Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2021.9050010
Qing Cai, Mengya Li, Qifang Li
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a worldwide problem with no effective treatment. Patients usually die of respiratory failure. The basic pathological process of ALS is the degeneration and necrosis of motor neurons. Neuroglial cell dysfunction is considered closely related to the development of ALS. Sleep plays an important role in repairing the nervous system, and sleep disorders can worsen ALS. Herein, we review the pathogenesis of ALS and the neuroprotective mechanism of sleep‐based therapy. Sleep‐based therapy could be a potential strategy to treat ALS.
{"title":"Sleep‐based therapy: A new treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"Qing Cai, Mengya Li, Qifang Li","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2021.9050010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2021.9050010","url":null,"abstract":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a worldwide problem with no effective treatment. Patients usually die of respiratory failure. The basic pathological process of ALS is the degeneration and necrosis of motor neurons. Neuroglial cell dysfunction is considered closely related to the development of ALS. Sleep plays an important role in repairing the nervous system, and sleep disorders can worsen ALS. Herein, we review the pathogenesis of ALS and the neuroprotective mechanism of sleep‐based therapy. Sleep‐based therapy could be a potential strategy to treat ALS.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49140126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2021.9050014
Chao He, Ling He, Lin Chen, Wei Wang
Shortly after its outbreak, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has very rapidly spread to become a global epidemic. Early clinical findings mainly included typical symptoms such as fever and cough with a very high transmission rate. Recent findings have demonstrated neurological manifestations of atypical symptoms, which is associated with poor prognosis. In this paper, we describe the neurological aspects of COVID‐19 pneumonia in terms of relevant neurons, virus‐associated receptors, and olfactory and neurological clinical manifestations and offer insights on treatment.
{"title":"Advances in the study of nervous system infections in COVID‐19","authors":"Chao He, Ling He, Lin Chen, Wei Wang","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2021.9050014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2021.9050014","url":null,"abstract":"Shortly after its outbreak, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has very rapidly spread to become a global epidemic. Early clinical findings mainly included typical symptoms such as fever and cough with a very high transmission rate. Recent findings have demonstrated neurological manifestations of atypical symptoms, which is associated with poor prognosis. In this paper, we describe the neurological aspects of COVID‐19 pneumonia in terms of relevant neurons, virus‐associated receptors, and olfactory and neurological clinical manifestations and offer insights on treatment.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49427167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2021.9050012
K. V. von Deneen
Researchers emphasized acute lacunar stroke (ALS) patients suffer from poor social/physical outcomes, cognitive decline, and decreased quality of life. We hypothesized brain abnormalities may occur in ALS during this particular stage and may be associated with cognitive deficits upon evaluation. We investigated structural abnormalities in ALS using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry conducted on 28 healthy controls (HC) and 29 patients with ALS and proximal anterior circulation occlusion within 12 hours of symptom onset. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were used to evaluate cognitive dysfunction. Decreased gray matter (GM) in ALS vs. HC was predominantly in the superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, insula, superior temporal gyrus (STG), heschl gyrus, middle temporal gyrus (MTG), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), hippocampus (HIP), and others. Positive correlation was found between GM density and MMSE scores in STG (r = 0.59, p = 0.0007), MTG (r = 0.46, p = 0.01), PCC (r = 0.42, p = 0.02), HIP (r = 0.4, p = 0.03), and medial prefrontal cortex (r = 0.5, p = 0.005). This study provided further information on pathophysiological/morphological mechanisms related to cognitive impairment in ALS and is the basis for further studies in aging-related diseases.
