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2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)最新文献

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Modeling Social Interaction Based on Joint Motion Significance 基于关节运动意义的社会互动建模
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2018.8594436
N. Cho, Sang Hyoung Lee, Tae-Joung Kwon, I. Suh, Hong-Seok Kim
In this paper, we propose a method to model social interaction between a human and a virtual avatar. To this end, two human performers fist perform social interactions according to the Learning from Demonstration paradigm. Then, the relative relevance of all joints of both performers should be reasonably modeled based on human demonstrations. However, among all possible combinations of relative joints, it is necessary to select only some of the combinations that play key roles in social interaction. We select such significant features based on the joint motion significance, which is a metric to measure the significance degree by calculating both temporal entropy and spatial entropy of all human joints from a Gaussian mixture model. To evaluate our proposed method, we performed experiments on five social interactions: hand shaking, hand slapping, shoulder holding, object passing, and target kicking. In addition, we compared our method to existing modeling methods using different metrics, such as principal component analysis and information gain.
在本文中,我们提出了一种方法来模拟人类和虚拟化身之间的社会互动。为此,两名人类表演者首先根据“从示范中学习”范式进行社会互动。然后,两个表演者的所有关节的相对相关性应该基于人类示范合理地建模。然而,在所有可能的相对关节组合中,有必要只选择一些在社会互动中起关键作用的组合。我们根据关节运动显著性来选择这些显著性特征,关节运动显著性是通过计算高斯混合模型中所有人体关节的时间熵和空间熵来衡量显著性程度的度量。为了评估我们提出的方法,我们对五种社会互动进行了实验:握手、拍手、抱肩、传递物体和踢目标。此外,我们将我们的方法与使用不同度量(如主成分分析和信息增益)的现有建模方法进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic Scaling Factors of Covariances for Accurate 3D Normal Distributions Transform Registration 精确三维正态分布变换配准的协方差动态缩放因子
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2018.8593839
H. Hong, B. Lee
Distribution-to-distribution normal distributions transform (NDT-D2D) is one of the fast point set registrations. Since the normal distributions transform (NDT) is a set of normal distributions generated by discrete and regular cells, local minima of the objective function is an issue of NDT-D2D. Also, we found that the objective function based on L2 distance between distributions has a negative correlation with rotational alignment. To overcome the problems, we present a method using dynamic scaling factors of covariances to improve the accuracy of NDT-D2D. Two scaling factors are defined for the preceding and current NDTs respectively, and they are dynamically varied in each iteration of NDT-D2D. We implemented the proposed method based on conventional NDT-D2D and probabilistic NDT-D2D and compared to the NDT-D2D with fixed scaling factors using KITTI benchmark data set. Also, we experimented estimating odometry with an initial guess as an application of distribution-to-distribution probabilistic NDT (PNDT-D2D) with the proposed method. As a result, the proposed method improves both translational and rotational accuracy of the NDT-D2D and PNDT-D2D.
分布-分布正态分布变换(NDT-D2D)是一种快速的点集配准方法。由于正态分布变换(NDT)是由离散单元和规则单元生成的正态分布的集合,因此目标函数的局部最小值是NDT- d2d的一个问题。此外,我们发现基于分布之间L2距离的目标函数与旋转对齐呈负相关。为了克服这些问题,我们提出了一种使用动态协方差标度因子来提高NDT-D2D精度的方法。分别为之前的ndt和当前的ndt定义了两个比例因子,它们在NDT-D2D的每次迭代中都是动态变化的。我们在传统NDT-D2D和概率NDT-D2D的基础上实现了该方法,并使用KITTI基准数据集与固定比例因子的NDT-D2D进行了比较。此外,我们还实验了用初始猜测估计里程数的方法,将其作为分布到分布概率无损检测(PNDT-D2D)的应用。结果表明,该方法提高了NDT-D2D和PNDT-D2D的平移和旋转精度。
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引用次数: 4
$Phi$ Clust: Pheromone-Based Aggregation for Robotic Swarms $Phi$ cluster:基于信息素的机器人群体聚集
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2018.8593961
F. Arvin, A. E. Turgut, T. Krajník, Salar Rahimi, Ilkin Ege Okay, Shigang Yue, S. Watson, B. Lennox
In this paper, we proposed a pheromone-based aggregation method based on the state-of-the-art BEECLUST algorithm. We investigated the impact of pheromone-based communication on the efficiency of robotic swarms to locate and aggregate at areas with a given cue. In particular, we evaluated the impact of the pheromone evaporation and diffusion on the time required for the swarm to aggregate. In a series of simulated and real-world evaluation trials, we demonstrated that augmenting the BEECLUST method with artificial pheromone resulted in faster aggregation times.
