Journal of Porous Materials最新文献

In this study, an environmentally and efficient nanopores-catalyst was prepared by functionalization of copper complex of 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)urea on Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15). A new ligand was designed to modify the SBA-15 surface to achieve a high-performance catalyst. The novel ligand on modified SBA-15 proved to be an effective host for immobilizing Cu(II) ions. The synthesised catalyst (Cu-B[d]TU@SBA-15) was characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, WDX, BET, EDS, AAS, and FT-IR techniques. Cu-B[d]TU@SBA-15 catalyst was successfully applied in the synthesis of tetrazoles through [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of sodium azide (NaN₃) and derivatives of nitrile. In the application test of this catalyst, all tetrazole products were synthesized with high yields and TOF values. In synthesizing tetrazoles, the catalyst shows high yields in short reaction times at 120 °C in polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) as a cheap and green solvent. The synthesized tetrazoles were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and melting point data. Also, the prepared catalyst showed high reusability and was reused 5 times without significantly decreasing of its catalytic activity. The stability of Cu-B[d]TU@SBA-15 catalyst was confirmed by leaching test, and also, SEM, XRD, FT-IR and AAS techniques after reusing.

Recently, hybrid architectured metal oxide-based electrodes have garnered significant attention as high-performing redox-type electrodes due to their enhanced electroactive surface area and abundant redox-active sites. However, most reported strategies rely on multi-step and complex fabrication procedures, which limit scalability and practical implementation of hybrid electrode materials. Herein, we report the fabrication of hybrid porous CuCo₂O₄ nanoarchitectures composed of ultrathin nanosheets integrated with nanoparticles on carbon cloth using a simple and single-step wet-chemical synthesis method. Structural analysis confirmed the formation of a pure cubic spinel CuCo₂O₄ phase, while electron microscopy revealed a porous, interconnected architecture that enhances ion transport and electrolyte accessibility in supercapacitor applications. Specifically, the CuCo₂O₄ with interconnected nanosheet framework provides a high electroactive area and short diffusion paths, while the embedded CuCo₂O₄ nanoparticles improve electron transport and mechanical stability. Electrochemical analysis of the binder-free hybrid CuCo₂O₄ electrode revealed excellent redox behavior and diffusion-dominated charge storage process with a capacitance of 971.5 mF cm⁻² (313.3 F g⁻¹) and capacity of ~ 388.6 mC cm⁻² (125.4 C g⁻¹) at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹. The hybrid CuCo₂O₄ electrode also demonstrated high-rate capability of 81% at 10 A g⁻¹ (787.3 mF cm⁻²; 253.9 F g⁻¹) at high current density of 10 A g⁻¹ with long-term cycling durability of 93.6% after 8000 cycles, indicating the robust durability of the electrode material. The high-rate capability and redox-type behavior of hybrid CuCo₂O₄ nanostructures with excellent cycling stability could be used as promising electrode for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors.

Mesoporous nanocarbons have gained significant attention as multifunctional materials for electrocatalysis and energy storage. This work reports a sol-gel strategy using trace fumed silica (3 wt%) to construct nanocarbon with predominant mesoporosity (96% mesopore surface area). The obtained material features uniform 6 ~ 8 nm mesopores and well-defined nanostructures. Systematic characterization indicates that the fumed silica simultaneously blocks existing micropores and suppresses new micropore formation during carbonization, reducing microporosity to 3% surface area. When supporting low Pt loading (5 wt%), this mesoporous carbon demonstrates superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) durability, showing a 30 mV half-wave potential shift after 30,000 cycles under accelerated durability testing. This performance surpasses commercial Pt/C (64 mV shift after 3,000 cycles) by an order of magnitude in cycle stability. Enhanced durability correlates with the fumed silica radical scavenging capability. This pore-engineering approach offers a practical route to design stable catalyst support through controlled mesopore construction.