{"title":"Correlations between cognitive function and gray matter alterations in patients with acute lacunar stroke","authors":"K. V. von Deneen","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2021.9050012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2021.9050012","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers emphasized acute lacunar stroke (ALS) patients suffer from poor social/physical outcomes, cognitive decline, and decreased quality of life. We hypothesized brain abnormalities may occur in ALS during this particular stage and may be associated with cognitive deficits upon evaluation. We investigated structural abnormalities in ALS using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry conducted on 28 healthy controls (HC) and 29 patients with ALS and proximal anterior circulation occlusion within 12 hours of symptom onset. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were used to evaluate cognitive dysfunction. Decreased gray matter (GM) in ALS vs. HC was predominantly in the superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, insula, superior temporal gyrus (STG), heschl gyrus, middle temporal gyrus (MTG), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), hippocampus (HIP), and others. Positive correlation was found between GM density and MMSE scores in STG (r = 0.59, p = 0.0007), MTG (r = 0.46, p = 0.01), PCC (r = 0.42, p = 0.02), HIP (r = 0.4, p = 0.03), and medial prefrontal cortex (r = 0.5, p = 0.005). This study provided further information on pathophysiological/morphological mechanisms related to cognitive impairment in ALS and is the basis for further studies in aging-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49657526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2021.9050017
Jixin Liu, Y. Tu, Li Hu
Neuroimaging is a branch of medical imaging that has been widely used to probe the function and anatomy of the brain noninvasively. This technique has deepened our understandings of how the brain works and has become a valuable tool for diagnosing disease and assessing brain health. Furthermore, recent advances in analytical approaches and experimental settings have facilitated the development of neuroimagingbased clinical tools for various brain disorders. For this reason, this special issue aims to provide a collection of papers discussing the conceptual and methodological innovations and clinical applications of neuroimaging techniques. The special session has included five papers contributed by experts who have been studying brain disorders using neuroimaging techniques for many years. Bi and her colleague focused on neuroimaging technique as a diagnostic tool for relapse during quit attempts in smoking abstinence. They highlighted the advances made with functional and structural neuroimaging techniques in studying neural mechanisms of smoking abstinence. This study also provided a method to identify smokers with heightened relapse vulner ability prior to quitting attempts. It may help researchers develop effective smoking cessation treatments, thus providing promising strategies for improving the success of quit attempts. Next, based on the experimental models and different neuroimaging techniques, this special issue presented two papers concerning the applications of neuroimaging techniques in investigating the central mechanisms of acupuncture. Cao et al. integrated meta-analysis, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and structural MRI (sMRI) to identify potential target regions of scalp acupuncture/neuromodulation for anxiety, which may be useful to provide a neuroimaging-based scalp acupuncture map for accurate stimulation. Yang et al. investigated the acute effects of acupuncture on intracranial vessels and blood flow in patients with Parkinson's disease using magnetic resonance angiography. They found that acupuncture had a tendency to increase the total volume of the intracranial internal carotid artery and the volume of the middle cerebral artery. These two papers provided neuroimaging evidence for the clinical treatment of acupuncture. Moreover, neuroimaging technique has been used to detect cognitive decline, although the underlying disease etiology remains unclear. The following two studies tracked the changes in brain function and structure in patients with
{"title":"Neuroimaging-based clinical tools for brain disorders","authors":"Jixin Liu, Y. Tu, Li Hu","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2021.9050017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2021.9050017","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroimaging is a branch of medical imaging that has been widely used to probe the function and anatomy of the brain noninvasively. This technique has deepened our understandings of how the brain works and has become a valuable tool for diagnosing disease and assessing brain health. Furthermore, recent advances in analytical approaches and experimental settings have facilitated the development of neuroimagingbased clinical tools for various brain disorders. For this reason, this special issue aims to provide a collection of papers discussing the conceptual and methodological innovations and clinical applications of neuroimaging techniques. The special session has included five papers contributed by experts who have been studying brain disorders using neuroimaging techniques for many years. Bi and her colleague focused on neuroimaging technique as a diagnostic tool for relapse during quit attempts in smoking abstinence. They highlighted the advances made with functional and structural neuroimaging techniques in studying neural mechanisms of smoking abstinence. This study also provided a method to identify smokers with heightened relapse vulner ability prior to quitting attempts. It may help researchers develop effective smoking cessation treatments, thus providing promising strategies for improving the success of quit attempts. Next, based on the experimental models and different neuroimaging techniques, this special issue presented two papers concerning the applications of neuroimaging techniques in investigating the central mechanisms of acupuncture. Cao et al. integrated meta-analysis, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and structural MRI (sMRI) to identify potential target regions of scalp acupuncture/neuromodulation for anxiety, which may be useful to provide a neuroimaging-based scalp acupuncture map for accurate stimulation. Yang et al. investigated the acute effects of acupuncture on intracranial vessels and blood flow in patients with Parkinson's disease using magnetic resonance angiography. They found that acupuncture had a tendency to increase the total volume of the intracranial internal carotid artery and the volume of the middle cerebral artery. These two papers provided neuroimaging evidence for the clinical treatment of acupuncture. Moreover, neuroimaging technique has been used to detect cognitive decline, although the underlying disease etiology remains unclear. The following two studies tracked the changes in brain function and structure in patients with","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47717580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2021.9050015
