Pub Date : 2015-11-13DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54023
L. Richert, L. Keller, Quentin Wagner, F. Bornert, Catherine-Isabelle Gros, S. Bahi, F. Clauss, W. Bacon, P. Clézardin, N. Benkirane-Jessel, F. Fioretti
Nanomechanical heterogeneity is expected to have an effect on elasticity, injury and bone remodelling. In normal bone, we have two types of cells (osteoclasts and osteoblasts) working together to maintain existing bone. Bone cancers can produce factors that make the osteoclasts work harder. This means that more bone is destroyed than rebuilt, and leads to weakening of the affected bone. We report here the first demonstration of the nanoscale stiffness distribution in bone metastases before and after treatment of animals with the bisphosphonate Risedronate, a drug which is currently used for the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced cancers. The strategy used here is applicable to a wide class of biological tissues and may serve as a new reflection for biologically inspired scaffolds technologies.
{"title":"Nanoscale Stiffness Distribution in Bone Metastasis","authors":"L. Richert, L. Keller, Quentin Wagner, F. Bornert, Catherine-Isabelle Gros, S. Bahi, F. Clauss, W. Bacon, P. Clézardin, N. Benkirane-Jessel, F. Fioretti","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54023","url":null,"abstract":"Nanomechanical heterogeneity is expected to have an effect on elasticity, injury and bone remodelling. In normal bone, we have two types of cells (osteoclasts and osteoblasts) working together to maintain existing bone. Bone cancers can produce factors that make the osteoclasts work harder. This means that more bone is destroyed than rebuilt, and leads to weakening of the affected bone. We report here the first demonstration of the nanoscale stiffness distribution in bone metastases before and after treatment of animals with the bisphosphonate Risedronate, a drug which is currently used for the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced cancers. The strategy used here is applicable to a wide class of biological tissues and may serve as a new reflection for biologically inspired scaffolds technologies.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"05 1","pages":"219-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-13DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54018
Y. Hendrix, A. Lazaro, Q. Yu, J. Brouwers
The photocatalyic activity of titania is a very promising mechanism that has many possible applications like purification of air and water [1]-[4]. To make it even more attractive, titania can be combined with silica to increase the photocatalytic efficiency and durability of the photocatalytic material, while lowering the production costs [1]. In this article, relevant literature is reviewed to obtain an overview about the chemistry and physics behind some of the different parameters that lead to cost-effective photocatalytic titania-silica composites. The first part of this review deals with the mechanisms involved in the photocatalytic activity, then the chemistry behind certain methods for the synthesis of the titania-silica composites is discussed, and in the last and third part of this review, the influence of silica supports on titania is discussed. These three sections represent three different fields of research that are combined in this review to obtain better insights on the photocatalytic titania-silica composites. While many research subjects in these fields have been well known for some time now, some subjects are only more recently resolved and some subjects are still under discussion (e.g. the cause for the increased hydrophilic surface of titania after illumination). This article aims to review the most important literature to give an overview of the current situation of the fundamentals of photocatalysis and synthesis of the cost-effective photocatalyic composites. It is found that the most cost-effective photocatalytic titania-silica composites are the ones that have a thin anatase layer coated on silica with a large specific surface area, and are prepared with the precipitation or sol-gel methods.
