Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2020.9050003
Juan Fan, R. Milosevic, Shijie Wang
Spasticity can be caused by central nervous system dysfunction, such as cerebral palsy and stroke. The accepted pathogenesis of spasticity is that the muscles are in the state of uninhibited stretch reflex without enough control of central nervous system. So far, there is no ideal way about how to repair central nervous system. However, the uninhibited stretch reflex can be reduced, targeting the posterior root of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves innervating the limbs, which are called selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) and selective peripheral neurotomy (SPN), respectively. SPN is indicated for focal or multifocal spasticity, which is well accepted due to its low invasiveness and ease of use. How does the operation work? What do we do before and during this operation? Is there any risk to the patients? Our review summarizes the mechanism, indications, preoperative assessments, techniques, and complications of SPN. We hope that the spastic patients, such as pediatric cerebral palsy patients and older stroke patients, will benefit from this surgery.
{"title":"Selective peripheral neurotomy (SPN) as a treatment strategy for spasticity","authors":"Juan Fan, R. Milosevic, Shijie Wang","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2020.9050003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2020.9050003","url":null,"abstract":"Spasticity can be caused by central nervous system dysfunction, such as cerebral palsy and stroke. The accepted pathogenesis of spasticity is that the muscles are in the state of uninhibited stretch reflex without enough control of central nervous system. So far, there is no ideal way about how to repair central nervous system. However, the uninhibited stretch reflex can be reduced, targeting the posterior root of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves innervating the limbs, which are called selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) and selective peripheral neurotomy (SPN), respectively. SPN is indicated for focal or multifocal spasticity, which is well accepted due to its low invasiveness and ease of use. How does the operation work? What do we do before and during this operation? Is there any risk to the patients? Our review summarizes the mechanism, indications, preoperative assessments, techniques, and complications of SPN. We hope that the spastic patients, such as pediatric cerebral palsy patients and older stroke patients, will benefit from this surgery.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41632440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2019.9050022
Xiong Li, Yinya Zhang, Binyang Xiang, J. Meng
Empathy for pain is a hotspot in the field of empathy research because of its specific cognitive and neural mechanism. Currently, studies of empathy for pain can be classified into two categories based on the body regions receiving the painful stimulus, i.e., empathy for face pain and empathy for body pain, which conveys painful information based on individuals’ faces or body parts, respectively. Although the existing evidence revealed differences between these two kinds of pain empathy regarding the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms, the current studies tend to confuse these findings. Therefore, we summarized the differences between empathy for face and body pain, mainly regarding the behavioral reactivity tendency, brain activations, and electrophysiological (EEG) signals. These differences probably stem from the fact that the human face contains more emotional information, while other body parts contain more perceptual information. Thus, future studies should identify the distinctions between empathy for face and body pain, to explore further how empathy for face pain is affected by the facial information of others and focus on empathy for face pain in individuals with psychopathological disorders. Furthermore, the specific reasons for these distinctions and their underlying neuromechanisms deserve to be further reviewed.
{"title":"Differences between empathy for face and body pain: Cognitive and neural responses","authors":"Xiong Li, Yinya Zhang, Binyang Xiang, J. Meng","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2019.9050022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050022","url":null,"abstract":"Empathy for pain is a hotspot in the field of empathy research because of its specific cognitive and neural mechanism. Currently, studies of empathy for pain can be classified into two categories based on the body regions receiving the painful stimulus, i.e., empathy for face pain and empathy for body pain, which conveys painful information based on individuals’ faces or body parts, respectively. Although the existing evidence revealed differences between these two kinds of pain empathy regarding the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms, the current studies tend to confuse these findings. Therefore, we summarized the differences between empathy for face and body pain, mainly regarding the behavioral reactivity tendency, brain activations, and electrophysiological (EEG) signals. These differences probably stem from the fact that the human face contains more emotional information, while other body parts contain more perceptual information. Thus, future studies should identify the distinctions between empathy for face and body pain, to explore further how empathy for face pain is affected by the facial information of others and focus on empathy for face pain in individuals with psychopathological disorders. Furthermore, the specific reasons for these distinctions and their underlying neuromechanisms deserve to be further reviewed.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48709496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2019.9050023
Ming Zhang, Yuqi Zhang, Y. Kong
People often experience two types of pain: social pain and physical pain. The former is related to psychological distance from other people or social groups, whereas the latter is associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Social pain caused by interpersonal interactions causes negative feelings in individuals and has negative consequences to the same degree as physical pain. Various studies have shown an interaction between social pain and physical pain, not only in behavioral performance but also in activities within shared neural regions. Accordingly, the present paper reviews: (1) the interaction between social pain and physical pain in individuals’ behavioral performances; and (2) the overlap in neural circuitry as regards the processing of social pain and physical pain. Understanding the relationship between social pain and physical pain might provide new insights into the nature of these two types of pain, and thus may further contribute to the treatment of illnesses associated with both types of painful experience.