Yuan Yang, Le He, S. Miao, Rongsong Zhou, Yuqi Zhang, Yu Ma
Background: Acupuncture has become an important alternative clinical treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its efficacy and the underlying mechanisms remain debatable. Using a newly developed magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) method that has higher sensitivity for smaller and distal vessels and a novel tool that can trace vessels and extract vascular features, the immediate effects of acupuncture on intracranial vessels and blood flow in patients with PD as well as correlations with clinical outcomes were quantitatively evaluated. Methods: Fifteen PD patients received acupuncture at the Dazhui and Fengchi acupoint positions. MRA was performed before and after 30 min of treatment. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the length, volume, diameter, and signal intensity of the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were measured. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the motor symptoms and the subjective feelings of discomfort. Results: Acupuncture significantly reduced UPDRS-III and VAS scores. No significant changes were noted in the overall CBF before and after treatment. However, there was a significant extension effect on the length of the intracranial ICA and MCA and the distal MCA, and a significant increase in the number of branches of the MCA was found. Although acupuncture tended to increase the total volume of the intracranial ICA and the volume of the MCA, no statistical significance was reached. The total intensity was not altered, but the intensity and diameter of the M1 segment were significantly increased, whereas the intensity of the MCA was decreased. A positive correlation between M1 intensity changes and UPDRS-III changes was found. Conclusions: Angiographic evaluation suggested that acupuncture had a significant effect on intracranial blood vessels, which is one possible mechanism for acupuncture improving the motor symptoms of PD.
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of cerebrovascular characteristics of Parkinson’s disease treated with acupuncture based on magnetic resonance angiography","authors":"Yuan Yang, Le He, S. Miao, Rongsong Zhou, Yuqi Zhang, Yu Ma","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2021.9050015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2021.9050015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acupuncture has become an important alternative clinical treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its efficacy and the underlying mechanisms remain debatable. Using a newly developed magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) method that has higher sensitivity for smaller and distal vessels and a novel tool that can trace vessels and extract vascular features, the immediate effects of acupuncture on intracranial vessels and blood flow in patients with PD as well as correlations with clinical outcomes were quantitatively evaluated. Methods: Fifteen PD patients received acupuncture at the Dazhui and Fengchi acupoint positions. MRA was performed before and after 30 min of treatment. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the length, volume, diameter, and signal intensity of the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were measured. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the motor symptoms and the subjective feelings of discomfort. Results: Acupuncture significantly reduced UPDRS-III and VAS scores. No significant changes were noted in the overall CBF before and after treatment. However, there was a significant extension effect on the length of the intracranial ICA and MCA and the distal MCA, and a significant increase in the number of branches of the MCA was found. Although acupuncture tended to increase the total volume of the intracranial ICA and the volume of the MCA, no statistical significance was reached. The total intensity was not altered, but the intensity and diameter of the M1 segment were significantly increased, whereas the intensity of the MCA was decreased. A positive correlation between M1 intensity changes and UPDRS-III changes was found. Conclusions: Angiographic evaluation suggested that acupuncture had a significant effect on intracranial blood vessels, which is one possible mechanism for acupuncture improving the motor symptoms of PD.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43574128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2021.9050016
Yanzhi Bi, Li Hu
Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although a number of smokers are aware of the adverse outcomes of smoking and express a strong desire to stop smoking, most smoking quit attempts end in relapse within the first few days of abstinence, primarily resulting from the aversive aspects of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Therefore, studying the neural mechanisms of smoking abstinence, identifying smokers with heightened relapse vulnerability prior to quit attempts, and developing effective smoking cessation treatments appear to be promising strategies for improving the success of quit attempts. In recent years, with the development of magnetic resonance imaging, the neural substrates of smoking abstinence have become extensively studied. In this review, we first introduce the psychophysiological changes induced by smoking abstinence, including affective, cognitive, and somatic signs. We then provide an overview of the magnetic resonance imaging-based evidence regarding abstinence-related functional changes accompanied by these psychophysiological changes. We conclude with a discussion of the neural markers that could predict relapse during quit attempts and a summary of the psychophysiological interventions that are currently often used to help with smoking cessation. This review extends our understanding of the role of the central nervous system in smoking abstinence.
