991260
A. Adoghe, O. Eberechukwu, T. Sanni
The power crisis problem is getting worse in the developing countries. Measures are being taken to overcome the power shortage problem by efficiently utilizing the available power. Replacement of high-power consumption lamps with energy efficient lamps is also among these steps. One of those energy efficient lamps is the light emitting diode (LED). However, LED lamps have low power factor. This paper will compare the power factor of eight (8) commercial LED bulbs and five (5) Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) prevalent in the Nigerian market using the Plug-In Power & Energy Monitor. The results show that the power factor of most LED bulbs in the market range from as low as 0.08–0.5, whereas CFLs range from 0.55–0.66. Though LED bulbs are claimed to be energy efficient, low power factor energy bulbs results in increased I2R losses, thus deepening the power crises already existing in the region.
{"title":"The effect of low power factor led lamp invasion on the utility grid: A case study of Nigerian market","authors":"A. Adoghe, O. Eberechukwu, T. Sanni","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991260","url":null,"abstract":"The power crisis problem is getting worse in the developing countries. Measures are being taken to overcome the power shortage problem by efficiently utilizing the available power. Replacement of high-power consumption lamps with energy efficient lamps is also among these steps. One of those energy efficient lamps is the light emitting diode (LED). However, LED lamps have low power factor. This paper will compare the power factor of eight (8) commercial LED bulbs and five (5) Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) prevalent in the Nigerian market using the Plug-In Power & Energy Monitor. The results show that the power factor of most LED bulbs in the market range from as low as 0.08–0.5, whereas CFLs range from 0.55–0.66. Though LED bulbs are claimed to be energy efficient, low power factor energy bulbs results in increased I2R losses, thus deepening the power crises already existing in the region.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"15 1","pages":"413-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89259993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991267
Isaac Kofi Otchere, D. O. Ampofo, E. Frimpong
Shunt Active Power Filters (APFs) play an important role in mitigating load current related power quality (PQ) challenges. Their dynamic performance largely depends on the control technique deployed. This paper proposes a simple and novel 2nd order low pass filter (LPF) wavelet based control scheme for Shunt APF. The control technique is driven on the concept of wavelet based multiresolution analysis (MRA) where only one level of the pyramid is deployed to extract the fundamental frequency component of an unbalance and non-linear load current. Second order generalized integrators (SOGIs) are then employed to extract the positive sequence component with less than 1 cycle delay. Matlab/Simulink simulations are carried out to validate the proposed technique under several operating conditions using the Synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory based control as benchmark.
{"title":"A 2nd order LPF wavelet based control scheme for shunt active power filter","authors":"Isaac Kofi Otchere, D. O. Ampofo, E. Frimpong","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991267","url":null,"abstract":"Shunt Active Power Filters (APFs) play an important role in mitigating load current related power quality (PQ) challenges. Their dynamic performance largely depends on the control technique deployed. This paper proposes a simple and novel 2nd order low pass filter (LPF) wavelet based control scheme for Shunt APF. The control technique is driven on the concept of wavelet based multiresolution analysis (MRA) where only one level of the pyramid is deployed to extract the fundamental frequency component of an unbalance and non-linear load current. Second order generalized integrators (SOGIs) are then employed to extract the positive sequence component with less than 1 cycle delay. Matlab/Simulink simulations are carried out to validate the proposed technique under several operating conditions using the Synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory based control as benchmark.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"319 1","pages":"444-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91476972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991251
Usman Munawar, J. Janjua, Z. Khan
Pakistan is developing country and its industry is progressing towards excellence. Government has profound interest in improving the challenges of energy. Energy is key problem which effect process industry production and exports. This paper discusses the study that focused on identification of energy problems in country. Energy potential in Pakistan and development of smart industry in terms of energy systems. Policy and framework for industry upgradation accompanied with microgrid development in industries will improve the production standards of industries in Pakistan.
{"title":"Smart industry based energy framework for Pakistan energy sector","authors":"Usman Munawar, J. Janjua, Z. Khan","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991251","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is developing country and its industry is progressing towards excellence. Government has profound interest in improving the challenges of energy. Energy is key problem which effect process industry production and exports. This paper discusses the study that focused on identification of energy problems in country. Energy potential in Pakistan and development of smart industry in terms of energy systems. Policy and framework for industry upgradation accompanied with microgrid development in industries will improve the production standards of industries in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"19 1","pages":"358-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82527799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991218
Jonathan O. Okoronkwo, O. Ojo
Squirrel-cage induction generator wind power plant requires the provision of reactive power for self-excitation and to sustain the generated voltage. The Katsina wind power plant comprising of several squirrel cage generators, each has a fixed capacitor bank connected in shunt to the wind turbine generator provide the needed reactive power. These capacitors are selected to enable the excitation of the generators under various wind speeds which are greater than the cut in speed. All of these generators, through underground cables are connected to the main substation. This solution has limitations of under or over-exciting the generators depending on the wind speeds and the local load demand. Furthermore, because of the voltage drops in the underground cables and potential faults in the lines connecting the substation to the wider power systems, the voltages at the turbine terminals and the substation can vary leading to potential under-voltage and over voltage problems. Especially in weak power systems — such as the Nigeria power systems — Static Var Compensators (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM) which provide variable reactive power (both leading and lagging) as when needed to maintain the substation voltage at the rated and desired values.