{"title":"Interaction between social pain and physical pain","authors":"Ming Zhang, Yuqi Zhang, Y. Kong","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2019.9050023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050023","url":null,"abstract":"People often experience two types of pain: social pain and physical pain. The former is related to psychological distance from other people or social groups, whereas the latter is associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Social pain caused by interpersonal interactions causes negative feelings in individuals and has negative consequences to the same degree as physical pain. Various studies have shown an interaction between social pain and physical pain, not only in behavioral performance but also in activities within shared neural regions. Accordingly, the present paper reviews: (1) the interaction between social pain and physical pain in individuals’ behavioral performances; and (2) the overlap in neural circuitry as regards the processing of social pain and physical pain. Understanding the relationship between social pain and physical pain might provide new insights into the nature of these two types of pain, and thus may further contribute to the treatment of illnesses associated with both types of painful experience.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44784233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2019.9050024
Q. Su, Yingchao Song, Rui Zhao, M. Liang
Developing an objective biomarker for pain assessment is crucial for understanding neural coding mechanisms of pain in the human brain as well as for effective treatment of pain disorders. Neuroimaging techniques have been proven to be powerful tools in the ongoing quest for a pain signature in the human brain. Although there is still a long way to go before achieving a truly successful pain signature based on neuroimaging techniques, important progresses have been made through great efforts in the last two decades by the Pain Society. Here, we focus on neural responses to transient painful stimuli in healthy people, and review the relevant studies on the identification of a neuroimaging signature for pain.
{"title":"A review on the ongoing quest for a pain signature in the human brain","authors":"Q. Su, Yingchao Song, Rui Zhao, M. Liang","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2019.9050024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050024","url":null,"abstract":"Developing an objective biomarker for pain assessment is crucial for understanding neural coding mechanisms of pain in the human brain as well as for effective treatment of pain disorders. Neuroimaging techniques have been proven to be powerful tools in the ongoing quest for a pain signature in the human brain. Although there is still a long way to go before achieving a truly successful pain signature based on neuroimaging techniques, important progresses have been made through great efforts in the last two decades by the Pain Society. Here, we focus on neural responses to transient painful stimuli in healthy people, and review the relevant studies on the identification of a neuroimaging signature for pain.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46347870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2019.9050020
Ruolei Gu, Jie Liu, Fang Cui
This paper focuses on the social function of painful experience as revealed by recent studies on social decision-making. Observing others suffering from physical pain evokes empathic reactions that can lead to prosocial behavior (e.g., helping others at a cost to oneself), which might be regarded as the social value of pain derived from evolution. Feelings of guilt may also be elicited when one takes responsibility for another’s pain. These social emotions play a significant role in various cognitive processes and may affect behavioral preferences. In addition, the influence of others’ pain on decision-making is highly sensitive to social context. Combining neuroimaging techniques with a novel decision paradigm, we found that when asking participants to trade-off personal benefits against providing help to other people, verbally describing the causal relationship between their decision and other people’s pain (i.e., framing) significantly changed participants’ preferences. This social framing effect was associated with neural activation in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), which is a brain area that is important in social cognition and in social emotions. Further, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on this region successfully modulated the magnitude of the social framing effect. These findings add to the knowledge about the role of perception of others’ pain in our social life.