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging for smoking abstinence: symptoms, mechanisms, and interventions","authors":"Yanzhi Bi, Li Hu","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2021.9050016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2021.9050016","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although a number of smokers are aware of the adverse outcomes of smoking and express a strong desire to stop smoking, most smoking quit attempts end in relapse within the first few days of abstinence, primarily resulting from the aversive aspects of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Therefore, studying the neural mechanisms of smoking abstinence, identifying smokers with heightened relapse vulnerability prior to quit attempts, and developing effective smoking cessation treatments appear to be promising strategies for improving the success of quit attempts. In recent years, with the development of magnetic resonance imaging, the neural substrates of smoking abstinence have become extensively studied. In this review, we first introduce the psychophysiological changes induced by smoking abstinence, including affective, cognitive, and somatic signs. We then provide an overview of the magnetic resonance imaging-based evidence regarding abstinence-related functional changes accompanied by these psychophysiological changes. We conclude with a discussion of the neural markers that could predict relapse during quit attempts and a summary of the psychophysiological interventions that are currently often used to help with smoking cessation. This review extends our understanding of the role of the central nervous system in smoking abstinence.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47404493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2021.9050011
Jin Cao, Yiting Huang, Sierra Hodges, Nathaniel Meshberg, Jian Kong
Anxiety is a common psychiatric symptom with unsatisfactory treatment. Scalp acupuncture is a new type of acupuncture based on the functions of different brain regions. However, recent brain neuroimaging findings have not been well-integrated into scalp acupuncture practice and research since it was developed. In parallel, recently developed brain stimulation methods have also been applied to treat anxiety. In this study, we integrated meta-analysis (using Neurosynth), resting-state functional connectivity, and diffusion tensor imaging (using the amygdala as the region of interest) to identify potential locations of scalp acupuncture/neuromodulation for anxiety. We found that the superior/middle frontal gyrus, middle/superior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, supplementary motor area, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, and superior/inferior occipital gyrus are involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety, and, thus, may be used as the target areas of scalp stimulation for alleviating anxiety. Integrating multidisciplinary brain methods to identify key surface cortical areas associated with a certain disorder may shed light on the development of scalp acupuncture/neuromodulation, particularly in the domain of identifying stimulation locations.
