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2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)最新文献

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Selecting the Optimal System Design under Covariates 协变量下最优系统设计的选择
Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/COASE.2019.8842957
Siyang Gao, Jianzhong Du, Chun-Hung Chen
In this research, we consider the ranking and selection problem in the presence of covariates. It is an important problem in personalized decision making. The performance of each design alternative depends on the values of the covariates to the simulation model for which the relationship is hard to describe analytically. Therefore the optimal design under each possible covariate value needs to be estimated by simulation. This work first introduces three measures to evaluate the selection quality over the covariate space and investigates their rate functions of convergence. By optimizing the rate functions, an asymptotically optimal budget allocation rule is developed and a corresponding selection algorithm is devised. We further show that the selection algorithm can recover the asymptotical optimal allocation in the limit. The high efficiency of the selection algorithm is illustrated via numerical testing.
在本研究中,我们考虑了协变量存在下的排序和选择问题。这是个性化决策中的一个重要问题。每个设计方案的性能取决于仿真模型的协变量的值,这种关系很难用分析方法描述。因此,需要通过仿真来估计每个可能协变量值下的最优设计。本文首先介绍了在协变量空间上评估选择质量的三种方法,并研究了它们的收敛速度函数。通过对费率函数的优化,提出了渐近最优预算分配规则,并设计了相应的选择算法。进一步证明了选择算法可以在极限条件下恢复到渐近最优分配。通过数值试验验证了该算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 25
Energy Consumption optimization in Two-Machine Bernoulli Serial Lines with Limits on Machine Efficiency 具有机器效率限制的双机伯努利串联生产线的能耗优化
Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/COASE.2019.8843052
Chao-Bo Yan
Since the high energy consumption is prominent in production systems, reducing the energy consumption is of great significance. In this paper, the energy consumption optimization problem in a two-machine Bernoulli line with general lowerand upper-bounds of machine efficiencies is investigated. Specifically, the problem is formulated as a constrained nonlinear programming; taking advantage of existing results of the optimization model without additional limits on machine efficiencies, the structure of the feasible region and properties of the objective function on the feasible region are analyzed; based on the structure of the feasible region and properties of the objective function obtained, a method is developed to solve the energy consumption optimization problem in the two-machine Bernoulli line with general limits on machine efficiencies.
由于生产系统的高能耗问题十分突出,降低能耗具有重要意义。本文研究了具有一般机器效率下界和上界的双机伯努利线的能耗优化问题。具体来说,该问题被表述为约束非线性规划;利用已有的不附加机器效率限制的优化模型的结果,分析了可行域的结构和可行域上目标函数的性质;根据可行域的结构和得到的目标函数的性质,提出了一种具有一般机器效率限制的双机伯努利线能耗优化问题的求解方法。
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引用次数: 1
3D Printing of Nonplanar Layers for Smooth Surface Generation 用于光滑表面生成的非平面层3D打印
Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/COASE.2019.8843116
Daniel Ahlers, Florens Wasserfall, N. Hendrich, Jianwei Zhang
Additive manufacturing processes are inherently subject to discretization effects. For most technologies, stairstepping artifacts impair the surface quality of 3D printed objects, especially when the surface slope is close to horizontal.In this paper we propose a novel Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) slicing approach that combines nonplanar and planar layers, increasing printing quality and resulting in smoother, stronger object surfaces. Our slicing algorithm automatically detects which parts of the object should be printed with nonplanar layers and uses a geometric model of the printhead and extruder to generate collision-free toolpaths.Our open source implementation is based on the popular Slic3r tool and can be used on all common three-axis 3D printers. We present typical printing results and compare surface quality as well as slicing and printing times with traditional and adaptive planar slicing.