{"title":"Pain and social decision-making: New insights from the social framing effect","authors":"Ruolei Gu, Jie Liu, Fang Cui","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2019.9050020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the social function of painful experience as revealed by recent studies on social decision-making. Observing others suffering from physical pain evokes empathic reactions that can lead to prosocial behavior (e.g., helping others at a cost to oneself), which might be regarded as the social value of pain derived from evolution. Feelings of guilt may also be elicited when one takes responsibility for another’s pain. These social emotions play a significant role in various cognitive processes and may affect behavioral preferences. In addition, the influence of others’ pain on decision-making is highly sensitive to social context. Combining neuroimaging techniques with a novel decision paradigm, we found that when asking participants to trade-off personal benefits against providing help to other people, verbally describing the causal relationship between their decision and other people’s pain (i.e., framing) significantly changed participants’ preferences. This social framing effect was associated with neural activation in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), which is a brain area that is important in social cognition and in social emotions. Further, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on this region successfully modulated the magnitude of the social framing effect. These findings add to the knowledge about the role of perception of others’ pain in our social life.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41293779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2019.9050025
Tahmineh Mokhtari, Y. Tu, Li Hu
Increases in depressive behaviors have been reported in patients experiencing chronic pain. In these patients, the symptoms of pain and depression commonly coexist, impairing their lives and challenging effective treatment. The hippocampus may play a role in both chronic pain and depression. A reduction in the volume of the hippocampus is related to reduced neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in cases of chronic pain and depression. Moreover, an increase of proinflammatory factors and a reduction of neurotrophic factors have been reported to modulate the hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in chronic pain and depression. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying the depressive-like behavior accompanying chronic pain, emphasizing the structural and functional changes in the hippocampus. We also discuss the hypothesis that pro-inflammatory factors and neurotrophic factors expressed in the hippocampus may serve as a therapeutic target for comorbid chronic pain and depression.
{"title":"Involvement of the hippocampus in chronic pain and depression","authors":"Tahmineh Mokhtari, Y. Tu, Li Hu","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2019.9050025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050025","url":null,"abstract":"Increases in depressive behaviors have been reported in patients experiencing chronic pain. In these patients, the symptoms of pain and depression commonly coexist, impairing their lives and challenging effective treatment. The hippocampus may play a role in both chronic pain and depression. A reduction in the volume of the hippocampus is related to reduced neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in cases of chronic pain and depression. Moreover, an increase of proinflammatory factors and a reduction of neurotrophic factors have been reported to modulate the hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in chronic pain and depression. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying the depressive-like behavior accompanying chronic pain, emphasizing the structural and functional changes in the hippocampus. We also discuss the hypothesis that pro-inflammatory factors and neurotrophic factors expressed in the hippocampus may serve as a therapeutic target for comorbid chronic pain and depression.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42354048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2019.9050021
K. V. von Deneen, Ling Zhao, Jixin Liu
Migraine is a difficult disorder to identify with regard to its pathophysiological mechanisms, and its treatment has been primarily difficult owing to interindividual differences. Substantial rates of nonresponsiveness to medications are common, making migraine treatment complicated. In this review, we systematically analyzed recent studies concerning neuroimaging findings regarding the neurophysiology of migraine. We linked the current imaging research with anecdotal evidence from interindividual factors such as duration and pain intensity of migraine, age, gender, hormonal interplay, and genetics. These factors suggested the use of nonpharmacological therapies such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and placebo therapy for the treatment of migraine. Finally, we discussed how interindividual differences are related to such nondrug treatments.