本文在BEECLUST算法的基础上,提出了一种基于信息素的聚合方法。我们研究了基于信息素的通信对机器人群体在给定线索的区域定位和聚集效率的影响。特别地,我们评估了信息素蒸发和扩散对蜂群聚集所需时间的影响。在一系列模拟和现实世界的评估试验中,我们证明了用人工信息素增强BEECLUST方法可以更快地聚集时间。
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引用次数: 32
Planning Hand-Arm Grasping Motions with Human-Like Appearance 拟人外形的手臂抓取动作规划
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2018.8594432
N. García, R. Suárez, J. Rosell
This paper addresses the problem of obtaining human-like motions on hand-arm robotic systems performing grasping actions. The focus is set on the coordinated movements of the robotic arm and the anthropomorphic mechanical hand, with which the arm is equipped. For this, human movements performing different grasps are captured and mapped to the robot in order to compute the human hand synergies. These synergies are used to both obtain human-like movements and to reduce the complexity of the planning phase by reducing the dimension of the search space. In addition, the paper proposes a sampling-based planner, which guides the motion planning following the synergies and considering different types of grasps. The introduced approach is tested in an application example and thoroughly compared with a state-of-the-art planning algorithm, obtaining better results.
本文讨论了在执行抓取动作的手-臂机器人系统上获得类人运动的问题。重点放在机器人手臂和拟人机械手的协调运动上,机械手配备了拟人机械手。为此,捕获执行不同抓取的人类运动并将其映射到机器人上,以计算人手协同效应。这些协同作用用于获得类似人类的运动,并通过减少搜索空间的维度来降低规划阶段的复杂性。此外,本文还提出了一种基于采样的规划方法,该方法指导运动规划遵循协同效应并考虑不同类型的抓取。通过实例验证了该方法的有效性,并与现有的规划算法进行了比较,得到了较好的结果。
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引用次数: 5
Fabrication and Locomotion of Flexible Nanoswimmers 柔性纳米游泳器的制备与运动
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2018.8594047
Bumjin Jang, Amanda Aho, B. Nelson, S. Pané
Small-scale robots with soft joints and hinges have recently attracted interest because these components allow for more sophisticated locomotion mechanisms. Here, we investigate two different types of nanoscale swimmers as depicted in Figure 1. One consists of a rigid magnetic head linked to a semi-soft tail (1-link swimmer). Another consists of a rigid magnetic head and tail connected by a soft hinge (2-link swimmer). Both swimmers exhibit undulatory locomotion under an applied oscillating magnetic field. The speeds of the swimmers are assessed as a function of the oscillating magnetic field frequency and the sweeping angle. We find that a resonance-like frequency increases as the length decreases, and, in general, the speed increases as the sweeping angle increases. Last, we show that 2-link swimmers can also swim in a corkscrew-like pattern under rotating magnetic fields.