{"title":"Titania-Silica Composites: A Review on the Photocatalytic Activity and Synthesis Methods","authors":"Y. Hendrix, A. Lazaro, Q. Yu, J. Brouwers","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54018","url":null,"abstract":"The photocatalyic activity of titania is a very promising mechanism that has many possible applications like purification of air and water [1]-[4]. To make it even more attractive, titania can be combined with silica to increase the photocatalytic efficiency and durability of the photocatalytic material, while lowering the production costs [1]. In this article, relevant literature is reviewed to obtain an overview about the chemistry and physics behind some of the different parameters that lead to cost-effective photocatalytic titania-silica composites. The first part of this review deals with the mechanisms involved in the photocatalytic activity, then the chemistry behind certain methods for the synthesis of the titania-silica composites is discussed, and in the last and third part of this review, the influence of silica supports on titania is discussed. These three sections represent three different fields of research that are combined in this review to obtain better insights on the photocatalytic titania-silica composites. While many research subjects in these fields have been well known for some time now, some subjects are only more recently resolved and some subjects are still under discussion (e.g. the cause for the increased hydrophilic surface of titania after illumination). This article aims to review the most important literature to give an overview of the current situation of the fundamentals of photocatalysis and synthesis of the cost-effective photocatalyic composites. It is found that the most cost-effective photocatalytic titania-silica composites are the ones that have a thin anatase layer coated on silica with a large specific surface area, and are prepared with the precipitation or sol-gel methods.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"161-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-13DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54020
Eman A. N. Al-Lehaibi, H. Youssef
In this paper, we will study the most important effects in the nano-scale resonator: the coupling effect of temperature and strain rate, and the non-Fourier effect in heat conduction. A solution for the generalized thermoelastic vibration of nano-resonator induced by thermal loading has been developed. The Young’s modulus is taken as a linear function of the reference temperature. The effects of the thermal loading and the reference temperature in all the studied fields have been studied and represented in graphs with some comparisons. The Young’s modulus makes significant effects on all the studied fields where the values of the temperature, the vibration of the deflection, stress, displacement, strain, stress-strain energy increase when the Young’s modulus has taken to be variable.
{"title":"Vibration of Gold Nano-Beam with Variable Young's Modulus Due to Thermal Shock","authors":"Eman A. N. Al-Lehaibi, H. Youssef","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54020","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we will study the most important effects in the nano-scale resonator: the coupling effect of temperature and strain rate, and the non-Fourier effect in heat conduction. A solution for the generalized thermoelastic vibration of nano-resonator induced by thermal loading has been developed. The Young’s modulus is taken as a linear function of the reference temperature. The effects of the thermal loading and the reference temperature in all the studied fields have been studied and represented in graphs with some comparisons. The Young’s modulus makes significant effects on all the studied fields where the values of the temperature, the vibration of the deflection, stress, displacement, strain, stress-strain energy increase when the Young’s modulus has taken to be variable.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"05 1","pages":"194-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-20DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53012
Jing Cao, B. Poumellec, F. Brisset, A. Helbert, M. Lancry
To control second harmonic generation (SHG) in silica-based glasses is crucial for fabricating photonic devices, such as frequency doubling waveguides. Here, we investigated SHG of laser induced nonlinear optical crystals in silica-based glasses, according to writing speed and pulse energy. We observed two regions with different probing laser polarization angular dependence: a) a well-defined cosine-like curve with period of 180° at low pulse energy (0.8 μJ) whatever the writing speed or at high pulse energy (1.4 μJ) with high writing speed (25 μm/s). This is accounted for by a well-defined texture for the nano crystals with their polar axis oriented perpendicular to the writing laser polarization; and b) a double cosine-like curve revealing a second texture of the crystals at high pulse energy (1.4 μJ) with low writing speed (5 μm/s) and with the polar axis oriented closer parallel to the writing laser polarization. Therefore, a SHG dependence on probing laser polarization angle may show high contrast by a correct choice of the writing speed and pulse energy. These results pave the way for elaboration of nonlinear optical devices.
