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2016 Eighth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)最新文献

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Perceptual quality of 4K-resolution video content compared to HD 与高清相比,4k分辨率视频内容的感知质量
Pub Date : 2016-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/QoMEX.2016.7498935
G. Wallendael, Paulien Coppens, Tom Paridaens, Niels Van Kets, W. V. D. Broeck, P. Lambert
With the introduction of 4K UHD video and display resolution, questions arise on the perceptual differences between 4K UHD and upsampled HD video content. In this paper, a striped pair comparison has been performed on a diverse set of 4K UHD video sources. The goal was to subjectively assess the perceived sharpness of 4K UHD and downscaled/upscaled HD video. A striped pair comparison has been applied in order to make the test as straightforward as possible for a non-expert participant population. Under these conditions and over this set of sequences, on average, on 54.8% of the sequences (17 out of 31), 4K UHD resolution content could be identified as being sharper compared to its HD down and upsampled alternative. The probabilities in which 4K UHD could be differentiated from downscaled/upscaled HD range from 83.3% for the easiest to assess sequence down to 39.7% for the most difficult sequence. Although significance tests demonstrate there is a positive sharpness difference from camera quality 4K UHD content compared to the HD downscaled/upscaled variations, it is very content dependent and all circumstances have been chosen in favor of the 4K UHD representation. The results of this test can contribute to the research process of developing metrics indicating visibility of high resolution features within specific content.
随着4K超高清视频和显示分辨率的引入,出现了4K超高清和上采样高清视频内容之间感知差异的问题。本文对一组不同的4K UHD视频源进行了条纹对比较。目标是主观地评估4K UHD和缩小/升级高清视频的感知清晰度。为了使测试尽可能简单地适用于非专业参与者群体,应用了条纹配对比较。在这些条件下,在这组序列上,平均54.8%的序列(31个序列中的17个),4K UHD分辨率的内容可以被识别为比其高清上下采样的替代品更清晰。区分4K UHD和缩小/扩大HD的概率范围从最容易评估序列的83.3%到最难评估序列的39.7%。尽管显著性检验表明,与高清缩小/放大的变化相比,相机质量4K UHD内容的清晰度存在正差异,但它非常依赖于内容,并且所有情况都选择了有利于4K UHD表示的情况。该测试的结果有助于开发指标的研究过程,表明特定内容中高分辨率特征的可见性。
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引用次数: 17
Estimation of perceptual redundancies of HEVC encoded dynamic textures HEVC编码动态纹理的感知冗余估计
Pub Date : 2016-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/QoMEX.2016.7498931
Karam Naser, V. Ricordel, P. Callet
Statistical redundancies have been the dominant target in the image/video compression standards. Perceptually, there exists further redundancies that can be removed to further enhance the compression efficiency. In this paper, we considered short term homogeneous patches that fall into the foveal vision as dynamic textures, for which a psychophysical test was used to estimate their amount of perceptual redundancies. We demonstrated the possible rate saving by utilizing these redundancies. We further designed a learning model that can precisely predict the amount of redundancies and accordingly proposed a generalized perceptual optimization framework.
统计冗余一直是图像/视频压缩标准的主要目标。感知上,存在进一步的冗余,可以删除以进一步提高压缩效率。在本文中,我们将落入中央凹视觉的短期均匀斑块视为动态纹理,并使用心理物理测试来估计其感知冗余量。我们演示了利用这些冗余可能节省的速率。我们进一步设计了一个可以精确预测冗余量的学习模型,并据此提出了一个广义感知优化框架。
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引用次数: 4
Personalizing User Interfaces for improving quality of experience in VoD recommender systems 个性化用户界面,提高视频点播推荐系统的体验质量
Pub Date : 2016-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/QoMEX.2016.7498940
Sharath Chandra Guntuku, S. Roy, Weisi Lin, Kelvin Ng, W. Ng, V. Jakhetiya
Recommending content to users involves understanding a) what to present and b) how to present them, so as to increase quality of experience (QoE) and thereby, content consumption. This work attempts to address the question of how to present contents in a way so that the user finds it easy to get to desired content. While the process of User Interface (UI) design is dependent on several human factors, there are basic design components and their combination that have to be common to any recommender system user interface. Personalization of the UI design process involves picking the right components and their combination, and presenting a UI to suit the usage behavior of an individual user, so as to enhance the QoE. This work proposes a system that learns from a user's content consumption patterns and makes some recommendations regarding how to present the content for the user (in the context of Video-On-Demand/Live-TV services on Computer displays), so as to enhance the QoE of the recommender system.
