Pub Date : 2019-05-15DOI: 10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786464
Farshad Mohajer Yami, S. E. Hosseini
Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) is a well-known phenomenon in I-V characteristic of some electron devices such as Resonant Tunneling Diodes (RTDs), Esaki diode and resonant tunneling transistors. In this article a Double Barrier Quantum Well structures (DBQW) resonant tunneling diode has been proposed based on graphene nanoribbon and hexagonal-Boron Nitride. Three different channel RTD structures constructed from ZGNRs are proposed. In these structures, highest peak current of 2.1 µA, and lowest valley current 100nA is achieved. The transport properties of DBQW are explored by Non-Equilibrium Green's-Function (NEGF) formalism.
{"title":"A New Graphene Nanoribbon based Resonant Tunneling Diodes using BN Quantum Well","authors":"Farshad Mohajer Yami, S. E. Hosseini","doi":"10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786464","url":null,"abstract":"Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) is a well-known phenomenon in I-V characteristic of some electron devices such as Resonant Tunneling Diodes (RTDs), Esaki diode and resonant tunneling transistors. In this article a Double Barrier Quantum Well structures (DBQW) resonant tunneling diode has been proposed based on graphene nanoribbon and hexagonal-Boron Nitride. Three different channel RTD structures constructed from ZGNRs are proposed. In these structures, highest peak current of 2.1 µA, and lowest valley current 100nA is achieved. The transport properties of DBQW are explored by Non-Equilibrium Green's-Function (NEGF) formalism.","PeriodicalId":6683,"journal":{"name":"2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)","volume":"34 1","pages":"315-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78152811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786376
Seyed Hesam Odin Hashemi, G. Hodtani
In this paper, a novel structure was proposed for the McEliece cryptosystem. The McEliece public key cryptosystem utilizes Goppa's codes properties to provide security. Due to its robust security and fast speed of executing the encryption and decryption algorithm, McEliece cryptosystem was suggested as an option for post-quantum systems. However, this cryptosystem is not commonly used nowadays due to several major drawbacks. The most important defect in the McEliece cryptosystem is its lengthy key. In this research, Goppa code was replaced by irregular codes of QC-LDPC and QC-MDPC that are utilized simultaneously in order to resolve the prior bottlenecks of this system. The obtained results further verified that the key length was reduced reasonably. Another advantage of this release compared to the traditional version of McEliece cryptosystem is that it has been more secure against message-resend attacks.
{"title":"A Modified McEliece Public-Key Cryptosystem Based On Irregular Codes Of QC-LDPC and QC-MDPC","authors":"Seyed Hesam Odin Hashemi, G. Hodtani","doi":"10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786376","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel structure was proposed for the McEliece cryptosystem. The McEliece public key cryptosystem utilizes Goppa's codes properties to provide security. Due to its robust security and fast speed of executing the encryption and decryption algorithm, McEliece cryptosystem was suggested as an option for post-quantum systems. However, this cryptosystem is not commonly used nowadays due to several major drawbacks. The most important defect in the McEliece cryptosystem is its lengthy key. In this research, Goppa code was replaced by irregular codes of QC-LDPC and QC-MDPC that are utilized simultaneously in order to resolve the prior bottlenecks of this system. The obtained results further verified that the key length was reduced reasonably. Another advantage of this release compared to the traditional version of McEliece cryptosystem is that it has been more secure against message-resend attacks.","PeriodicalId":6683,"journal":{"name":"2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1373-1376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82933625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786385
M. A. Khoshhava, H. A. Zarchi, H. M. Hesar
Recently, Dual Stator Winding Induction Machines (DSWIMs) has attracted the attention of many researchers. These induction machines which have two sets of three phase windings with unequal pole pairs and standard squirrel cage rotors, can overcome the associated complications of conventional three phase induction machines in zero speed operation regions. Generally, having unequal pole pairs brings the ability of independent operation of winding sets and accurately flux estimation in various rotor speed ranges. This paper proposes a direct torque and flux control system for DSWIMs based on Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controllers (BELBICs). These controllers which are model and parameter independent, are auto learning and adaptive. Indeed, in the proposed DSWIM-drive system the reference values for d and q axis voltages of stator winding sets are determined through BELBICs to directly control flux and torque of each winding sets. The reference value of winding fluxes is determined to minimize the stator currents and the torque commands are assigned by a torque sharing algorithm which enables the DSWIM to operate in a wide speed region, ranging from nominal positive to nominal negative. The proposed control system simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK verifies its excellent performance in various speed ranges including zero speed.