{"title":"Identify potential neuroimaging-based scalp acupuncture and neuromodulation targets for anxiety","authors":"Jin Cao, Yiting Huang, Sierra Hodges, Nathaniel Meshberg, Jian Kong","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2021.9050011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2021.9050011","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety is a common psychiatric symptom with unsatisfactory treatment. Scalp acupuncture is a new type of acupuncture based on the functions of different brain regions. However, recent brain neuroimaging findings have not been well-integrated into scalp acupuncture practice and research since it was developed. In parallel, recently developed brain stimulation methods have also been applied to treat anxiety. In this study, we integrated meta-analysis (using Neurosynth), resting-state functional connectivity, and diffusion tensor imaging (using the amygdala as the region of interest) to identify potential locations of scalp acupuncture/neuromodulation for anxiety. We found that the superior/middle frontal gyrus, middle/superior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, supplementary motor area, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, and superior/inferior occipital gyrus are involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety, and, thus, may be used as the target areas of scalp stimulation for alleviating anxiety. Integrating multidisciplinary brain methods to identify key surface cortical areas associated with a certain disorder may shed light on the development of scalp acupuncture/neuromodulation, particularly in the domain of identifying stimulation locations.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47504844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2021.9050013
Shurui Xu, Qianqian Sun, Ming Li, Jia Luo, Guiyan Cai, R. Chen, Lin Zhang, Jiao Liu
Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between education level, memory function, and hippocampus functional and structural alterations in subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Methods: Seventy-five participants with SCD were divided into high education (HE) and low education (LE) level groups. A Wechsler Memory Scale–Chinese Revision test and functional and structural MRI were performed within 1 week after participant recruitment. The bilateral hippocampus resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), gray matter volume (GMV) of brain regions identified by rsFC analysis, and moderating and mediating effects were assessed. Results: Compared with the LE group, HE individuals showed 1) higher memory quotient (MQ) and Digit Span subscore, 2) decreased hippocampal rsFC with the right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and 3) increased GMV in the right mPFC and DLPFC. The bilateral hippocampus–right DLPFC rsFC significantly associated with the MQ and the bilateral hippocampus–right mPFCrsFC with the Digit Span subscore in each group. The bilateral hippocampus–right DLPFC rsFC moderated the relationship between the education level and MQ. The bilateral hippocampus–right mPFC rsFC mediated the relationship between the education level and Digit Span subscore in all subjects. Conclusion: The hippocampal rsFC with the right mPFC and DLPFC contributes to the education level effect on memory function in SCD.
{"title":"Hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity with the mPFC and DLPFC moderates and mediates the association between education level and memory function in subjective cognitive decline","authors":"Shurui Xu, Qianqian Sun, Ming Li, Jia Luo, Guiyan Cai, R. Chen, Lin Zhang, Jiao Liu","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2021.9050013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2021.9050013","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between education level, memory function, and hippocampus functional and structural alterations in subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Methods: Seventy-five participants with SCD were divided into high education (HE) and low education (LE) level groups. A Wechsler Memory Scale–Chinese Revision test and functional and structural MRI were performed within 1 week after participant recruitment. The bilateral hippocampus resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), gray matter volume (GMV) of brain regions identified by rsFC analysis, and moderating and mediating effects were assessed. Results: Compared with the LE group, HE individuals showed 1) higher memory quotient (MQ) and Digit Span subscore, 2) decreased hippocampal rsFC with the right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and 3) increased GMV in the right mPFC and DLPFC. The bilateral hippocampus–right DLPFC rsFC significantly associated with the MQ and the bilateral hippocampus–right mPFCrsFC with the Digit Span subscore in each group. The bilateral hippocampus–right DLPFC rsFC moderated the relationship between the education level and MQ. The bilateral hippocampus–right mPFC rsFC mediated the relationship between the education level and Digit Span subscore in all subjects. Conclusion: The hippocampal rsFC with the right mPFC and DLPFC contributes to the education level effect on memory function in SCD.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48941224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2021.9050003
Lu Pan, Ya-Nan Ou, Lin Tan, L. Tan, Jin-Tai Yu
Objective This study aims to investigate whether the heart fatty acid‐binding protein (HFABP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was a potential predictive biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods We evaluated the associations of CSF HFABP levels with core biomarkers, cognition, and brain structure in a sample population (n = 302) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Multiple linear regression and mixed‐effects models were employed in the analyses. AD progression was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Results CSF HFABP was higher in patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD than the normal controls (p < 0.001) and was particularly higher in those with amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathologic features. CSF HFABP was associated with higher baseline CSF t‐tau (p < 0.001), CSF p‐tau (p < 0.001), and CSF t‐tau/Aβ42 and CSF p‐tau/Aβ42 (p < 0.01). Moreover, CSF HFABP was found to play predictive roles in hippocampal atrophy (p < 0.01), cognitive decline (p < 0.05), and the risk of AD (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that CSF HFABP can be a predictive biomarker of AD.