向用户推荐内容需要理解a)呈现什么,b)如何呈现,从而提高体验质量(QoE),从而提高内容消费。这项工作试图解决的问题是,如何以一种方式呈现内容,使用户发现它很容易获得所需的内容。虽然用户界面(UI)的设计过程依赖于几个人为因素,但对于任何推荐系统用户界面来说,都有一些基本的设计组件及其组合必须是通用的。UI设计过程的个性化包括选择正确的组件及其组合,并呈现适合单个用户使用行为的UI,从而增强QoE。本工作提出了一个系统,通过学习用户的内容消费模式,并对如何为用户呈现内容提出一些建议(在计算机显示器上的视频点播/电视直播服务的背景下),从而提高推荐系统的QoE。
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引用次数: 8
Bitrate classification of twice-encoded audio using objective quality features 使用客观质量特征的二次编码音频的比特率分类
Pub Date : 2016-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/QoMEX.2016.7498956
Colm Sloan, N. Harte, D. Kelly, A. Kokaram, Andrew Hines
When a user uploads audio files to a music streaming service, these files are subsequently re-encoded to lower bitrates to target different devices, e.g. low bitrate for mobile. To save time and bandwidth uploading files, some users encode their original files using a lossy codec. The metadata for these files cannot always be trusted as users might have encoded their files more than once. Determining the lowest bitrate of the files allows the streaming service to skip the process of encoding the files to bitrates higher than that of the uploaded files, saving on processing and storage space. This paper presents a model that uses quality predictions from ViSQOLAudio, a full reference objective audio quality metric, as features in combination with a multi-class support vector machine classifier. An experiment on twice-encoded files found that low bitrate codecs could be classified using audio quality features. The experiment also provides insights into the implications of multiple transcodes from a quality perspective.
当用户将音频文件上传到音乐流媒体服务时,这些文件随后被重新编码为更低的比特率,以针对不同的设备,例如低比特率的移动设备。为了节省上传文件的时间和带宽,一些用户使用有损编解码器对原始文件进行编码。这些文件的元数据并不总是可信的,因为用户可能对其文件进行了多次编码。确定文件的最低比特率允许流媒体服务跳过将文件编码为高于上传文件的比特率的过程,从而节省处理和存储空间。本文提出了一个模型,该模型使用ViSQOLAudio(一个完整的参考客观音频质量度量)的质量预测作为特征,并结合了多类支持向量机分类器。对两次编码文件的实验发现,可以使用音频质量特征对低比特率编解码器进行分类。该实验还从质量角度提供了对多个转码的含义的见解。
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引用次数: 3
(Re-)actions speak louder than words? A novel test method for tracking user behavior in web video services 行动胜于雄辩?一种新的跟踪网络视频服务中用户行为的测试方法
Pub Date : 2016-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/QoMEX.2016.7498926
W. Robitza, A. Raake
Assuring user engagement has become a key issue for Internet Service Providers and Over-the-Top Providers. How long are users consuming a service? When are they likely to abandon it due to quality problems? Rather than just estimating perceived audiovisual quality, future quality prediction models will also factor in possible user behavior. This contribution presents a novel test method to assess short-term user behavior in web video services, in a controlled living-room-like environment. We show that typical behavioral responses (such as seeking, reloading, or selecting another video) can be elicited, with the real purpose of the test hidden from the viewers. We can also see that when users are not focused on judging quality, their perception of errors changes significantly. This paper highlights the strong impact of laboratory test situations on users' behavior and discusses the challenges revolving around finding valid test methods.
确保用户参与已成为互联网服务提供商和顶级提供商的关键问题。用户使用服务的时间有多长?他们什么时候会因为质量问题而放弃?未来的质量预测模型也将考虑到可能的用户行为,而不仅仅是估计感知到的视听质量。这一贡献提出了一种新的测试方法来评估网络视频服务中的短期用户行为,在一个受控的类似客厅的环境中。我们展示了典型的行为反应(如寻找、重新加载或选择另一个视频)可以被引出,而对观看者隐藏了测试的真正目的。我们还可以看到,当用户不专注于判断质量时,他们对错误的感知会发生显著变化。本文强调了实验室测试情况对用户行为的强烈影响,并讨论了围绕寻找有效测试方法的挑战。
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引用次数: 18
Towards training naïve participants for a perceptual annotation task designed for experts 面向培训naïve参与者为专家设计的感知标注任务
Pub Date : 2016-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/QoMEX.2016.7498921
Friedemann Köster, Dennis Guse, Christian Miethaner, S. Möller
Technical Causes Analysis (P.TCA) is a method for identifying technical causes of sub-optimum speech transmission quality. Originally created as an expert procedure for the annotation of speech samples, its applicability to naïve listener was also studied. Due to the low agreement of naïve listener annotations, it was suggested that detailed training methods are necessary to lift naïve annotations to an agreement level of experts. The aim of this work was to develop training methods for naïve annotators. For this, two different training procedures were developed and tested in two separate annotation experiments. The results are analyzed and discussed regarding the effects of the trainings and their implications for the P.TCA annotation scheme. The outcome shows that these training methods did not meet the expectations for improving the inter-rater agreement of naïve annotators. It is concluded that trainings of 15 to 20 minutes rather confuse naïve annotators by conveying too much information in too little time, and that they are not sufficient to prepare naïve annotators. It is argued that much more extensive training is needed to raise naïve annotators to expert level, and that such a training must include both, in-depth introduction to the annotation process as well as detailed presentation and exercise regarding the P.TCA degradations.
