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2019 European Space Power Conference (ESPC)最新文献

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Four-Junction Wafer Bonded Solar Cells for Space Applications 空间应用的四结晶圆键合太阳能电池
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/ESPC47532.2019.9049265
G. Siefer, Paul Beutel, D. Lackner, E. Oliva, F. Predan, M. Schachtner, F. Dimroth, O. Ledoux, E. Guiot
Concentrator solar cells with efficiencies up to 46.1 % have been developed in a collaboration between Fraunhofer ISE, SOITEC and CEA-LETI using a fourjunction cell structure of GaInP/(Al)GaAs//GaInAsP/GaInAs joint by wafer bonding. The bottom tandem cell is based on the InP lattice constant, whereas the top tandem is realized on GaAs. In this paper we report on the potential of this cell architecture for space applications. Therefore, several solar cell wafers with adapted subcell bandgap energy and thickness were processed and characterized, measuring begin-of-life efficiencies up to 35.2 % under AM0 spectral conditions.
夫琅和费ISE, SOITEC和CEA-LETI合作开发了效率高达46.1%的聚光太阳能电池,采用晶圆键合的GaInP/(Al)GaAs//GaInAsP/GaInAs四结电池结构。底部串联电池是基于InP晶格常数,而顶部串联电池是在砷化镓上实现的。在本文中,我们报告了这种细胞结构在空间应用中的潜力。因此,对几种具有适应亚电池带隙能量和厚度的太阳能电池晶圆进行了加工和表征,在AM0光谱条件下测量了高达35.2%的寿命开始效率。
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引用次数: 2
Narrow Bandgap Dilute Nitride Materials for 6-junction Space Solar Cells 用于6结空间太阳能电池的窄带隙稀氮化材料
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/ESPC47532.2019.9049263
R. Isoaho, A. Aho, A. Tukiainen, T. Aho, M. Raappana, T. Salminen, Jarno Reuna, M. Guina
Narrow bandgap p-i-n dilute nitride GaInNAsSb junctions, for use as bottom cell in 6-junction solar cells, are reported. In particular, we demonstrate a high optical quality for GaInNAsSb junction with a bandgap ~0.78 eV, corresponding to a N content of 6.2%. Under AM0 illumination, such cell exhibits a photocurrent of 36.6 mA/cm2. By extracting the parameters of the experimental cell, we estimate the the AM0 efficiency of a 6-junction multijunction solar cell employing the GaInNAsSb junction, to attain a value of 33%. Further improvements are discussed towards achieving the full potential of the 6-junction design.
报道了窄带隙p-i-n稀氮化物GaInNAsSb结,用于6结太阳能电池的底部电池。特别是,我们证明了GaInNAsSb结具有高光学质量,带隙为0.78 eV,对应于N含量为6.2%。在AM0照明下,该电池的光电流为36.6 mA/cm2。通过提取实验电池的参数,我们估计了采用GaInNAsSb结的6结多结太阳能电池的AM0效率,达到33%的值。讨论了进一步的改进,以实现6结设计的全部潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Aerospace 航空航天锂离子电池的退化
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/ESPC47532.2019.9049261
Linda J. Bolay, T. Schmitt, O. S. Mendoza-Hernandez, Y. Sone, A. Latz, Birger Horstmann
Lithium-ion batteries are the technology of choice for a broad range of applications due to their performance and long-term stability. The performance and durability of lithiumion batteries is impacted by various degradation mechanisms. These include the growth of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the deposition of metallic lithium on the surface of the negative electrode, referred to as lithium plating. For both processes we develop physically based models. In this contribution we develop a model to describe the performance and lifetime of the batteries of in-orbit satellite REIMEI developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. We extend an existing model for SEI growth and incorporate it into a model for fresh cells. Then we simulate the degradation of batteries under cycling in 1D and 3D. To validate the model, we use experimental and in-flight data of the batteries. We show inhomogeneities in the SEI thickness after cycling.