{"title":"Direct Torque and Flux Control of Dual Stator Winding Induction Motor Drives based on Emotional Controller","authors":"M. A. Khoshhava, H. A. Zarchi, H. M. Hesar","doi":"10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786385","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Dual Stator Winding Induction Machines (DSWIMs) has attracted the attention of many researchers. These induction machines which have two sets of three phase windings with unequal pole pairs and standard squirrel cage rotors, can overcome the associated complications of conventional three phase induction machines in zero speed operation regions. Generally, having unequal pole pairs brings the ability of independent operation of winding sets and accurately flux estimation in various rotor speed ranges. This paper proposes a direct torque and flux control system for DSWIMs based on Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controllers (BELBICs). These controllers which are model and parameter independent, are auto learning and adaptive. Indeed, in the proposed DSWIM-drive system the reference values for d and q axis voltages of stator winding sets are determined through BELBICs to directly control flux and torque of each winding sets. The reference value of winding fluxes is determined to minimize the stator currents and the torque commands are assigned by a torque sharing algorithm which enables the DSWIM to operate in a wide speed region, ranging from nominal positive to nominal negative. The proposed control system simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK verifies its excellent performance in various speed ranges including zero speed.","PeriodicalId":6683,"journal":{"name":"2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"720-724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86427904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786439
Hassan Rivandi, F. Shakibaee, M. Saberi
In this paper, a 6-bit 100-MS/s fully-digital time-based analog-to-digital converter (T-ADC) is proposed. The proposed structure uses a new bulk-driven structure for the required delay element circuits that not only presents a highly-linear voltage-to-delay characteristic, but also reduces the power consumption of the converter. Moreover, the proposed structure utilizes a new switching technique to reduce the complexity of the circuit. In addition, since the output laches of the converter are removed in the proposed T-ADC, the power consumption and the occupied area of the proposed circuit are reduced compared with the conventional structure. The proposed fully-digital T-ADC has been designed and implemented in a 0.13-μm CMOS process with a supply voltage of 1.2 V. Post-layout simulation results show that the proposed ADC archives an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 5.22 bits at the cost of 380 μW power consumption. The silicon area occupied by the proposed circuit is 200 μmx45 μm that is reduced by 75% compared with the conventional counterpart.
{"title":"A 6-bit 100-MS/s Fully-Digital Time-Based Analog-to-Digital Converter","authors":"Hassan Rivandi, F. Shakibaee, M. Saberi","doi":"10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786439","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a 6-bit 100-MS/s fully-digital time-based analog-to-digital converter (T-ADC) is proposed. The proposed structure uses a new bulk-driven structure for the required delay element circuits that not only presents a highly-linear voltage-to-delay characteristic, but also reduces the power consumption of the converter. Moreover, the proposed structure utilizes a new switching technique to reduce the complexity of the circuit. In addition, since the output laches of the converter are removed in the proposed T-ADC, the power consumption and the occupied area of the proposed circuit are reduced compared with the conventional structure. The proposed fully-digital T-ADC has been designed and implemented in a 0.13-μm CMOS process with a supply voltage of 1.2 V. Post-layout simulation results show that the proposed ADC archives an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 5.22 bits at the cost of 380 μW power consumption. The silicon area occupied by the proposed circuit is 200 μmx45 μm that is reduced by 75% compared with the conventional counterpart.","PeriodicalId":6683,"journal":{"name":"2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)","volume":"59 1","pages":"412-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86043759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786453
Ali Rajabi Mashhadi, M. Mohammadi, V. Mohtashami
International and national guidelines require a 6-minute temporal averaging of the measured signal when assessing the compliance of electromagnetic field levels for human safety. Spatial averaging is also required to account for total body exposure. When a telecom operator or governing authority wants to addressing public concern, the measurements have to be conducted at lots of locations. Hence, the measurement campaign tends to be time-consuming and costly. This paper presents an algorithm for reducing the measurement time when evaluating the compliance of electromagnetic fields radiated by telecom operators. The algorithm is based on moving quadratic average and is suitable for averaging the volatile measured signal. The post-processing of the measured signal results in an empirical model for selecting a shorter averaging time with an acceptable accuracy. Several measurements in outdoor and indoor scenarios have been performed with a calibrated wideband probe on the campus of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The processing of the results based on the presented algorithm show that a 1 minute rms value is adequate to obtain the field level with practically less than 5% accuracy. This significantly reduces the measurement time and associated expenses.