增材制造过程本身就受到离散化效应的影响。对于大多数技术来说,台阶式工件会损害3D打印对象的表面质量,特别是当表面坡度接近水平时。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的融合沉积建模(FDM)切片方法,该方法结合了非平面和平面层,提高了打印质量,并产生了更光滑、更坚固的物体表面。我们的切片算法自动检测物体的哪些部分应该用非平面层打印,并使用打印头和挤出机的几何模型来生成无碰撞的工具路径。我们的开源实现基于流行的Slic3r工具,可以在所有常见的三轴3D打印机上使用。我们给出了典型的打印结果,并比较了传统和自适应平面切片的表面质量、切片和打印时间。
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引用次数: 53
Modelling the Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Perforated Foldcore Sandwich Composites for Application in Room Air Conditioning 应用于室内空调的多孔折叠芯夹层复合材料的流动和传热特性建模
Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/COASE.2019.8842913
Marius Oei, Y. Klett, Nadine Harder, D. Flemming, O. Sawodny
In this work, the use of foldcore sandwich elements for building ventilation is investigated. Lightweight folded structures as an alternative to conventional sandwich core materials with the potential to be used for air or fluid transport have been investigated in aerospace engineering. Their high specific stiffness and strength in combination with multifunctional properties permits a reduction of system mass without sacrificing structural performance. Applied to the context of civil engineering, the embodied energy inherent to complex ventilation system may be reduced by the use of multifunctional, lightweight components. This work proposes an application in ultra-lightweight buildings as wall, ceiling or façde elements with integrated air ducts and large two-dimensional ventilation outlets by perforating the room-facing surface layer of the sandwich. The resulting element combines convective and radiative heating in a novel way by thermally coupling the airflow of the space heater with the room-facing surface. The mentioned properties are investigated in theory by forming a 1-dimensional distributed parameter fluid-dynamical model resulting in a boundary value problem. This is extended by a formulation of the heat transfer between fluid and surface layer. The models are evaluated and their parameters identified in practice by analyzing a prototype on a test bench. The results are integrated into a building energy performance simulation in Modelica to enable simulative studies of the impact on building occupant comfort.
本文对叠芯夹层构件在建筑通风中的应用进行了研究。轻型折叠结构作为传统夹层芯材料的替代品,在航空航天工程中具有用于空气或流体输送的潜力。它们的高比刚度和强度与多功能特性相结合,可以在不牺牲结构性能的情况下减少系统质量。应用于土木工程的背景下,复杂通风系统固有的隐含能量可以通过使用多功能,轻质组件来减少。这项工作提出了一种应用在超轻型建筑的墙壁、天花板或立面元素,通过在夹层的面向房间的表层穿孔,集成了风管和大型二维通风出口。由此产生的元件通过将空间加热器的气流与面向房间的表面热耦合,以一种新颖的方式将对流和辐射加热结合起来。通过建立一维分布参数流体力学模型,得到边值问题,对上述性质进行了理论研究。这是由流体和表面层之间的热传递的公式推广。在实际应用中,通过对样机的分析,对模型进行了评价,并确定了模型的参数。这些结果被整合到Modelica的建筑能源性能模拟中,以便对建筑居住者舒适度的影响进行模拟研究。
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引用次数: 4
Simultaneously Determining Target Object and Transport Velocity for Manipulator and Moving Vehicle in Piece-Picking Operation 拣件作业中机械手和移动车辆目标物体和运输速度的同时确定
Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/COASE.2019.8843236
N. Kimura, Ryo Sakai, Shinichi Katsumata, Nobuhiro Chihara
We propose a deep learning-based method that simultaneously determines a target object to be picked up by an autonomous manipulator and the velocity of an automated guided vehicle (AGV) that passes in front of the manipulator while the AGV carries a carton case containing the target and other objects. Our method can efficiently perform automated piece-picking operations in warehouses without the AGV needing to pause in front of the manipulator. In our method, for preparing supervised data sets with color images of objects that are randomly piled up in the carton case, a simulator checks whether each object is “pickable” or not by trying to plan the manipulator’s motion to have its hand reach the object while avoiding surrounding obstacles by using the depth images in consideration of the carton case’s movement and velocity. Then, we make each of multiple deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) corresponding to multiple levels of velocity learn to detect grasp points for only pickable objects from an RGB image. In our experimental test, using our method, a prototype of the system successfully picked ordered objects up without the AGV pausing while the AGV changed its velocity depending on the layout of the objects in the carton case.