{"title":"Possible interconnections for the Katsina wind farm using synchronous compensators (STATCOM)","authors":"Jonathan O. Okoronkwo, O. Ojo","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991218","url":null,"abstract":"Squirrel-cage induction generator wind power plant requires the provision of reactive power for self-excitation and to sustain the generated voltage. The Katsina wind power plant comprising of several squirrel cage generators, each has a fixed capacitor bank connected in shunt to the wind turbine generator provide the needed reactive power. These capacitors are selected to enable the excitation of the generators under various wind speeds which are greater than the cut in speed. All of these generators, through underground cables are connected to the main substation. This solution has limitations of under or over-exciting the generators depending on the wind speeds and the local load demand. Furthermore, because of the voltage drops in the underground cables and potential faults in the lines connecting the substation to the wider power systems, the voltages at the turbine terminals and the substation can vary leading to potential under-voltage and over voltage problems. Especially in weak power systems — such as the Nigeria power systems — Static Var Compensators (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM) which provide variable reactive power (both leading and lagging) as when needed to maintain the substation voltage at the rated and desired values.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"24 1","pages":"169-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78568501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991261
A. U. Adoghe, C. Awosope, A. Airoboman, C. E. Owuama
In line with the United Nations framework Convention on climate change, developing and using renewable Solar energy Sources have become vital for ensuring energy sustainability in Sub-Sahara Africa. Energy poverty is becoming a serious issue and there is every need to harness all available opportunity in dealing with this menace. This paper, therefore, proposes a solar heating system for residential use. The device is controlled with the aid of an integral control mechanism for maximum efficiency. The system when developed will provide a cost saving advantage in addition to reducing the impact associated with heating load on the national grid.
{"title":"Implemetation of solar water heating system for a sustainable environment in Sub-Sahara Africa","authors":"A. U. Adoghe, C. Awosope, A. Airoboman, C. E. Owuama","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991261","url":null,"abstract":"In line with the United Nations framework Convention on climate change, developing and using renewable Solar energy Sources have become vital for ensuring energy sustainability in Sub-Sahara Africa. Energy poverty is becoming a serious issue and there is every need to harness all available opportunity in dealing with this menace. This paper, therefore, proposes a solar heating system for residential use. The device is controlled with the aid of an integral control mechanism for maximum efficiency. The system when developed will provide a cost saving advantage in addition to reducing the impact associated with heating load on the national grid.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"42 1","pages":"418-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75585230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991248
Kuseso Onai, O. Ojo
Plug-in electric vehicles are the driving force behind a paradigm not only in the auto industry but also in the electric power sector. This paper explores the possibility of plug-in electric vehicles serving as electrical energy storage (EES) devices in a microgrid-in the so called vehicle-to-grid concept in Ghana. A vehicle-to-grid technology assisted microgrid is proposed as a solution to address the shortcomings that are likely to prevent the widespread adoption of renewable energy resource (RES) based microgrid and the use of electric vehicles in Ghana. Interestingly, when RES based microgrid and plug-in electric vehicles are put together into the so called vehicle-to-grid assisted microgrid, they compensate for the shortcomings of each other. An overview of the essential components of the vehicle-to-grid concept is presented. Vehicle-to-grid technology presents an opportunity to offer services such as frequency regulation (in an aggregated scheme), voltage regulation and power balance to a microgrid despite the intermittent nature of power from renewable energy resources used in the grid. In spite of these attractive opportunities, high initial cost, rapid battery degradation and increased stresses on power system equipment are inhibiting the wide scale adoption of the vehicle-to-grid concept. It was determined that, in Ghana where frequent power outage is common, an additional battery switch station needs to be created to guarantee continuous supply of power to both electric vehicle and other loads connected to the microgrid especially in islanding mode of operation.
{"title":"Yehicle-to-grid technology assisted microgrid in Ghana: Opportunities and challenges","authors":"Kuseso Onai, O. Ojo","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2017.7991248","url":null,"abstract":"Plug-in electric vehicles are the driving force behind a paradigm not only in the auto industry but also in the electric power sector. This paper explores the possibility of plug-in electric vehicles serving as electrical energy storage (EES) devices in a microgrid-in the so called vehicle-to-grid concept in Ghana. A vehicle-to-grid technology assisted microgrid is proposed as a solution to address the shortcomings that are likely to prevent the widespread adoption of renewable energy resource (RES) based microgrid and the use of electric vehicles in Ghana. Interestingly, when RES based microgrid and plug-in electric vehicles are put together into the so called vehicle-to-grid assisted microgrid, they compensate for the shortcomings of each other. An overview of the essential components of the vehicle-to-grid concept is presented. Vehicle-to-grid technology presents an opportunity to offer services such as frequency regulation (in an aggregated scheme), voltage regulation and power balance to a microgrid despite the intermittent nature of power from renewable energy resources used in the grid. In spite of these attractive opportunities, high initial cost, rapid battery degradation and increased stresses on power system equipment are inhibiting the wide scale adoption of the vehicle-to-grid concept. It was determined that, in Ghana where frequent power outage is common, an additional battery switch station needs to be created to guarantee continuous supply of power to both electric vehicle and other loads connected to the microgrid especially in islanding mode of operation.","PeriodicalId":6601,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"126 1","pages":"341-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90400039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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