{"title":"Measurement Time Reduction in Compliance Assessment of Electromagnetic Field Levels","authors":"Ali Rajabi Mashhadi, M. Mohammadi, V. Mohtashami","doi":"10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786453","url":null,"abstract":"International and national guidelines require a 6-minute temporal averaging of the measured signal when assessing the compliance of electromagnetic field levels for human safety. Spatial averaging is also required to account for total body exposure. When a telecom operator or governing authority wants to addressing public concern, the measurements have to be conducted at lots of locations. Hence, the measurement campaign tends to be time-consuming and costly. This paper presents an algorithm for reducing the measurement time when evaluating the compliance of electromagnetic fields radiated by telecom operators. The algorithm is based on moving quadratic average and is suitable for averaging the volatile measured signal. The post-processing of the measured signal results in an empirical model for selecting a shorter averaging time with an acceptable accuracy. Several measurements in outdoor and indoor scenarios have been performed with a calibrated wideband probe on the campus of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The processing of the results based on the presented algorithm show that a 1 minute rms value is adequate to obtain the field level with practically less than 5% accuracy. This significantly reduces the measurement time and associated expenses.","PeriodicalId":6683,"journal":{"name":"2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)","volume":"6 1","pages":"1664-1668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90635842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786747
J. Nourinia, C. Ghobadi, B. Mohammadi, Abdelhady Mahmoud, I. Aryanian
A reflectarray antenna (RA) with a novel sub-wavelength-frequency selective surface (FSS) is introduced as a ground plane. The unit element consists of two concentric circular rings, where the width of the outer ring is constant and the width of the inner ring varies. The proposed multi-resonance sub-wavelength element has a linear reflection phase and improved element loss, which results in increased bandwidth and improved aperture efficiency. The triple-connected C-shaped resonator as FSS is used in each unit element instead of the ground plane, so that it is reflective in the frequency range of 9.42-12.55GHz and is transparent outside the working frequency band of the antenna. The reflective and pattern characteristics of the unit elements with the solid-metal and FSS ground planes are compared with each other. The proposed FSS-backed RA has a peak gain of 26.26dBi at 10GHz with a 42.87% aperture efficiency and 15.4% 1dB gain bandwidth. The gain of RA with the FSS ground plane is 0.3 dB lower than the RA with a solid-metal ground plane, while their 1dB gain bandwidth is almost equal.
{"title":"RCS Reduction of Reflectarray Antenna Backed with Sub-Wavelength Frequency Selective Surface","authors":"J. Nourinia, C. Ghobadi, B. Mohammadi, Abdelhady Mahmoud, I. Aryanian","doi":"10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786747","url":null,"abstract":"A reflectarray antenna (RA) with a novel sub-wavelength-frequency selective surface (FSS) is introduced as a ground plane. The unit element consists of two concentric circular rings, where the width of the outer ring is constant and the width of the inner ring varies. The proposed multi-resonance sub-wavelength element has a linear reflection phase and improved element loss, which results in increased bandwidth and improved aperture efficiency. The triple-connected C-shaped resonator as FSS is used in each unit element instead of the ground plane, so that it is reflective in the frequency range of 9.42-12.55GHz and is transparent outside the working frequency band of the antenna. The reflective and pattern characteristics of the unit elements with the solid-metal and FSS ground planes are compared with each other. The proposed FSS-backed RA has a peak gain of 26.26dBi at 10GHz with a 42.87% aperture efficiency and 15.4% 1dB gain bandwidth. The gain of RA with the FSS ground plane is 0.3 dB lower than the RA with a solid-metal ground plane, while their 1dB gain bandwidth is almost equal.","PeriodicalId":6683,"journal":{"name":"2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)","volume":"92 1","pages":"1627-1631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73884126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786486
Pooria Seyed Eftetahi, A. H. Arani, M. Omidi
In next-generation wireless networks, the demand for higher rates and seamless mobility have been considered as major challenges. To meet the ever increasing demands in rates and capacities, the deployment of heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is proposed as a key solution. In this paper, in order to reduce the energy consumption of base stations (BSs) in HetNets, a sleep mode approach is applied. In this approach, an opportunistic ON/OFF switching technique based on a non-cooperative game is used. In order to solve the game, a distributed learning algorithm is utilized. Moreover, we propose two handover (HO) algorithms. The first HO algorithm is based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and load. In order to reduce the number of HOs, we also propose another algorithm based on RSSI, load and velocity, where high-speed user equipments are encouraged to connect to macro base stations. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithms reduce the average number of HOs and improve the energy efficiency (EE) of the network compared to the benchmark algorithms.