我们提出了一种基于深度学习的方法,该方法同时确定自主机械手要拾取的目标物体和自动导引车(AGV)的速度,当AGV携带装有目标和其他物体的纸箱时,AGV从机械手前面经过。该方法可以有效地完成仓库的自动拣件作业,而无需AGV在机械手前暂停。在我们的方法中,为了准备有监督的数据集,其中包含随机堆放在纸箱中的物体的彩色图像,模拟器通过考虑纸箱的运动和速度,试图利用深度图像来规划机械手的运动,使其手能够到达物体,同时避开周围的障碍物,从而检查每个物体是否“可拾取”。然后,我们使对应于多个速度级别的多个深度卷积神经网络(DCNNs)中的每一个都学习从RGB图像中仅检测可拾取物体的抓取点。在我们的实验测试中,使用我们的方法,系统的原型成功地拾取了有序的物体,而AGV没有暂停,而AGV根据物体在纸箱中的布局改变其速度。
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引用次数: 1
Quantitative Variable Autonomy Levels for Traded Control in a Pick-and-Place Task 取放任务中交易控制的定量变量自治水平
Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/COASE.2019.8843074
Christopher Robinson, Indika B. Wijayasinghe, D. Popa
As robotic agents become increasingly present in human environments, task completion rates during human-robot interaction is an important topic of research. Safe collaborative robots executing tasks under human supervision often augment their perception and planning capabilities through traded or shared control schemes. In this paper, we present a quantitatively defined model for sliding-scale autonomy, in which levels of autonomy are determined by the relative efficacy of autonomous subroutines. We experimentally test the resulting Variable Autonomy Planning (VAP) algorithm against a traditional traded control scheme in a pick-and-place task. Results show that prioritizing autonomy levels with higher success rates as encoded into VAP, allows users to effectively and intuitively select optimal autonomy levels for efficient task completion.
随着机器人代理越来越多地出现在人类环境中,人机交互过程中的任务完成率是一个重要的研究课题。在人类监督下执行任务的安全协作机器人通常通过交易或共享控制方案来增强其感知和规划能力。在本文中,我们提出了一个定量定义的滑动尺度自治模型,其中自治水平由自治子程序的相对有效性决定。我们在一个取放任务中实验测试了所得到的可变自治规划(VAP)算法与传统的交易控制方案。结果表明,编码到VAP中的具有较高成功率的优先级自治级别允许用户有效和直观地选择最优自治级别以高效完成任务。
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引用次数: 0
A heuristic pathfinding algorithm for dynamic fault tolerance in manufacturing networks 制造网络中动态容错的启发式寻径算法
Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/COASE.2019.8843252
Yinan Wu, Gongzhuang Peng, Heming Zhang
Nowadays the increasing demand for high-reliability service compositions in manufacturing networks has brought new challenges for fault tolerance methods. It involves the real-time detection and rapid recovery of manufacturing services to deal with the unavoidable failures and errors. Appropriate dynamic fault tolerance methods need to be adopted to mask faults immediately after they occur in order to improve the reliability of the manufacturing network. Aiming at solving this problem, a dynamic fault tolerance method based on the pathfinding algorithm is thus put forward. First, a network model is constructed to explicitly describe the manufacturing services and their relationships. Then the dynamic fault tolerance problem can be modeled as a Multi-Constrained Optimal Path (MCOP) selection problem. On this basis, a novel Dynamic A* Search based Fault Tolerance (DAS_FT) algorithm is proposed to solve the NP-Complete MCOP problem. The propose d algorithm can find the suitable replacement schemes for failed service compositions with the help of the redundant resources in the manufacturing network, which will satisfy the Quality of Service (QoS) constraints of the manufacturing task at the same time. A set of computational experiments are designed to evaluate the proposed DAS_FT and other popular algorithms such as NSGA II and MFPB_HOSTP, which are applied to the same dataset. The results obtained illustrate that the DAS_FT algorithm can improve the reliability of the manufacturing network effectively. In addition, the DAS_FT can efficiently find the replacement schemes with better QoS compared with NSGA II and MFPB_HOSTP.