锂离子电池由于其性能和长期稳定性而成为广泛应用的首选技术。锂离子电池的性能和耐久性受到多种降解机制的影响。这包括固体电解质界面(SEI)的生长和金属锂在负极表面的沉积,称为锂电镀。对于这两个过程,我们都开发了基于物理的模型。在本文中,我们开发了一个模型来描述由日本宇宙航空研究开发机构开发的在轨卫星REIMEI的电池性能和寿命。我们扩展了现有的SEI生长模型,并将其纳入新鲜细胞的模型中。然后在一维和三维模拟了电池在循环下的退化。为了验证该模型,我们使用了电池的实验和飞行数据。我们发现循环后SEI厚度的不均匀性。
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引用次数: 3
Back Reflector with Diffractive Gratings for Light-Trapping in Thin-Film III-V Solar Cells 带衍射光栅的后反射器用于薄膜III-V型太阳能电池的光捕获
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/ESPC47532.2019.9049262
T. Aho, A. Tukiainen, F. Elsehrawy, S. Ranta, M. Raappana, A. Aho, R. Isoaho, F. Cappelluti, M. Guina
We report on the development of light-trapping architectures applied to thin-film solar cells. In particular, we focus on enhancing the absorption at 1-eV spectral range for dilute nitride and quantum dot materials and report on the influence of planar back reflectors on the photovoltaic properties. Moreover, we discuss the properties of polymer diffraction gratings with enhanced light-trapping capability pointing to advantageous properties of pyramidal gratings. In order to understand the suitability of these polymer grating architectures for space applications, we have performed an electron irradiation study (1 MeV) revealing the absence of reflectance changes up to doses of 1×1015 e-/cm2.
我们报告了应用于薄膜太阳能电池的光捕获结构的发展。我们特别关注了稀氮化物和量子点材料在1 ev光谱范围内的吸收增强,并报道了平面背反射器对光伏性能的影响。此外,我们还讨论了具有增强光捕获能力的聚合物衍射光栅的特性,指出了锥体光栅的优点。为了了解这些聚合物光栅结构在空间应用中的适用性,我们进行了一项电子辐照研究(1 MeV),揭示了在1×1015 e-/cm2剂量下没有反射率变化。
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引用次数: 2
Design and Optimization of Radiation-Hardened Isolated Converters for Jovian Environments 木星环境下抗辐射隔离转换器的设计与优化
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/ESPC47532.2019.9049260
A. Amirahmadi, Ansel Barchowsky, C. Stell, Elvis Merida, A. Ulloa-Severino, G. Carr
This paper presents the design and optimization of a class of flexible, high efficiency, multiple output capable, radiation-hardened isolated DC/DC converters for Jovian environments. The proposed converters achieve lower electromagnetic emission, better thermal management and higher efficiency. A new series of radiation-hardened isolated GaN gate driver circuit is proposed for space applications. Experimental results based on two prototype units implemented in the laboratory verify the performance of the proposed isolated converters.
本文介绍了一类适用于木星环境的灵活、高效、多输出、抗辐射隔离型DC/DC变换器的设计与优化。所提出的变换器实现了更低的电磁发射、更好的热管理和更高的效率。提出了一种适用于空间应用的新型抗辐射隔离GaN栅极驱动电路。基于两个样机的实验结果验证了所提出的隔离式变换器的性能。
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引用次数: 1
Overview of the issues related to the use of Radioisotope Power Systems in European space missions 与在欧洲空间任务中使用放射性同位素动力系统有关的问题概述
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/ESPC47532.2019.9049264
Christophe Fongarland, R. Ambrosi, Alessandra Barco, L. Jourdainne, Cédric Lemarié, K. Stephenson, H. Williams
Space nuclear power is the most viable energy source for some space missions, such as the exploration of outer planets or the exploration of a planetary surface with long day/night cycles. Thanks to high energy densities, certain isotopes can generate considerable amounts of heat for long time periods, independently of insolation levels; this heat can be converted into electrical power, or used to keep suitable temperatures inside the spacecraft. However, the presence of radioactive material implies new requirements, to properly manage all the aspects related to safety. A common European safety framework is required for Europe and ESA to independently manage radioisotope power systems: a significant amount of programmatic effort in many domains and by different entities will therefore be required, but the long and wide-ranging experience of other countries in dealing with space nuclear power systems could be an appropriate starting point.