This research presents the development of nanoscale nickel–cobalt oxide (NiCo₂O₄) and nickel tungstate (NiWO₄) sheet-like structures, vertically grown on a pliable nickel foam through a hydrothermal synthesis process, followed by heat treatment. Structural and morphological characteristics of the NiCo₂O₄@NiWO₄/Ni foam architecture were explored using techniques such as, XRD, SEM and XPS. These ultrathin nanosheets were subsequently utilized as electrode materials for supercapacitor fabrication. The composite electrode exhibited an outstanding charge storage capacity of 1178 F g⁻¹ when tested at 1 A g⁻¹, and retained a high capacitance of 1101 F g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹. Long-term stability testing revealed a capacitance retention of 93.4% after 5000 continuous charge–discharge cycles at the same current density. The hybrid system significantly outperformed electrodes made solely of NiCo₂O₄, demonstrating enhanced electrochemical properties. Furthermore, a hybrid energy storage device was assembled using the NiCo₂O₄@NiWO₄/Ni foam as the positive terminal and activated carbon supported on Ni foam as the negative terminal. This device delivered an energy density of 60.5 Wh kg⁻¹ along with a power output of 850 W kg⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹. These findings confirm that the synergistic interaction within the composite material contributes to its effectiveness as a promising electrode candidate for advanced supercapacitor applications.

Bifunctional catalysts based on SAPO-11 molecular sieves show high selectivity in the hydroisomerization of C₁₆₊ n-paraffins. However, their efficiency is reduced due to diffusion limitations which negatively affect their activity and selectivity. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an approach to optimize the crystallization of hierarchical molecular sieves of SAPO-11 using aluminum isopropoxide and different dialkylamines (ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and butyl) as structure directing agents (SDA). The use of a complex of analytical methods (XRF, XRD, ²⁷Al/³¹P MAS NMR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM/TEM) allowed us to establish the relationship between the molecular weight of SDA, the reactivity of the gels and the formation of hierarchical porosity. It has been shown that the use of dipropyl-, diisopropyl- and dibutylamines results in the formation of amorphous xerogel-like structures with a particle size of 2–10 nm, while diethylamine contributes to the formation of a layered phase with a particle size of ~ 300 nm. An increase in the molecular weight of SDA significantly weakens the interaction between Al and P precursors, leading to the formation of nanocrystals with different structural characteristics. A comparative analysis revealed that among the SDAs studied, it is diisopropylamine that provides the formation of primary crystallites of minimal size (~ 50 nm), forming a hierarchically porous structure (S_BET = 254 m²/g, V_meso = 0.22 cm³/g). Catalytic tests have confirmed the excellent activity and selectivity of SAPO-11 synthesized using diisopropylamine due to its improved diffusion properties. A correlation has been established between the chemical nature and size of SDA with the key characteristics of SAPO-11 (morphology, crystal size, and porosity). This correlation renders it possible to purposefully design catalytic systems for the hydroisomerization of C₁₆₊ n-paraffins.

Graphical Abstract

Zeolite synthesis using common composite building units (CBUs) can eliminate barriers for zeolite seeds that needs to be synthesized with OSDA, heavy or precious metal ions and extremely long synthesis time. We present the fast synthesis of CHA zeolites with exotic KFI seeds for the first time. The crystallization behavior of CHA zeolites was studied concerning gel composition, temperature and duration. Adjusting water content and alkalinity in the starting gel is essential for synthesizing pure-phase CHA zeolites with high crystallinity. Pure-phase CHA zeolites can be quickly synthesized at 150 °C for 8 to 12 h with various gel compositions. Success relies on the targeted CHA zeolite products sharing composite building unit of double six ring (D6R) structure with KFI zeolite seeds. N₂, CO₂ and CH₄ adsorption properties on the as-synthesized CHA zeolites were studied at 77 K and room temperature. A high CO₂ adsorption capacity of ca. 90 cm³/g and CO₂/CH₄ ideal selectivity of 7.3 could be achieved at P/P₀ of 0.5. The results suggest that the as-synthesized CHA zeolite crystals may be suitable for pressure swing adsorption.