具有软关节和铰链的小型机器人最近引起了人们的兴趣,因为这些部件允许更复杂的运动机制。在这里,我们研究如图1所示的两种不同类型的纳米级游泳器。一种是刚性磁头与半软尾相连(单连杆游泳器)。另一种由刚性磁头和由软铰链连接的尾部组成(2连杆游泳器)。两个游泳者在外加振荡磁场下表现出波动运动。游泳者的速度被评估为振荡磁场频率和扫角的函数。我们发现,类共振频率随着长度的减小而增加,一般来说,速度随着扫角的增大而增加。最后,我们证明了2链游泳者也可以在旋转磁场下以螺旋状模式游泳。
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引用次数: 4
3. Conference Application 3.会议应用程序
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/iros.2018.8594286
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引用次数: 0
Performance of an IMU-Based Sensor Concept for Solving the Direct Kinematics Problem of the Stewart-Gough Platform 基于imu的传感器概念求解Stewart-Gough平台的直接运动学问题
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2018.8594039
S. Schulz, A. Seibel, J. Schlattmann
The direct kinematics problem of the Stewart-Gough platform can be solved by measuring the manipulator platform's orientation and two of the linear actuators' orientations instead of the six linear actuators' lengths. In this paper, the effect of measurement errors on the calculated manipulator platform's pose is investigated using the Cramer-Ran lower bound and extensive experiments on a state-of-the-art Stewart-Gough platform. Furthermore, different algorithms and filters for one-time as well as continuous pose determinations are investigated. Finally, possible sensor fusion concepts for the one-time pose determination are presented to increase the robustness against noise and measurement errors.
Stewart-Gough平台的直接运动学问题可以通过测量机械手平台的姿态和两个线性执行器的姿态来解决,而不是测量六个线性执行器的长度。本文采用Cramer-Ran下界法和在最先进的Stewart-Gough平台上的大量实验,研究了测量误差对计算出的机械臂平台位姿的影响。此外,还研究了一次性和连续姿态确定的不同算法和滤波器。最后,提出了用于一次性姿态确定的传感器融合概念,以提高对噪声和测量误差的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 4
Joint Ego-motion Estimation Using a Laser Scanner and a Monocular Camera Through Relative Orientation Estimation and 1-DoF ICP 基于相对方位估计和1-DoF ICP的激光扫描仪和单目摄像机联合自我运动估计
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2018.8593965
Kaihong Huang, C. Stachniss
Pose estimation and mapping are key capabilities of most autonomous vehicles and thus a number of localization and SLAM algorithms have been developed in the past. Autonomous robots and cars are typically equipped with multiple sensors. Often, the sensor suite includes a camera and a laser range finder. In this paper, we consider the problem of incremental ego-motion estimation, using both, a monocular camera and a laser range finder jointly. We propose a new algorithm, that exploits the advantages of both sensors-the ability of cameras to determine orientations well and the ability of laser range finders to estimate the scale and to directly obtain 3D point clouds. Our approach estimates the 5 degrees of freedom relative orientation from image pairs through feature point correspondences and formulates the remaining scale estimation as a new variant of the iterative closest point problem with only one degree of freedom. We furthermore exploit the camera information in a new way to constrain the data association between laser point clouds. The experiments presented in this paper suggest that our approach is able to accurately estimate the ego-motion of a vehicle and that we obtain more accurate frame-to-frame alignments than with one sensor modality alone.