空间核动力是一些空间任务中最可行的能源,例如探索外行星或探索具有长昼夜周期的行星表面。由于能量密度高,某些同位素可以在很长一段时间内产生相当多的热量,而不受日照水平的影响;这些热量可以转化为电能,或者用来保持飞船内部合适的温度。然而,放射性物质的存在意味着新的要求,即妥善管理与安全有关的所有方面。欧洲和欧空局需要一个共同的欧洲安全框架来独立管理放射性同位素动力系统:因此需要在许多领域和由不同实体进行大量的方案努力,但其他国家在处理空间核动力系统方面的长期和广泛的经验可以作为一个适当的起点。
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引用次数: 3
Demonstration of Improved Fuse Clearing Energy when Augmented by Ultra-Fast eFUSE Protection 采用超快速熔丝保护后熔丝清除能量的改进演示
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ESPC.2019.8932007
T. Meade, Owen Watry, J. Colley, Younes Lotfi
This paper presents work performed to evaluate the efficacy of an ultra-fast electrically resettable fuse (eFUSE) controller toward protecting satellite busses and extending the operating life of traditional fuses in the presence of short circuit events. A brief explanation of traditional fuses and the eFUSE controller is provided. The paper walks through the lab test apparatus and stress stimuli used in the study. The lab demonstration explored burnout and resistance increase of very fast-acting metal fuses to steady-state and pulsed short-circuit events with and without augmented protection from an ultra-fast eFUSE controller.
本文介绍了为评估超高速电可复位保险丝(eFUSE)控制器在保护卫星母线和延长传统保险丝在出现短路事件时的使用寿命方面的有效性而进行的工作。简要介绍了传统的熔断器和eFUSE控制器。本文介绍了研究中使用的实验室测试设备和压力刺激。实验室演示探索了在有或没有超快速eFUSE控制器增强保护的情况下,非常快速的金属熔断器对稳态和脉冲短路事件的烧毁和电阻增加。
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引用次数: 1
Average Current Control with Asymmetrical Sawtooth or Peak Current Control 平均电流控制与不对称锯齿或峰值电流控制
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ESPC.2019.8932084
C. Delepaut, H. Carbonnier
Conductance control within SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) is typically implemented relying either on the ACC (Average Current Control) or on the PCC (Peak Current Control) technique. An in-depth analysis of the PCC dynamics has been published in the past, highlighting that such technique responds to a feedback control loop scheme covered by Laplace transfer functions properly modelling the limited switching frequency effects. The present paper consists in the dynamic analysis of ACC based on asymmetrical sawtooth, proceeding by similarity with the PCC analysis. It is shown that these ACC and PCC techniques are described by the same differential equations, hence that they pertain to a unique control technique. The bandwidth and stability margins of that closed-loop control technique are subsequently investigated, demonstrating that ACC has a phase margin larger than 60°, while PCC dynamic performance extends beyond ACC with larger bandwidth frequency at a price of lower phase margin. The paper further stresses the differences between Laplace transfer functions relevant to time-discrete and analogue systems, and why they shall be considered separately. Time simulations are finally reported and specific provisions for proper measurement of stability margins on electronic breadboard are indicated.
SMPS(开关模式电源)中的电导控制通常依靠ACC(平均电流控制)或PCC(峰值电流控制)技术来实现。过去已经发表了对PCC动力学的深入分析,强调这种技术响应由拉普拉斯传递函数覆盖的反馈控制环方案,该方案正确地模拟了有限的开关频率效应。本文是基于非对称锯齿波的ACC动态分析,并与PCC分析相似。结果表明,这些ACC和PCC技术是由相同的微分方程描述的,因此它们属于一种独特的控制技术。随后对该闭环控制技术的带宽和稳定裕度进行了研究,结果表明ACC的相位裕度大于60°,而PCC的动态性能超出ACC,以较低的相位裕度为代价获得更大的带宽频率。本文进一步强调了与时间离散系统和模拟系统相关的拉普拉斯传递函数之间的区别,以及为什么它们应该分开考虑。最后报告了时间模拟,并指出了适当测量电子面包板稳定裕度的具体规定。
{"title":"Average Current Control with Asymmetrical Sawtooth or Peak Current Control","authors":"C. Delepaut, H. Carbonnier","doi":"10.1109/ESPC.2019.8932084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESPC.2019.8932084","url":null,"abstract":"Conductance control within SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) is typically implemented relying either on the ACC (Average Current Control) or on the PCC (Peak Current Control) technique. An in-depth analysis of the PCC dynamics has been published in the past, highlighting that such technique responds to a feedback control loop scheme covered by Laplace transfer functions properly modelling the limited switching frequency effects. The present paper consists in the dynamic analysis of ACC based on asymmetrical sawtooth, proceeding by similarity with the PCC analysis. It is shown that these ACC and PCC techniques are described by