{"title":"Angular Dependence of the Second Harmonic Generation Induced by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation in Silica-Based Glasses: Variation with Writing Speed and Pulse Energy","authors":"Jing Cao, B. Poumellec, F. Brisset, A. Helbert, M. Lancry","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53012","url":null,"abstract":"To control second harmonic generation (SHG) in silica-based glasses is crucial for fabricating photonic devices, such as frequency doubling waveguides. Here, we investigated SHG of laser induced nonlinear optical crystals in silica-based glasses, according to writing speed and pulse energy. We observed two regions with different probing laser polarization angular dependence: a) a well-defined cosine-like curve with period of 180° at low pulse energy (0.8 μJ) whatever the writing speed or at high pulse energy (1.4 μJ) with high writing speed (25 μm/s). This is accounted for by a well-defined texture for the nano crystals with their polar axis oriented perpendicular to the writing laser polarization; and b) a double cosine-like curve revealing a second texture of the crystals at high pulse energy (1.4 μJ) with low writing speed (5 μm/s) and with the polar axis oriented closer parallel to the writing laser polarization. Therefore, a SHG dependence on probing laser polarization angle may show high contrast by a correct choice of the writing speed and pulse energy. These results pave the way for elaboration of nonlinear optical devices.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"05 1","pages":"96-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-20DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53011
R. Sadual, S. K. Badamali, S. Dapurkar, R. Singh
Oxidation of the lignin model monomer apocynol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenoxy)-ethanol catalysed by mesoporous silica catalysts i.e. MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15 using H2O2 as an oxidant has been studied. Selectively, 2-methoxybenzoquinone was obtained along with acetovanillone. Such unprecedented oxidation behaviour of these metal free siliceous catalysts is attributed to the polar internal surface, high surface area as well as the pore architecture. On the other hand, the studied reaction was found to be non-selective when a commercial grade mesoporous silica i.e. Silica-5 was used as catalyst for comparison. Among the various silica catalysts studied, MCMs gave highest conversion and selectivity towards 2-methoxybenzoquinone under very mild reaction conditions.
{"title":"Unusual Oxidation Behaviour of Mesoporous Silicates towards Lignin Model Phenolic Monomer","authors":"R. Sadual, S. K. Badamali, S. Dapurkar, R. Singh","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53011","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidation of the lignin model monomer apocynol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenoxy)-ethanol catalysed by mesoporous silica catalysts i.e. MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15 using H2O2 as an oxidant has been studied. Selectively, 2-methoxybenzoquinone was obtained along with acetovanillone. Such unprecedented oxidation behaviour of these metal free siliceous catalysts is attributed to the polar internal surface, high surface area as well as the pore architecture. On the other hand, the studied reaction was found to be non-selective when a commercial grade mesoporous silica i.e. Silica-5 was used as catalyst for comparison. Among the various silica catalysts studied, MCMs gave highest conversion and selectivity towards 2-methoxybenzoquinone under very mild reaction conditions.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"5 1","pages":"88-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-20DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53010
E. Zahran
In this work, the extended Jacobian elliptic function expansion method is used as the first time to evaluate the exact traveling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. The validity and reliability of the method are tested by its applications to nano-solitons of ionic waves propagation along microtubules in living cells and nano-ionic currents of MTs which play an important role in biology.
{"title":"Exact Traveling Wave Solutions for Nano-Solitons of Ionic Waves Propagation along Microtubules in Living Cells and Nano-Ionic Currents of MTs","authors":"E. Zahran","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53010","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the extended Jacobian elliptic function expansion method is used as the first time to evaluate the exact traveling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. The validity and reliability of the method are tested by its applications to nano-solitons of ionic waves propagation along microtubules in living cells and nano-ionic currents of MTs which play an important role in biology.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"5 1","pages":"78-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-20DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53008
M. Naschie
We establish that ordinary energy, Casimir energy and dark energy are not only interlinked but are basically the same thing separated merely by scale and topology. Casimir energy is essentially a nano scale spacetime phenomenon produced by the boundary condition of the two Casimir plates constituting the Casimir experimental set up for measuring the Casimir force. By contrast dark energy is the result of the cosmic boundary condition, i.e. the boundary of the universe. This one sided M?bius-like boundary located at vast cosmic distance and was comparable only to the Hubble radius scales of the universe. All the Casimir energy spreads out until the majority of it reaches the vicinity of the edge of the cosmos. According to a famous theorem due to the Ukrainian-Israeli scientist I. Dvoretzky, almost 96% of the total energy will be concentrated at the boundary of the universe, too far away to be measured directly. The rest of the accumulated Casimir energy density is consequently the nearly 4% to 4.5%, the existence of which is confirmed by various sophisticated cosmic measurements and observations. When all is said and done, the work is essentially yet another confirmation of Witten’s T-duality and mirror symmetry bringing nano scale and Hubble scale together in an unexpected magical yet mathematically rigorous way.