姿态估计和映射是大多数自动驾驶汽车的关键功能,因此过去已经开发了许多定位和SLAM算法。自主机器人和汽车通常配备有多个传感器。通常,传感器套件包括一个摄像头和一个激光测距仪。在本文中,我们考虑了在单目相机和激光测距仪共同作用下的增量自我运动估计问题。我们提出了一种新的算法,该算法利用了传感器的优点——相机确定方向的能力和激光测距仪估计尺度并直接获得三维点云的能力。我们的方法通过特征点对应从图像对中估计出5个自由度的相对方向,并将剩余的尺度估计作为只有一个自由度的迭代最近点问题的新变体。我们进一步以一种新的方式利用相机信息来约束激光点云之间的数据关联。本文中提出的实验表明,我们的方法能够准确地估计车辆的自我运动,并且与单独使用一种传感器模式相比,我们获得了更准确的帧对帧对齐。
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引用次数: 13
Stable, Autonomous, Unknown Terrain Locomotion for Quadrupeds Based on Visual Feedback and Mixed-Integer Convex Optimization 基于视觉反馈和混合整数凸优化的四足动物稳定自主未知地形运动
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2018.8594015
M. Ahn, Hosik Chae, D. Hong
This paper presents a complete motion planning approach for quadruped locomotion across an unknown terrain using a framework based on mixed-integer convex optimization and visual feedback. Vision data is used to find convex polygons in the surrounding environment, which acts as potentially feasible foothold regions. Then, a goal position is initially provided, which the best feasible destination planner uses to solve for an actual feasible goal position based on the extracted polygons. Next, a footstep planner uses the feasible goal position to plan a fixed number of footsteps, which may or may not result in the robot reaching the position. The center of mass (COM) trajectory planner using quadratic programming is extended to solve for a trajectory in 3D space while maintaining convexity, which reduces the computation time, allowing the robot to plan and execute motions online. The suggested method is implemented as a policy rather than a path planner, but its performance as a path planner is also shown. The approach is verified on both simulation and on a physical robot, ALPHRED, walking on various unknown terrains.
提出了一种基于混合整数凸优化和视觉反馈的四足机器人在未知地形上的完整运动规划方法。视觉数据用于在周围环境中寻找凸多边形,作为潜在可行的落脚点区域。然后,初始给出目标位置,最佳可行目的地规划器根据提取的多边形求解出实际可行的目标位置。下一步,脚步规划器使用可行的目标位置来规划固定数量的脚步,这些脚步可能会导致机器人到达该位置,也可能不会。将二次规划的质心轨迹规划扩展为在保持凸性的前提下求解三维空间轨迹,减少了计算时间,使机器人能够在线规划和执行运动。建议的方法是作为策略而不是路径规划器实现的,但它作为路径规划器的性能也得到了展示。该方法在仿真和物理机器人ALPHRED上进行了验证,该机器人在各种未知地形上行走。
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引用次数: 10
Exploring Vestibulo-Ocular Adaptation in a Closed-Loop Neuro-Robotic Experiment Using STDP. A Simulation Study 利用STDP在闭环神经机器人实验中探索前庭-眼适应。模拟研究
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2018.8594019
Francisco Naveros, J. Garrido, A. Arleo, E. Ros, N. Luque
Studying and understanding the computational primitives of our neural system requires for a diverse and complementary set of techniques. In this work, we use the Neuro-robotic Platform (NRP)to evaluate the vestibulo ocular cerebellar adaptatIon (Vestibulo-ocular reflex, VOR)mediated by two STDP mechanisms located at the cerebellar molecular layer and the vestibular nuclei respectively. This simulation study adopts an experimental setup (rotatory VOR)widely used by neuroscientists to better understand the contribution of certain specific cerebellar properties (i.e. distributed STDP, neural properties, coding cerebellar topology, etc.)to r-VOR adaptation. The work proposes and describes an embodiment solution for which we endow a simulated humanoid robot (iCub)with a spiking cerebellar model by means of the NRP, and we face the humanoid to an r-VOR task. The results validate the adaptive capabilities of the spiking cerebellar model (with STDP)in a perception-action closed-loop (r- VOR)causing the simulated iCub robot to mimic a human behavior.
研究和理解我们神经系统的计算原语需要一套多样化和互补的技术。在这项工作中,我们使用神经机器人平台(NRP)来评估分别位于小脑分子层和前庭核的两种STDP机制介导的前庭眼小脑适应(vestibulo -ocular reflex, VOR)。本仿真研究采用神经科学家广泛使用的实验设置(旋转VOR),以更好地了解某些特定的小脑特性(如分布式STDP、神经特性、编码小脑拓扑等)对r-VOR适应的贡献。本文提出并描述了一种实施方案,通过NRP赋予仿真人形机器人(iCub)尖峰小脑模型,并使其面对r-VOR任务。结果验证了尖峰小脑模型(带有STDP)在感知-行动闭环(r- VOR)中的自适应能力,使模拟的iCub机器人能够模仿人类的行为。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
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