{"title":"Individual differences of maladaptive brain changes in migraine and their relationship with differential effectiveness of treatments","authors":"K. V. von Deneen, Ling Zhao, Jixin Liu","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2019.9050021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050021","url":null,"abstract":"Migraine is a difficult disorder to identify with regard to its pathophysiological mechanisms, and its treatment has been primarily difficult owing to interindividual differences. Substantial rates of nonresponsiveness to medications are common, making migraine treatment complicated. In this review, we systematically analyzed recent studies concerning neuroimaging findings regarding the neurophysiology of migraine. We linked the current imaging research with anecdotal evidence from interindividual factors such as duration and pain intensity of migraine, age, gender, hormonal interplay, and genetics. These factors suggested the use of nonpharmacological therapies such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and placebo therapy for the treatment of migraine. Finally, we discussed how interindividual differences are related to such nondrug treatments.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45673622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2019.9050014
H. Nie, Yang Hu, Zhouping Tang
Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that directly compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure devices have not been conducted. Thus, we performed a network meta-analysis to identify the efficacy and safety of occluder devices. Methods: From 1st January, 2000 to 1st May, 2018, we searched Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library for RCTs about percutaneous closure devices (such as STARFlex, GORE, and Amplatzer) and medical therapy for cryptogenic cerebral ischemic patients with PFO. The occurrence rate of recurrent stroke, atrial fibrillation (AF), major vascular complication (MVC), headache, transient ischemic attack, and bleeding were compared with the frequentist and Bayesian methods using R statistics. Results: We included 3747 patients from six RCTs. The GORE and Amplatzer occluders were found to be significantly associated with a decreased risk of recurrent stroke [relative risk (RR): 0.37 and 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17–0.81, 0.29–0.83, respectively]. Moreover, STARFlex was correlated to an increased risk of postoperative AF and MVCs (RR: 11.66 and 7.63; 95% CI: 4.87–21.91, 2.34–24.88). Conclusions: Among the three devices, the GORE and Amplatzer occluders are found to be the most effective in preventing secondary stroke in patients with PFO. Meanwhile, STARFlex is the least recommended device because it cannot decrease the risk of recurrent stroke and is the most likely to cause adverse events.
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure devices for recurrent stroke: A systemic review and network metaanalysis","authors":"H. Nie, Yang Hu, Zhouping Tang","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2019.9050014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that directly compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure devices have not been conducted. Thus, we performed a network meta-analysis to identify the efficacy and safety of occluder devices. Methods: From 1st January, 2000 to 1st May, 2018, we searched Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library for RCTs about percutaneous closure devices (such as STARFlex, GORE, and Amplatzer) and medical therapy for cryptogenic cerebral ischemic patients with PFO. The occurrence rate of recurrent stroke, atrial fibrillation (AF), major vascular complication (MVC), headache, transient ischemic attack, and bleeding were compared with the frequentist and Bayesian methods using R statistics. Results: We included 3747 patients from six RCTs. The GORE and Amplatzer occluders were found to be significantly associated with a decreased risk of recurrent stroke [relative risk (RR): 0.37 and 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17–0.81, 0.29–0.83, respectively]. Moreover, STARFlex was correlated to an increased risk of postoperative AF and MVCs (RR: 11.66 and 7.63; 95% CI: 4.87–21.91, 2.34–24.88). Conclusions: Among the three devices, the GORE and Amplatzer occluders are found to be the most effective in preventing secondary stroke in patients with PFO. Meanwhile, STARFlex is the least recommended device because it cannot decrease the risk of recurrent stroke and is the most likely to cause adverse events.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42800280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2019.9050018
Qian Gao, Juan Sheng, Song Qin, Luoying Zhang
Affective disorders are often accompanied by circadian rhythm disruption and the major symptoms of mental illness occur in a rhythmic manner. Chronotype, also known as circadian preference for rest or activity, is believed to exert a substantial influence on mental health. Here, we review the connection between chronotypes and affective disorders, and discuss the potential underlying mechanisms between these two phenomena.