{"title":"Hubble Scale Dark Energy Meets Nano Scale Casimir Energy and the Rational of Their T-Duality and Mirror Symmetry Equivalence","authors":"M. Naschie","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53008","url":null,"abstract":"We establish that ordinary energy, Casimir energy and dark energy are not only interlinked but are basically the same thing separated merely by scale and topology. Casimir energy is essentially a nano scale spacetime phenomenon produced by the boundary condition of the two Casimir plates constituting the Casimir experimental set up for measuring the Casimir force. By contrast dark energy is the result of the cosmic boundary condition, i.e. the boundary of the universe. This one sided M?bius-like boundary located at vast cosmic distance and was comparable only to the Hubble radius scales of the universe. All the Casimir energy spreads out until the majority of it reaches the vicinity of the edge of the cosmos. According to a famous theorem due to the Ukrainian-Israeli scientist I. Dvoretzky, almost 96% of the total energy will be concentrated at the boundary of the universe, too far away to be measured directly. The rest of the accumulated Casimir energy density is consequently the nearly 4% to 4.5%, the existence of which is confirmed by various sophisticated cosmic measurements and observations. When all is said and done, the work is essentially yet another confirmation of Witten’s T-duality and mirror symmetry bringing nano scale and Hubble scale together in an unexpected magical yet mathematically rigorous way.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"5 1","pages":"57-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-20DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53009
K. Kumar, D. Paramesh, P. V. Reddy
Aluminium doped Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles of general formula of Ni0.5Zn0.5AlxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0) have been synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dis-persive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magneto meter (VSM). XRD studies confirm that all compositions show single phase cubic spinel structure. The crystallite size was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula and found in the range of 17 - 52 nm. The lattice parameter “a” is found to decrease with increasing Al3+ content. The SEM images clearly show the crystalline structure and EDX patterns confirm the compositional formation of the synthesized compositions. The results of FTIR analysis indicated that the functional groups of Ni-Zn spinel ferrite were formed during the sol-gel synthesis process. The IR spectra showed two main absorption bands, the high frequency band ν1 around 600 cm-1 and the low frequency band ν2 around 400 cm-1 arising from tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) interstitial sites in the spinel lattice. As doping is increased the magnetic behavior is found to decrease and the composition x = 2.0 ferrite appears to be exhibiting superparamagnetism as the coercive field and retentivity are found near zero.
{"title":"Effect of Aluminium Doping on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ni-Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles","authors":"K. Kumar, D. Paramesh, P. V. Reddy","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53009","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium doped Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles of general formula of Ni0.5Zn0.5AlxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0) have been synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dis-persive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magneto meter (VSM). XRD studies confirm that all compositions show single phase cubic spinel structure. The crystallite size was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula and found in the range of 17 - 52 nm. The lattice parameter “a” is found to decrease with increasing Al3+ content. The SEM images clearly show the crystalline structure and EDX patterns confirm the compositional formation of the synthesized compositions. The results of FTIR analysis indicated that the functional groups of Ni-Zn spinel ferrite were formed during the sol-gel synthesis process. The IR spectra showed two main absorption bands, the high frequency band ν1 around 600 cm-1 and the low frequency band ν2 around 400 cm-1 arising from tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) interstitial sites in the spinel lattice. As doping is increased the magnetic behavior is found to decrease and the composition x = 2.0 ferrite appears to be exhibiting superparamagnetism as the coercive field and retentivity are found near zero.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"5 1","pages":"68-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-22DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.52007
M. Naschie
Using a compact heap of Fullerene nano particle moduli of a nano matrix device we propose that by maximizing the Casimir forces between these particles as a desirable effect, we can achieve a gradual rather than a sudden implosion pressure. This we expect will result in a mini holographic universe from which energy can be extracted in a way constituting a nano energy reactor functioning effectively on a hybrid principle somewhere between a Casimir effect and a cold fusion process.