{"title":"Handover Management Based on RSSI, Load and Velocity in Dense Green Heterogeneous Networks","authors":"Pooria Seyed Eftetahi, A. H. Arani, M. Omidi","doi":"10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786486","url":null,"abstract":"In next-generation wireless networks, the demand for higher rates and seamless mobility have been considered as major challenges. To meet the ever increasing demands in rates and capacities, the deployment of heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is proposed as a key solution. In this paper, in order to reduce the energy consumption of base stations (BSs) in HetNets, a sleep mode approach is applied. In this approach, an opportunistic ON/OFF switching technique based on a non-cooperative game is used. In order to solve the game, a distributed learning algorithm is utilized. Moreover, we propose two handover (HO) algorithms. The first HO algorithm is based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and load. In order to reduce the number of HOs, we also propose another algorithm based on RSSI, load and velocity, where high-speed user equipments are encouraged to connect to macro base stations. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithms reduce the average number of HOs and improve the energy efficiency (EE) of the network compared to the benchmark algorithms.","PeriodicalId":6683,"journal":{"name":"2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)","volume":"12 1","pages":"1543-1548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75219318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786492
H. Berahmandpour, S. Kouhsari, H. Rastegar
Uncertainty and variability are two main specifications of wind generation and the ability of the power system to overcome these challenges is called the flexibility. Flexibility index is a measure to evaluate the flexibility level of the power system. This index should show a good view of the ability of power system and also easily converted to equivalent cost to be combined with the operation cost function. Through this approach a good trade-off between generation cost and needed flexibility can be done. In this paper, a conceptual flexibility index is introduced suitably for the real time operation in the presence of wind farms. Two main components of this index are up and down generation constraints and ramp rate limitations of each unit. So, by combination of the flexibility indices of all units, the system flexibility index is introduced which can be used as the main part of flexibility cost in the objective function. Economic dispatch simulation is used for the economic trade-off between the generation cost and the cost of flexibility to get the best level of system flexibility in the presence of wind farms considering units constraints and system loss.
{"title":"A New Flexibility Index in Real Time Operation Incorporating Wind Farms","authors":"H. Berahmandpour, S. Kouhsari, H. Rastegar","doi":"10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786492","url":null,"abstract":"Uncertainty and variability are two main specifications of wind generation and the ability of the power system to overcome these challenges is called the flexibility. Flexibility index is a measure to evaluate the flexibility level of the power system. This index should show a good view of the ability of power system and also easily converted to equivalent cost to be combined with the operation cost function. Through this approach a good trade-off between generation cost and needed flexibility can be done. In this paper, a conceptual flexibility index is introduced suitably for the real time operation in the presence of wind farms. Two main components of this index are up and down generation constraints and ramp rate limitations of each unit. So, by combination of the flexibility indices of all units, the system flexibility index is introduced which can be used as the main part of flexibility cost in the objective function. Economic dispatch simulation is used for the economic trade-off between the generation cost and the cost of flexibility to get the best level of system flexibility in the presence of wind farms considering units constraints and system loss.","PeriodicalId":6683,"journal":{"name":"2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)","volume":"16 5","pages":"549-553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72558351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786475
Mohammad Karimzadeh-Farshbafan, M. Bahonar, Farshid Khajehrayeni
Device-to-device (D2D) communication that allows proximity users to communicate directly has been recently proposed to improve spectral efficiency of cellular networks. In this paper, we assume a cellular network consisting of multiple cellular user equipments (CUEs), which are the primary users, and a cognitive D2D pair, which is the secondary user. The D2D pair needs a bandwidth for data transmission that can be obtained via spectrum trading. We introduce a bandwidth-auction game for the spectrum trading problem. The base station (BS) and CUEs are able to sell their spectrum or share it with the D2D pair, which allows the D2D pair to operate in orthogonal sharing, cellular, or non-orthogonal sharing (NOS) modes. Operation of the D2D pair in the NOS mode causes interference to the CUEs, which is possible under low interference condition. In the auction, the D2D pair can buy its required spectrum from three different service providers (SPs) corresponding to each mode that operate on different frequency spectrums. The D2D pair bids a price-bandwidth demand curve and the SPs offer a price-demand supply curve. Since each player is not aware of the strategy of other players in practical scenarios, the game is assumed to be an incomplete information repeated one. A best response based learning method is proposed for the decision making procedure of all players, the D2D pair and SPs. It is shown that the proposed method converges to the Nash equilibrium (NE) point of the game more rapidly than the state-of-the-art methods when the game is played repeatedly. The sensitivity of the proposed method to the learning rate variable is also less than the state-of-the-art methods and hence can be considered as a robust one.
