Pub Date : 2015-11-13DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54017
I. Protsak, V. Tertykh, Y. Bolbukh, D. Sternik, A. Deryło-Marczewska
Effect of the concentration ratios of organosiloxane/initiator and treatment temperature on the characteristics of hydrophobic products obtained by modification of surface of fumed silica with poly(methylphenylsiloxane) (PMPS) in the presence of dimethyl carbonate has been studied. Morphology, particle size, surface area and coating microstructure of modified silicas were analyzed by methods of transmission electron and atomic force microscopies, nitrogen adsorption-desorption data. Carbon contents in the grafted modifying layer of organosilicas were determined using IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of surface of the obtained modified silicas were estimated by measurements of contact angles of wetting. It was shown that modification of pyrogenic silicas with mixtures of poly(methylphenylsiloxane) and dimethyl carbonate allows to obtain the homogeneous hydrophobic products and serve their nanodispersity.
{"title":"Synthesis and Properties of Fumed Silicas Modified with Mixtures of Poly(methylphenylsiloxane) and Dimethyl Carbonate","authors":"I. Protsak, V. Tertykh, Y. Bolbukh, D. Sternik, A. Deryło-Marczewska","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54017","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of the concentration ratios of organosiloxane/initiator and treatment temperature on the characteristics of hydrophobic products obtained by modification of surface of fumed silica with poly(methylphenylsiloxane) (PMPS) in the presence of dimethyl carbonate has been studied. Morphology, particle size, surface area and coating microstructure of modified silicas were analyzed by methods of transmission electron and atomic force microscopies, nitrogen adsorption-desorption data. Carbon contents in the grafted modifying layer of organosilicas were determined using IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of surface of the obtained modified silicas were estimated by measurements of contact angles of wetting. It was shown that modification of pyrogenic silicas with mixtures of poly(methylphenylsiloxane) and dimethyl carbonate allows to obtain the homogeneous hydrophobic products and serve their nanodispersity.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-13DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54021
A. Bharimalla, S. Deshmukh, P. G. Patil, N. Vigneshwaran
Nanocellulose is a new-age material derived from cellulosic biomass and has large specific surface area, high modulus and highly hydrophilic in nature. It comprises of two structural forms viz., nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). This review provides a critical overview of the recent methods of bio- and chemo-mechanical processes for production of nanocellulose, their energy requirements and their functional properties. More than a dozen of pilot plants/commercial plants are under operation mostly in the developed countries, trying to exploit the potential of nanocellulose as reinforcing agent in paper, films, concrete, rubber, polymer films and so on. The utilization of nanocellulose is restricted mainly due to initial investment involved, high production cost and lack of toxicological information. This review focuses on the current trend and exploration of energy efficient and environment-friendly mechanical methods using pretreatments (both chemical and biological), their feasibility in scaling up and the future scope for expansion of nanocellulose application in diverse fields without impacting the environment. In addition, a nanocellulose quality index is derived to act as a guide for application based screening of nanocellulose production protocols.
{"title":"Energy Efficient Manufacturing of Nanocellulose by Chemo- and Bio-Mechanical Processes: A Review","authors":"A. Bharimalla, S. Deshmukh, P. G. Patil, N. Vigneshwaran","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54021","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocellulose is a new-age material derived from cellulosic biomass and has large specific surface area, high modulus and highly hydrophilic in nature. It comprises of two structural forms viz., nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). This review provides a critical overview of the recent methods of bio- and chemo-mechanical processes for production of nanocellulose, their energy requirements and their functional properties. More than a dozen of pilot plants/commercial plants are under operation mostly in the developed countries, trying to exploit the potential of nanocellulose as reinforcing agent in paper, films, concrete, rubber, polymer films and so on. The utilization of nanocellulose is restricted mainly due to initial investment involved, high production cost and lack of toxicological information. This review focuses on the current trend and exploration of energy efficient and environment-friendly mechanical methods using pretreatments (both chemical and biological), their feasibility in scaling up and the future scope for expansion of nanocellulose application in diverse fields without impacting the environment. In addition, a nanocellulose quality index is derived to act as a guide for application based screening of nanocellulose production protocols.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-13DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54022
V. Tsvetkov, S. Pasechnik, A. Dronov, J. Ho, V. Chigrinov, H. Kwok
This paper describes a new type of polymeric waveguides which has the core, cladding medium and active nodes made from the same material. Part of the polymer is removed in cladding medium by formation of nanopores. The pores can be filled with liquid crystals (LC) in order to create an active composite medium needed for electrically controlled nodes formation.