当前,制造网络对高可靠性业务组合的需求日益增长,对容错方法提出了新的挑战。它涉及到制造服务的实时检测和快速恢复,以处理不可避免的故障和错误。为了提高制造网络的可靠性,需要采用适当的动态容错方法,在故障发生后立即屏蔽故障。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于寻径算法的动态容错方法。首先,构建网络模型,明确描述制造服务及其相互关系。然后将动态容错问题建模为多约束最优路径选择问题。在此基础上,提出了一种新的基于动态a *搜索的容错算法(DAS_FT)来解决NP-Complete MCOP问题。该算法可以利用制造网络中的冗余资源,在满足制造任务QoS约束的前提下,找到适合于失效服务组合的替换方案。设计了一组计算实验,以评估所提出的DAS_FT和其他流行的算法(如NSGA II和MFPB_HOSTP)在同一数据集上的应用。仿真结果表明,DAS_FT算法可以有效地提高制造网络的可靠性。此外,DAS_FT可以有效地找到比NSGA II和MFPB_HOSTP具有更好QoS的替代方案。
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引用次数: 1
A Cuckoo Search-Based Scheduling Algorithm for a Semiconductor Production Line with Constrained Waiting Time 基于布谷鸟搜索的等待时间约束半导体生产线调度算法
Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/COASE.2019.8842869
Lijie Zhou, Chengran Lin, Biao Hu, Zhengcai Cao
The scheduling problem of a semiconductor production line with a constrained waiting time is studied in this paper. This problem can be regarded as an expanded flexible job-shop scheduling problem, which can often be described by a mixed integer nonlinear programming model. An improved cuckoo search algorithm is proposed to minimize the weighted completion time including the penalty of constrained waiting time violation. In the algorithm, we propose using an onedimensional chaotic search strategy to make full use of the local space information. In addition, we introduce backtracking search into our algorithm to ensure a desired diversification of population. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approaches outperform several other state-of-the-art meta-heuristics.
研究了一类具有约束等待时间的半导体生产线的调度问题。该问题可以看作是一个扩展的柔性作业车间调度问题,通常可以用混合整数非线性规划模型来描述。提出了一种改进的布谷鸟搜索算法,以最小化加权完成时间,包括约束等待时间违反的惩罚。在算法中,我们提出了一种一维混沌搜索策略,以充分利用局部空间信息。此外,我们在算法中引入回溯搜索,以确保期望的种群多样化。实验结果表明,我们提出的方法优于其他几种最先进的元启发式方法。
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引用次数: 1
Set-Based Predictive Control for Collision Detection and Evasion 基于集的碰撞检测与规避预测控制
Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/COASE.2019.8842963
J. Crowley, Yegeta Zeleke, Berk Altm, R. Sanfelice
We propose a set-based predictive control frame-work to predict inbound dynamic obstacles and optimize trajectories in the interest of safely guiding a vehicle towards a target. To account for uncertainties, the set-based controller generalizes conventional model predictive control and predicts the set that the state of a dynamical system might belong to. This generalization is used to formulate collision avoidance as a hard constraint in the set-based predictive control algorithm. As a proof-of-concept, the proposed framework is applied to a ground vehicle attempting to reach a target while anticipating and evading collisions with obstacles in the operating environment. Other applications of the controller and the associated optimal control problem are discussed.
我们提出了一种基于集合的预测控制框架来预测入站动态障碍物并优化轨迹,以安全引导车辆驶向目标。为了考虑不确定性,基于集合的控制器对传统模型预测控制进行了推广,并预测了动态系统状态可能属于的集合。利用这一推广将避碰作为基于集合的预测控制算法中的硬约束。作为概念验证,所提出的框架应用于地面车辆试图到达目标,同时在操作环境中预测和避开与障碍物的碰撞。文中还讨论了该控制器的其他应用以及相关的最优控制问题。
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引用次数: 4
Real-time Validation of Digital Models for Manufacturing Systems: a Novel Signal-processing-based Approach 制造系统数字模型的实时验证:一种基于信号处理的新方法
Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/COASE.2019.8843082
Giovanni Lugaresi, Gianluca Aglio, Federico Folgheraiter, A. Matta
Recently, the connection between manufacturing systems and their digital counterparts has become of great significance for planning and control activities in a short-term scope. However, the alignment of a digital model with a very dynamic system is not always guaranteed, and traditional validation techniques cannot be used since they are designed for off-line simulators and rely on the availability of a large amount of data. This work develops a novel validation procedure inspired by signal-processing theory and a novel approach called quasi Trace Driven Simulation. The procedure is coherent with a Real-Time Simulation framework since it does not require large datasets to provide a good solution. The approach has been tried on test cases which demonstrated its applicability to a manufacturing environment.
最近,制造系统与其数字对应物之间的连接对于短期范围内的计划和控制活动具有重要意义。然而,数字模型与非常动态的系统的一致性并不总是得到保证,传统的验证技术不能使用,因为它们是为离线模拟器设计的,并且依赖于大量数据的可用性。这项工作开发了一种新的验证程序,灵感来自信号处理理论和一种称为准轨迹驱动仿真的新方法。该过程与实时仿真框架一致,因为它不需要大型数据集来提供良好的解决方案。该方法已在测试用例上进行了试验,证明了它在制造环境中的适用性。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)
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