{"title":"Spectrum Trading for Device-to-Device Communication in Cellular Networks using Incomplete Information Bandwidth-Auction Game","authors":"Mohammad Karimzadeh-Farshbafan, M. Bahonar, Farshid Khajehrayeni","doi":"10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786475","url":null,"abstract":"Device-to-device (D2D) communication that allows proximity users to communicate directly has been recently proposed to improve spectral efficiency of cellular networks. In this paper, we assume a cellular network consisting of multiple cellular user equipments (CUEs), which are the primary users, and a cognitive D2D pair, which is the secondary user. The D2D pair needs a bandwidth for data transmission that can be obtained via spectrum trading. We introduce a bandwidth-auction game for the spectrum trading problem. The base station (BS) and CUEs are able to sell their spectrum or share it with the D2D pair, which allows the D2D pair to operate in orthogonal sharing, cellular, or non-orthogonal sharing (NOS) modes. Operation of the D2D pair in the NOS mode causes interference to the CUEs, which is possible under low interference condition. In the auction, the D2D pair can buy its required spectrum from three different service providers (SPs) corresponding to each mode that operate on different frequency spectrums. The D2D pair bids a price-bandwidth demand curve and the SPs offer a price-demand supply curve. Since each player is not aware of the strategy of other players in practical scenarios, the game is assumed to be an incomplete information repeated one. A best response based learning method is proposed for the decision making procedure of all players, the D2D pair and SPs. It is shown that the proposed method converges to the Nash equilibrium (NE) point of the game more rapidly than the state-of-the-art methods when the game is played repeatedly. The sensitivity of the proposed method to the learning rate variable is also less than the state-of-the-art methods and hence can be considered as a robust one.","PeriodicalId":6683,"journal":{"name":"2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)","volume":"29 1","pages":"1441-1447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78922161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786480
Pantea Kiaei, Mojan Javaheripi, H. Mohammadzade
Despite many advances in optical character recognition in general, there are still serious challenges remaining in recognizing Farsi text. The main reason is the cursive nature of the letters in written Farsi, i.e., depending on the position of a letter within a word, it might join to its neighboring letters, which consequently changes the shape of the character. As a result, each letter can have up to four different character shapes. In addition to the problem of segmenting the characters, the increased number of characters makes the recognition task even more challenging. This paper introduces a complete framework for character recognition, including a method for segmenting the characters and one for classifying the resulting separated characters. Character segmentation is performed using a new sliding-window algorithm with a high accuracy rate of 98.23%. With a total of 32 Farsi letters resulting in 114 character shapes, an almost perfect character recognition rate of 99.94% is achieved using the proposed Fisher characters method. The final system, including segmentation and recognition modules, achieves a recognition rate of 98.17% and is robust against the scale and rotation of the image, and the font size of the written text.
{"title":"High Accuracy Farsi Language Character Segmentation and Recognition","authors":"Pantea Kiaei, Mojan Javaheripi, H. Mohammadzade","doi":"10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786480","url":null,"abstract":"Despite many advances in optical character recognition in general, there are still serious challenges remaining in recognizing Farsi text. The main reason is the cursive nature of the letters in written Farsi, i.e., depending on the position of a letter within a word, it might join to its neighboring letters, which consequently changes the shape of the character. As a result, each letter can have up to four different character shapes. In addition to the problem of segmenting the characters, the increased number of characters makes the recognition task even more challenging. This paper introduces a complete framework for character recognition, including a method for segmenting the characters and one for classifying the resulting separated characters. Character segmentation is performed using a new sliding-window algorithm with a high accuracy rate of 98.23%. With a total of 32 Farsi letters resulting in 114 character shapes, an almost perfect character recognition rate of 99.94% is achieved using the proposed Fisher characters method. The final system, including segmentation and recognition modules, achieves a recognition rate of 98.17% and is robust against the scale and rotation of the image, and the font size of the written text.","PeriodicalId":6683,"journal":{"name":"2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)","volume":"63 1","pages":"1692-1698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78206087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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