{"title":"Method of Formation of Waveguides on the Basis of Any Polymeric Materials","authors":"V. Tsvetkov, S. Pasechnik, A. Dronov, J. Ho, V. Chigrinov, H. Kwok","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54022","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new type of polymeric waveguides which has the core, cladding medium and active nodes made from the same material. Part of the polymer is removed in cladding medium by formation of nanopores. The pores can be filled with liquid crystals (LC) in order to create an active composite medium needed for electrically controlled nodes formation.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-13DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54014
R. Desmarchelier, B. Poumellec, F. Brisset, S. Mazérat, M. Lancry
It is demonstrated that the form birefringence related to the so-called nanogratings is quantitatively correlated to the porosity-filling factor of these nanostructures. We reveal that matters surrounding the nanopores exhibit significant refractive index decrease which is likely due to the fictive temperature increase and/or the presence of a significant amount of interstitial O2. The control of the porosity was achieved by adjusting the laser pulse energy and the number of pulses/micron i.e. the overlapping rate. Applications can be numerous in fast material processing by the production of nanoporous matter, and photonics by changing the optical properties.
{"title":"In the Heart of Femtosecond Laser Induced Nanogratings: From Porous Nanoplanes to Form Birefringence","authors":"R. Desmarchelier, B. Poumellec, F. Brisset, S. Mazérat, M. Lancry","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54014","url":null,"abstract":"It is demonstrated that the form birefringence related to the so-called nanogratings is quantitatively correlated to the porosity-filling factor of these nanostructures. We reveal that matters surrounding the nanopores exhibit significant refractive index decrease which is likely due to the fictive temperature increase and/or the presence of a significant amount of interstitial O2. The control of the porosity was achieved by adjusting the laser pulse energy and the number of pulses/micron i.e. the overlapping rate. Applications can be numerous in fast material processing by the production of nanoporous matter, and photonics by changing the optical properties.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-13DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54015
Vânia M. Dias, A. Kuznetsova, J. Tedim, A. Yaremchenko, M. Zheludkevich, Inês Portugal, D. Evtuguin
Paperboard is an environment-friendly multi-layer material widely used for packaging applications. However, for food packaging paperboard lacks essential barrier properties towards oxygen and water vapor. Conventional solutions to enhance these barrier properties (e.g. paperboard film coating with synthetic polymers) require special manufacturing facilities and difficult the end-of-life disposal and recycling of the paperboard. Paperboard coating with silica-based formulations is an eco-friendly alternative hereby disclosed. Silica-nanocoatings were prepared by sol-gel synthesis, with or without the addition of Zn(2)-Al-NO3 layered double hydroxides (LDHs), and applied on the surface (ca 2 g/m2) of industrial paperboard samples by a roll-to-roll technique. The physicochemical features of silica-nanocoatings were studied by FTIR-ATR, SEM/EDS, XRD analysis and surface energy measurements. The barrier properties of uncoated and silica-coated paperboard were accessed by water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and oxygen permeability (Jo2) measurements. The best barrier results were obtained for paperboard coated with a mixture of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), with and without the incorporation of LDHs.
{"title":"Silica-Based Nanocoating Doped by Layered Double Hydroxides to Enhance the Paperboard Barrier Properties","authors":"Vânia M. Dias, A. Kuznetsova, J. Tedim, A. Yaremchenko, M. Zheludkevich, Inês Portugal, D. Evtuguin","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54015","url":null,"abstract":"Paperboard is an environment-friendly multi-layer material widely used for packaging applications. However, for food packaging paperboard lacks essential barrier properties towards oxygen and water vapor. Conventional solutions to enhance these barrier properties (e.g. paperboard film coating with synthetic polymers) require special manufacturing facilities and difficult the end-of-life disposal and recycling of the paperboard. Paperboard coating with silica-based formulations is an eco-friendly alternative hereby disclosed. Silica-nanocoatings were prepared by sol-gel synthesis, with or without the addition of Zn(2)-Al-NO3 layered double hydroxides (LDHs), and applied on the surface (ca 2 g/m2) of industrial paperboard samples by a roll-to-roll technique. The physicochemical features of silica-nanocoatings were studied by FTIR-ATR, SEM/EDS, XRD analysis and surface energy measurements. The barrier properties of uncoated and silica-coated paperboard were accessed by water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and oxygen permeability (Jo2) measurements. The best barrier results were obtained for paperboard coated with a mixture of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), with and without the incorporation of LDHs.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-13DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54020
Eman A. N. Al-Lehaibi, H. Youssef
In this paper, we will study the most important effects in the nano-scale resonator: the coupling effect of temperature and strain rate, and the non-Fourier effect in heat conduction. A solution for the generalized thermoelastic vibration of nano-resonator induced by thermal loading has been developed. The Young’s modulus is taken as a linear function of the reference temperature. The effects of the thermal loading and the reference temperature in all the studied fields have been studied and represented in graphs with some comparisons. The Young’s modulus makes significant effects on all the studied fields where the values of the temperature, the vibration of the deflection, stress, displacement, strain, stress-strain energy increase when the Young’s modulus has taken to be variable.