{"title":"Chronotypes and affective disorders: A clock for mood?","authors":"Qian Gao, Juan Sheng, Song Qin, Luoying Zhang","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2019.9050018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050018","url":null,"abstract":"Affective disorders are often accompanied by circadian rhythm disruption and the major symptoms of mental illness occur in a rhythmic manner. Chronotype, also known as circadian preference for rest or activity, is believed to exert a substantial influence on mental health. Here, we review the connection between chronotypes and affective disorders, and discuss the potential underlying mechanisms between these two phenomena.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44507883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2019.9050007
Chaoqun Lin, Lukui Chen
Objective: Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) in combination with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can clearly show the specific relationship between brain tumors and motor pathways. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of this combination in surgery for brain tumors involving motor pathways. Methods: From September 2018 to March 2019, preoperative BOLD-fMRI and DTI examinations were performed in patients with brain tumors involving motor pathways who were being treated in a neurosurgery department. The patients were divided into two groups according to the combined examination results. In one group, the motor pathways were intact; in the other, motor pathways were infiltrated by tumors. The surgical plan was total resection of the tumor as far as possible and with no damage to the motor pathway. The preoperative and postoperative motor dysfunction and the rate of total resection in the two groups were compared. Results: Of the 20 patients with intact motor pathways, 15 had normal preoperative motor function, and 5 had preoperative motor dysfunction; of those 5 patients, 3 exhibited postoperative aggravation of motor dysfunction. Total excision was performed in 16 patients with intact motor pathways and incomplete excision in 4. Of the 22 patients with motor pathway infiltration, 8 had normal preoperative motor function and 14 had preoperative motor dysfunction; of those 14, 10 exhibited a postoperative increase in motor dysfunction. Total excision was performed in 8 patients with infiltrated motor pathways and incomplete excision in 14. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in preoperative motor function, postoperative changes in motor function, and total surgical resection rate (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: First, whether tumors invade the motor pathway is an important factor affecting the degree of preoperative motor dysfunction. Second, the risk for postoperative motor dysfunction was lower in patients with intact motor pathways than in patients with infiltrated motor pathways. Third, the rate of total tumor resection was higher in patients with intact motor pathways than in patients with infiltrated motor pathways. Last, the combination of BOLD-fMRI and DTI aided in the decision to perform total resection.
{"title":"The role of blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) combined with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in surgery for tumors involving motor pathways","authors":"Chaoqun Lin, Lukui Chen","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2019.9050007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2019.9050007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) in combination with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can clearly show the specific relationship between brain tumors and motor pathways. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of this combination in surgery for brain tumors involving motor pathways. Methods: From September 2018 to March 2019, preoperative BOLD-fMRI and DTI examinations were performed in patients with brain tumors involving motor pathways who were being treated in a neurosurgery department. The patients were divided into two groups according to the combined examination results. In one group, the motor pathways were intact; in the other, motor pathways were infiltrated by tumors. The surgical plan was total resection of the tumor as far as possible and with no damage to the motor pathway. The preoperative and postoperative motor dysfunction and the rate of total resection in the two groups were compared. Results: Of the 20 patients with intact motor pathways, 15 had normal preoperative motor function, and 5 had preoperative motor dysfunction; of those 5 patients, 3 exhibited postoperative aggravation of motor dysfunction. Total excision was performed in 16 patients with intact motor pathways and incomplete excision in 4. Of the 22 patients with motor pathway infiltration, 8 had normal preoperative motor function and 14 had preoperative motor dysfunction; of those 14, 10 exhibited a postoperative increase in motor dysfunction. Total excision was performed in 8 patients with infiltrated motor pathways and incomplete excision in 14. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in preoperative motor function, postoperative changes in motor function, and total surgical resection rate (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: First, whether tumors invade the motor pathway is an important factor affecting the degree of preoperative motor dysfunction. Second, the risk for postoperative motor dysfunction was lower in patients with intact motor pathways than in patients with infiltrated motor pathways. Third, the rate of total tumor resection was higher in patients with intact motor pathways than in patients with infiltrated motor pathways. Last, the combination of BOLD-fMRI and DTI aided in the decision to perform total resection.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47660469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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