{"title":"A Cold Fusion-Casimir Energy Nano Reactor Proposal","authors":"M. Naschie","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.52007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.52007","url":null,"abstract":"Using a compact heap of Fullerene nano particle moduli of a nano matrix device we propose that by maximizing the Casimir forces between these particles as a desirable effect, we can achieve a gradual rather than a sudden implosion pressure. This we expect will result in a mini holographic universe from which energy can be extracted in a way constituting a nano energy reactor functioning effectively on a hybrid principle somewhere between a Casimir effect and a cold fusion process.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"5 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-22DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.52006
A. N. Al-Daghman, K. Ibrahim, N. M. Ahmed, K. M. Zaidan
Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were prepared by using sol-gel through spin- coating method. An assembly of indium tin oxide (ITO)/TiO2/polyaniline (PANI)/Ag was made in a sandwich panel structure. The obtained junction shows rectifying behavior. Additionally, the I/V characteristic indicates that a P-N junction at nanocrystalline PANI/TiO2 interface has been created. In this experimental study, we depended only on the ratio between titanium and PANI in the process of preparing sol-gel (PANi/TiO2 at 20% wt). The largest open circuit voltage of 656 mV and short current density of 0.00315 mΑ/cm2 produce 0.0004% power conversion solar cell (η) under simulated solar radiation (50 mW/cm2). The thin films of PANI and titanium oxide (TiO2)/ PANI composites were synthesized by sol-gel technique. Pure TiO2 powder with nanoparticle size of less than 25 nm and PANI were synthesized through chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers. The composite films were characterized by high resolution X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field effect scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results were compared with the corresponding data on pure PANI films. The intensity of diffraction peaks for PANI/TiO2 composites is lower than that for TiO2. The characteristic of the FTIR peaks of pure PANI shifts to a higher wave number in TiO2/PANI composite, which is attributed to the interaction of TiO2 nanoparticles with PANI molecular chains.
{"title":"Effect of TiO2 Thin Film Morphology on Polyaniline/TiO2 Solar Cell Efficiency","authors":"A. N. Al-Daghman, K. Ibrahim, N. M. Ahmed, K. M. Zaidan","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.52006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.52006","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were prepared by using sol-gel through spin- coating method. An assembly of indium tin oxide (ITO)/TiO2/polyaniline (PANI)/Ag was made in a sandwich panel structure. The obtained junction shows rectifying behavior. Additionally, the I/V characteristic indicates that a P-N junction at nanocrystalline PANI/TiO2 interface has been created. In this experimental study, we depended only on the ratio between titanium and PANI in the process of preparing sol-gel (PANi/TiO2 at 20% wt). The largest open circuit voltage of 656 mV and short current density of 0.00315 mΑ/cm2 produce 0.0004% power conversion solar cell (η) under simulated solar radiation (50 mW/cm2). The thin films of PANI and titanium oxide (TiO2)/ PANI composites were synthesized by sol-gel technique. Pure TiO2 powder with nanoparticle size of less than 25 nm and PANI were synthesized through chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers. The composite films were characterized by high resolution X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field effect scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results were compared with the corresponding data on pure PANI films. The intensity of diffraction peaks for PANI/TiO2 composites is lower than that for TiO2. The characteristic of the FTIR peaks of pure PANI shifts to a higher wave number in TiO2/PANI composite, which is attributed to the interaction of TiO2 nanoparticles with PANI molecular chains.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":"05 1","pages":"41-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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