技术原因分析(P.TCA)是一种识别语音传输质量次优的技术原因的方法。最初作为语音样本标注的专家程序,研究了其对naïve听者的适用性。由于naïve侦听器注释的一致性较低,建议需要详细的训练方法来将naïve注释提升到专家的一致性水平。这项工作的目的是为naïve注释员开发培训方法。为此,开发了两个不同的训练过程,并在两个单独的注释实验中进行了测试。针对训练的效果及其对P.TCA标注方案的启示,对结果进行了分析和讨论。结果表明,这些训练方法并没有达到提高naïve注释者间一致性的期望。结论是,15 - 20分钟的培训会让naïve注释者在很短的时间内传达太多的信息,从而使他们感到困惑,并且不足以让naïve注释者做好准备。有人认为,要将naïve注释者提升到专家水平,需要更广泛的培训,而且这种培训必须包括对注释过程的深入介绍以及关于P.TCA降解的详细介绍和练习。
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引用次数: 0
Consumer-photo quality assessment: Challenges and pitfalls in crowdsourcing 消费者照片质量评估:众包的挑战和陷阱
Pub Date : 2016-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/QoMEX.2016.7498970
Michele A. Saad, Patrick McKnight, Jake Quartuccio, David G. Nicholas, Ramesh Jaladi, P. Corriveau
We discuss caveats and challenges in crowdsourcing subjective image quality evaluation studies that use real consumer photos with non-simulated distortions. The subtle nature of consumer image artifacts as well as the nuanced quality differences among photos from various consumer devices, necessitate that crowdsourcing studies be designed with extra caution. In this work, we point out certain caveats to look for in the literature, and we draw attention to and discuss the consequences of various design choices on the subjective responses received. The design choices include: 1) stimulus viewing mode, 2) stimulus habituation, 3) study length, and 4) the location of a number of attention items within the study. We show how these design parameters are key to maximizing response correspondence with lab-based responses, and we emphasize to how this differs from tests that utilize simulated image distortions.
我们讨论了众包主观图像质量评估研究的警告和挑战,这些研究使用真实的消费者照片和非模拟失真。消费者图像人工制品的微妙性质,以及来自不同消费设备的照片之间细微的质量差异,使得众包研究的设计格外谨慎。在这项工作中,我们指出了在文献中寻找的某些警告,我们提请注意并讨论了各种设计选择对所收到的主观反应的后果。设计选择包括:1)刺激观看模式,2)刺激习惯化,3)研究时长,以及4)研究中若干注意项目的位置。我们展示了这些设计参数是如何与基于实验室的响应最大化响应对应的关键,我们强调了这与利用模拟图像失真的测试的不同之处。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of spherical microphone array auralizations using open-profiling of quality (OPQ) 基于开放质量剖面(OPQ)的球形传声器阵列声场评价
Pub Date : 2016-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/QoMEX.2016.7498928
Johannes Nowak, Kai-Peter Jurgeit, Judith Liebetrau
Open-profiling of quality (OPQ) was recently proposed for quality assessment of mobile 3D devices. It combines quantitative and qualitative analyses in a mixed-method approach, allowing statements on overall quality and its relation to specific sensory aspects of the reproduction. In the scope of this article, the applicability of OPQ is investigated and discussed when assessing the reproduction quality of virtual acoustic environments (VAEs). Based on binaural auralizations of real spherical microphone array recordings, the influence of the used array configuration is analyzed for different test stimuli and the results compared to ideal free-field simulations. Despite certain limitations, results show that OPQ is suitable for quality evaluations of VAEs as it provides detailed insight into perceptual aspects of the technical system, directly establishing their relation to overall preference.