{"title":"Vibration of Gold Nano-Beam with Variable Young's Modulus Due to Thermal Shock","authors":"Eman A. N. Al-Lehaibi, H. Youssef","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.54020","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we will study the most important effects in the nano-scale resonator: the coupling effect of temperature and strain rate, and the non-Fourier effect in heat conduction. A solution for the generalized thermoelastic vibration of nano-resonator induced by thermal loading has been developed. The Young’s modulus is taken as a linear function of the reference temperature. The effects of the thermal loading and the reference temperature in all the studied fields have been studied and represented in graphs with some comparisons. The Young’s modulus makes significant effects on all the studied fields where the values of the temperature, the vibration of the deflection, stress, displacement, strain, stress-strain energy increase when the Young’s modulus has taken to be variable.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-20DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53012
Jing Cao, B. Poumellec, F. Brisset, A. Helbert, M. Lancry
To control second harmonic generation (SHG) in silica-based glasses is crucial for fabricating photonic devices, such as frequency doubling waveguides. Here, we investigated SHG of laser induced nonlinear optical crystals in silica-based glasses, according to writing speed and pulse energy. We observed two regions with different probing laser polarization angular dependence: a) a well-defined cosine-like curve with period of 180° at low pulse energy (0.8 μJ) whatever the writing speed or at high pulse energy (1.4 μJ) with high writing speed (25 μm/s). This is accounted for by a well-defined texture for the nano crystals with their polar axis oriented perpendicular to the writing laser polarization; and b) a double cosine-like curve revealing a second texture of the crystals at high pulse energy (1.4 μJ) with low writing speed (5 μm/s) and with the polar axis oriented closer parallel to the writing laser polarization. Therefore, a SHG dependence on probing laser polarization angle may show high contrast by a correct choice of the writing speed and pulse energy. These results pave the way for elaboration of nonlinear optical devices.
{"title":"Angular Dependence of the Second Harmonic Generation Induced by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation in Silica-Based Glasses: Variation with Writing Speed and Pulse Energy","authors":"Jing Cao, B. Poumellec, F. Brisset, A. Helbert, M. Lancry","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53012","url":null,"abstract":"To control second harmonic generation (SHG) in silica-based glasses is crucial for fabricating photonic devices, such as frequency doubling waveguides. Here, we investigated SHG of laser induced nonlinear optical crystals in silica-based glasses, according to writing speed and pulse energy. We observed two regions with different probing laser polarization angular dependence: a) a well-defined cosine-like curve with period of 180° at low pulse energy (0.8 μJ) whatever the writing speed or at high pulse energy (1.4 μJ) with high writing speed (25 μm/s). This is accounted for by a well-defined texture for the nano crystals with their polar axis oriented perpendicular to the writing laser polarization; and b) a double cosine-like curve revealing a second texture of the crystals at high pulse energy (1.4 μJ) with low writing speed (5 μm/s) and with the polar axis oriented closer parallel to the writing laser polarization. Therefore, a SHG dependence on probing laser polarization angle may show high contrast by a correct choice of the writing speed and pulse energy. These results pave the way for elaboration of nonlinear optical devices.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-20DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53011
R. Sadual, S. K. Badamali, S. Dapurkar, R. Singh
Oxidation of the lignin model monomer apocynol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenoxy)-ethanol catalysed by mesoporous silica catalysts i.e. MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15 using H2O2 as an oxidant has been studied. Selectively, 2-methoxybenzoquinone was obtained along with acetovanillone. Such unprecedented oxidation behaviour of these metal free siliceous catalysts is attributed to the polar internal surface, high surface area as well as the pore architecture. On the other hand, the studied reaction was found to be non-selective when a commercial grade mesoporous silica i.e. Silica-5 was used as catalyst for comparison. Among the various silica catalysts studied, MCMs gave highest conversion and selectivity towards 2-methoxybenzoquinone under very mild reaction conditions.