目的本研究旨在探讨脑脊液(CSF)中心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白(HFABP)是否是阿尔茨海默病(AD)的潜在预测生物标志物。研究人员从阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议(ADNI)数据库中提取样本人群(n = 302)，评估脑脊液HFABP水平与核心生物标志物、认知和大脑结构的关系。分析采用多元线性回归和混合效应模型。使用Kaplan-Meier生存分析评估AD进展。结果轻度认知障碍和AD患者脑脊液HFABP高于正常对照组(p < 0.001)，特别是具有淀粉样蛋白β (Aβ)病理特征的患者脑脊液HFABP较高。脑脊液HFABP与较高的基线脑脊液t - tau (p < 0.001)、脑脊液p - tau (p < 0.001)、脑脊液t - tau/ a - β42和脑脊液p - tau/ a - β42相关(p < 0.01)。此外，脑脊液HFABP在海马萎缩(p < 0.01)、认知能力下降(p < 0.05)和AD风险(p < 0.001)中具有预测作用。结论脑脊液HFABP可作为阿尔茨海默病的一种预测性生物标志物。
{"title":"Cerebrospinal fluid heart fatty acid‐binding protein as a predictive biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Lu Pan, Ya-Nan Ou, Lin Tan, L. Tan, Jin-Tai Yu","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2021.9050003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2021.9050003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective This study aims to investigate whether the heart fatty acid‐binding protein (HFABP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was a potential predictive biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods We evaluated the associations of CSF HFABP levels with core biomarkers, cognition, and brain structure in a sample population (n = 302) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Multiple linear regression and mixed‐effects models were employed in the analyses. AD progression was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Results CSF HFABP was higher in patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD than the normal controls (p < 0.001) and was particularly higher in those with amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathologic features. CSF HFABP was associated with higher baseline CSF t‐tau (p < 0.001), CSF p‐tau (p < 0.001), and CSF t‐tau/Aβ42 and CSF p‐tau/Aβ42 (p < 0.01). Moreover, CSF HFABP was found to play predictive roles in hippocampal atrophy (p < 0.01), cognitive decline (p < 0.05), and the risk of AD (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that CSF HFABP can be a predictive biomarker of AD.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43723636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To date, only a few cases of intracranial infection related to severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) were reported. Here we describe a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) that was comorbid with purulent meningitis. A 62‐year‐old male patient was diagnosed with moderate COVID‐19 and had no fever or cough after treatment. However, he suffered from a head injury and experienced headache and fever immediately after the accident. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain showed bilateral frontal lobe contusion, subdural hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the following days, the patient suffered from recurrent fever, although chest CT did not show evidence of worsening of infection. Several lumbar punctures were made, confirming increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and karyocyte count. SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid was not detected in CSF but revealed the presence of Escherichia coli. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with purulent meningitis, presumably caused by brain trauma or the immunologic dysfunction caused by COVID‐19, which was supported by the significant reduction of all kinds of immune cells. Since immunologic dysfunction is commonly presented in COVID‐19 patients, comorbidity with meningitis should be considered when a COVID‐19 patient presents with headache and fever. Lumbar punctures and CSF cultures may help in the diagnosis.
{"title":"Comorbidity of purulent meningitis with COVID‐19: A case report","authors":"Ping Zhang, Chao Pan, Jiahui Wang, Yang Ma, Huaqiu Zhang, Zhouping Tang","doi":"10.26599/BSA.2021.9050006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2021.9050006","url":null,"abstract":"To date, only a few cases of intracranial infection related to severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) were reported. Here we describe a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) that was comorbid with purulent meningitis. A 62‐year‐old male patient was diagnosed with moderate COVID‐19 and had no fever or cough after treatment. However, he suffered from a head injury and experienced headache and fever immediately after the accident. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain showed bilateral frontal lobe contusion, subdural hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the following days, the patient suffered from recurrent fever, although chest CT did not show evidence of worsening of infection. Several lumbar punctures were made, confirming increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and karyocyte count. SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid was not detected in CSF but revealed the presence of Escherichia coli. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with purulent meningitis, presumably caused by brain trauma or the immunologic dysfunction caused by COVID‐19, which was supported by the significant reduction of all kinds of immune cells. Since immunologic dysfunction is commonly presented in COVID‐19 patients, comorbidity with meningitis should be considered when a COVID‐19 patient presents with headache and fever. Lumbar punctures and CSF cultures may help in the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":67062,"journal":{"name":"Brain Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44113796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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