A Cu²⁺ (Cu@MOP-Am2) embedded mesoporous triazine framework material with carboxamide functionality has been developed as a selective heterogeneous support catalyst for the oxidation of benzylic C–H bonds in methylarenes. The C–H activation reactions in methylarenes, followed by oxidation to aldehydes, show significant selectivity, stability, and reactivity for various substrates with considerable yields. The PXRD, XPS, SEM-EDS, BET, and auxiliary analytical methods are employed to characterize the materials’ properties and sustainability. DFT calculation is performed to support a free radical mechanistic pathway involving nucleophilic C–H activation, further substantiated by experimental data. The experimental process is straightforward, and the catalyst’s stability and reusability ensure a satisfactory green weighing scale.

Excessive boron levels in seawater pose serious risks to human health, marine ecosystems, and the safety of desalinated water. Although conventional detection methods offer high sensitivity, they are often hindered by high costs, complex protocols, and limited portability. This study introduces a simple, cost-effective, and interference-resistant electrochemical sensor for trace boron detection in seawater. A mesoporous carbon–poly(resorcinol) (poly(RC) nanocomposite sensor was developed by modifying a carbon paste electrode (CPE) with mesoporous carbon (MC), followed by electropolymerization of resorcinol. The synergistic integration of MC and poly(RC) significantly enhanced sensor performance by increasing the electrode’s surface area, facilitating faster electron transfer, and promoting selective boron complexation. The MC contributed high conductivity and porous structure for efficient ion diffusion, while poly(RC) provided boron-binding functional groups through cyclic ester formation. The MC, synthesized via an organic–organic assembly route, exhibited a high surface area (446.53 m²/g) and bimodal pores (~ 2 nm and ~ 10 nm), confirmed through XRD, SEM, TEM, and BET analyses. The optimized sensor (7 mg MC, pH 3.0, scan rate 0.1 V/s) showed a threefold increase in electroactive surface area (0.004 cm²) compared to the bare electrode. It achieved a wide linear range (45–115 μM), excellent linearity (R² = 0.991), and low LOD (0.124 μM) and LOQ (0.415 μM). Interference from common ions (Fe³⁺, K⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Mn²⁺, Sr²⁺) was minimal (± 5.1%), owing to synergistic effects of size exclusion, preferential boron complexation, and electrostatic repulsion (ζ-potential = –32.4 mV). Notably, Sr²⁺ tolerance improved by 67% over alizarin-based sensors without using masking agents. Real and synthetic seawater validations showed recovery rates of 91.2–95.7%, confirming applicability. The sensor also exhibited strong sustainability profiles under Enhanced GAPI, AGREE, NEMI, Eco-Scale, and BAGI, supporting its alignment with green and blue analytical chemistry principles.

Graphical Abstract

Herein, silica nanoparticles (SNPs), anatase (ANPs), and anatase-silica nanocomposite (ASNC) are synthesized by the sol-gel route and then capped with cinnamon nanoparticles for antimicrobial analysis. The ASNC exhibited spherical morphology with wide pores, roughness of ~ 4 nm, small crystallite size of 2.3 nm, refractive index of 1.52, and surface area of 441 m²/g. Cinnamon functionalized SNPs, ANPs, and ASNC are applied for anti-bacterial checking against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia. coli. The antimicrobial analysis confirmed that ASNC shows efficient performance against Staphylococcus aureus compared to Escherichia. Coli.

In this study, a well-interconnected porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam was successfully fabricated via a one-pot synthesis approach using particulate spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a bio-based porogen. The incorporation of SCG induced pore formation through differential solvent evaporation of hexane during thermal curing, eliminating the need for additional post-treatment steps. The resulting PDMS/SCG foams exhibited excellent absorption performance toward hydrophobic contaminants, such as oils and organic solvents, with an absorption capacity ranging from 5.51 to 16.77 g/g when 10 wt% SCG was added. The foams retained stable mechanical integrity and demonstrated reusability over 10 absorption–desorption cycles. Excessive SCG content above 40 wt% (relative to PDMS pre-polymer) negatively affected mechanical stability, as confirmed by external force tests. These results suggest that the direct utilization of biomass-derived SCG as a functional pore-forming agent offers a promising strategy for the sustainable fabrication of high-performance absorbents. The developed porous PDMS/SCG foam shows significant potential for use in selective oil/water and organic solvent/water separation under environmentally relevant conditions.