{"title":"Unusual Oxidation Behaviour of Mesoporous Silicates towards Lignin Model Phenolic Monomer","authors":"R. Sadual, S. K. Badamali, S. Dapurkar, R. Singh","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53011","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidation of the lignin model monomer apocynol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenoxy)-ethanol catalysed by mesoporous silica catalysts i.e. MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15 using H2O2 as an oxidant has been studied. Selectively, 2-methoxybenzoquinone was obtained along with acetovanillone. Such unprecedented oxidation behaviour of these metal free siliceous catalysts is attributed to the polar internal surface, high surface area as well as the pore architecture. On the other hand, the studied reaction was found to be non-selective when a commercial grade mesoporous silica i.e. Silica-5 was used as catalyst for comparison. Among the various silica catalysts studied, MCMs gave highest conversion and selectivity towards 2-methoxybenzoquinone under very mild reaction conditions.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-20DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53009
K. Kumar, D. Paramesh, P. V. Reddy
Aluminium doped Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles of general formula of Ni0.5Zn0.5AlxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0) have been synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dis-persive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magneto meter (VSM). XRD studies confirm that all compositions show single phase cubic spinel structure. The crystallite size was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula and found in the range of 17 - 52 nm. The lattice parameter “a” is found to decrease with increasing Al3+ content. The SEM images clearly show the crystalline structure and EDX patterns confirm the compositional formation of the synthesized compositions. The results of FTIR analysis indicated that the functional groups of Ni-Zn spinel ferrite were formed during the sol-gel synthesis process. The IR spectra showed two main absorption bands, the high frequency band ν1 around 600 cm-1 and the low frequency band ν2 around 400 cm-1 arising from tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) interstitial sites in the spinel lattice. As doping is increased the magnetic behavior is found to decrease and the composition x = 2.0 ferrite appears to be exhibiting superparamagnetism as the coercive field and retentivity are found near zero.
{"title":"Effect of Aluminium Doping on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ni-Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles","authors":"K. Kumar, D. Paramesh, P. V. Reddy","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.53009","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium doped Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles of general formula of Ni0.5Zn0.5AlxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0) have been synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dis-persive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magneto meter (VSM). XRD studies confirm that all compositions show single phase cubic spinel structure. The crystallite size was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula and found in the range of 17 - 52 nm. The lattice parameter “a” is found to decrease with increasing Al3+ content. The SEM images clearly show the crystalline structure and EDX patterns confirm the compositional formation of the synthesized compositions. The results of FTIR analysis indicated that the functional groups of Ni-Zn spinel ferrite were formed during the sol-gel synthesis process. The IR spectra showed two main absorption bands, the high frequency band ν1 around 600 cm-1 and the low frequency band ν2 around 400 cm-1 arising from tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) interstitial sites in the spinel lattice. As doping is increased the magnetic behavior is found to decrease and the composition x = 2.0 ferrite appears to be exhibiting superparamagnetism as the coercive field and retentivity are found near zero.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-22DOI: 10.4236/WJNSE.2015.52007
M. Naschie
Using a compact heap of Fullerene nano particle moduli of a nano matrix device we propose that by maximizing the Casimir forces between these particles as a desirable effect, we can achieve a gradual rather than a sudden implosion pressure. This we expect will result in a mini holographic universe from which energy can be extracted in a way constituting a nano energy reactor functioning effectively on a hybrid principle somewhere between a Casimir effect and a cold fusion process.
{"title":"A Cold Fusion-Casimir Energy Nano Reactor Proposal","authors":"M. Naschie","doi":"10.4236/WJNSE.2015.52007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNSE.2015.52007","url":null,"abstract":"Using a compact heap of Fullerene nano particle moduli of a nano matrix device we propose that by maximizing the Casimir forces between these particles as a desirable effect, we can achieve a gradual rather than a sudden implosion pressure. This we expect will result in a mini holographic universe from which energy can be extracted in a way constituting a nano energy reactor functioning effectively on a hybrid principle somewhere between a Casimir effect and a cold fusion process.","PeriodicalId":66816,"journal":{"name":"纳米科学与工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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