开放式质量分析(OPQ)最近被提出用于移动3D设备的质量评估。它将定量和定性分析结合在一起,采用混合方法,可以对整体质量及其与生殖的特定感官方面的关系进行陈述。在本文的范围内,OPQ在评估虚拟声环境(VAEs)的再现质量时的适用性进行了调查和讨论。以实际球形传声器阵列录音的双耳实验为基础,分析了不同测试刺激下阵列结构的影响,并与理想自由场模拟结果进行了比较。尽管存在一定的局限性,但结果表明,OPQ适用于vae的质量评估,因为它提供了对技术系统感知方面的详细洞察,直接建立了它们与总体偏好的关系。
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引用次数: 4
Determining and labeling the preference dimensions of spatial audio replay 确定和标记空间音频重放的偏好维度
Pub Date : 2016-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/QoMEX.2016.7498948
J. Francombe, Tim S. Brookes, R. Mason, James Woodcock
There are currently many spatial audio reproduction systems in domestic use (e.g. mono, stereo, surround sound, sound bars, and headphones). In an experiment, pairwise preference magnitude ratings for a range of such systems were collected from trained and untrained listeners. The ratings were analysed using internal preference mapping to: (i) uncover the principal perceptual dimensions of listener preference; (ii) label the dimensions based on important perceptual attributes; and (iii) observe differences between trained and untrained listeners. To aid with labelling the dimensions, perceptual attributes were elicited alongside the preference ratings and were analysed by: (i) considering a metric derived from the frequency of use of each attribute and the magnitude of the related preference judgements; and (ii) observing attribute use for comparisons between specific methods. The first preference dimension accounted for over 90% of the variance in ratings; all participants exhibited a preference for reproduction methods that were positively correlated with the first dimension (most notably 5-, 9-, and 22-channel surround sound). This dimension was related to multiple important attributes, including those associated with spatial capability and absence of distortions. The second dimension accounted for only a very small proportion of the variance, and appeared to separate the headphone method from the other methods. The trained and untrained listeners generally showed opposite preferences in the second dimension, suggesting that trained listeners have a higher preference for headphone reproduction than untrained listeners.
目前国内使用了许多空间音频再现系统(如单声道、立体声、环绕声、条形音箱和耳机)。在一项实验中,从训练有素和未经训练的听众中收集了一系列这样的系统的成对偏好等级。使用内部偏好映射对评级进行分析:(i)揭示听众偏好的主要感知维度;(ii)根据重要的感知属性标记维度;(三)观察受过训练和未受过训练的听众之间的差异。为了帮助标记维度,感知属性与偏好评级一起被引出,并通过以下方式进行分析:(i)考虑从每个属性的使用频率和相关偏好判断的大小派生的度量;(ii)观察属性的使用,以便在特定方法之间进行比较。第一个偏好维度占评分差异的90%以上;所有参与者都表现出对与第一个维度正相关的再现方法的偏好(最明显的是5、9和22声道环绕声)。这个维度与多个重要属性有关,包括与空间能力和无扭曲相关的属性。第二个维度只占方差的很小一部分,并且似乎将耳机方法与其他方法分开。受过训练的听众和未受过训练的听众在第二次元上普遍表现出相反的偏好,这表明受过训练的听众比未受过训练的听众对耳机再现的偏好更高。
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引用次数: 2
Perception of quality in cloud computing based services 基于云计算的服务的质量感知
Pub Date : 2016-06-06 DOI: 10.1109/QoMEX.2016.7498925
Aleksandar Karadimce, D. Davcev
Cloud computing consists of hardware and software resources, available on the Internet as a set of services for users. This technology aims to provide stable, reliable and encapsulated dynamic information and communication environment for end users to be able to simultaneously access shared resources that are available anywhere and at any time. The major benefit of cloud computing is used to improve the perception of quality for the client requests. Commonly in the communications industry, the term Quality of Experience (QoE) is used as a measure for the user perception of service from the user's point of view. In this research, we propose a classification of cloud-based services based on objective and subjective characteristics for perception of quality. The main contribution in this paper is a novel approach based on Bayesian modeling for efficient assessment of QoE perception for cloud-based services considering the level of interactivity, service complexity, usage domain, and multimedia-intensity.
云计算由硬件和软件资源组成,在互联网上作为一组服务提供给用户。该技术旨在为终端用户提供稳定、可靠、封装的动态信息和通信环境,使终端用户能够同时访问随时随地可用的共享资源。云计算的主要好处是用于提高客户端请求的质量感知。通常在通信行业中,术语体验质量(QoE)被用作从用户的角度衡量用户对服务的感知。在本研究中,我们提出了一种基于客观和主观特征的云服务质量感知分类方法。本文的主要贡献是一种基于贝叶斯建模的新方法,用于有效评估基于云的服务的QoE感知,考虑交互性水平、服务复杂性、使用领域和多媒体强度。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
2016 Eighth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)
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