the same differential equations, hence that they pertain to a unique control technique. The bandwidth and stability margins of that closed-loop control technique are subsequently investigated, demonstrating that ACC has a phase margin larger than 60°, while PCC dynamic performance extends beyond ACC with larger bandwidth frequency at a price of lower phase margin. The paper further stresses the differences between Laplace transfer functions relevant to time-discrete and analogue systems, and why they shall be considered separately. Time simulations are finally reported and specific provisions for proper measurement of stability margins on electronic breadboard are indicated.","PeriodicalId":6734,"journal":{"name":"2019 European Space Power Conference (ESPC)","volume":"105 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81808339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Improved Power Transformer Performance using Leakage Inductance Shielding 利用漏感屏蔽改善电力变压器性能
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ESPC.2019.8932074
T. Strous, G. Simonelli
This paper presents a novel technique to reduce the leakage inductance in transformers for switch mode power supplies. By introducing the leakage inductance shield, that reduces the leakage flux by means of Eddy current shielding, the leakage inductance is reduced by almost 15 % in a transformer for a 100 W, 100 kHz flyback converter. Analysis showed that this reduction in leakage flux is insufficient to fully mitigate the large voltage spikes and ringing in the circuits, caused by the leakage inductance. However, a small improvement in efficiency of a flyback converter can be achieved. It is concluded that the leakage inductance shield is simple to implement and can effectively decrease transformer leakage inductance, additional benefits to reduced electromagnetic interference can be expected as well, but were not proven in this paper.
提出了一种减小开关电源变压器漏感的新方法。在100w、100khz反激变换器中,通过引入漏电电感屏蔽,通过涡流屏蔽降低漏磁通,使变压器的漏电电感降低了近15%。分析表明,泄漏磁通的减少不足以完全缓解电路中由泄漏电感引起的大电压尖峰和振铃。然而,反激变换器的效率可以有一个小的提高。结果表明,漏感屏蔽结构设计简单,能有效降低变压器的漏感,对减少电磁干扰也有一定的好处,但本文未对其进行验证。
{"title":"Improved Power Transformer Performance using Leakage Inductance Shielding","authors":"T. Strous, G. Simonelli","doi":"10.1109/ESPC.2019.8932074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESPC.2019.8932074","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel technique to reduce the leakage inductance in transformers for switch mode power supplies. By introducing the leakage inductance shield, that reduces the leakage flux by means of Eddy current shielding, the leakage inductance is reduced by almost 15 % in a transformer for a 100 W, 100 kHz flyback converter. Analysis showed that this reduction in leakage flux is insufficient to fully mitigate the large voltage spikes and ringing in the circuits, caused by the leakage inductance. However, a small improvement in efficiency of a flyback converter can be achieved. It is concluded that the leakage inductance shield is simple to implement and can effectively decrease transformer leakage inductance, additional benefits to reduced electromagnetic interference can be expected as well, but were not proven in this paper.","PeriodicalId":6734,"journal":{"name":"2019 European Space Power Conference (ESPC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73388298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Critical technologies for Q-band EPCs q波段epc关键技术
Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ESPC.2019.8932087
Scherb Volker, Nathan Adolf, Blatt Sébastien
This paper presents the results of the study “Critical Technologies for Q-Band EPCs” (contract no. 4000114540/15/NL/US). The objective of the activity was the development and demonstration by hardware of critical technologies and sub-assemblies needed for Q-band EPCs. Evaluation and final tests of the HV module are presented. Some deviations from the standard EPC test results were observed (e.g. voltage ripples, switch on and critical pressure behavior) and will be discussed in the paper.
本文介绍了“q波段epc关键技术”研究的结果。4000114540/15 /问/美国)。该活动的目的是通过硬件开发和演示q波段epc所需的关键技术和子组件。介绍了高压模块的评估和最终试验。我们观察到一些与标准EPC测试结果的偏差(例如电压波动、开关接通和临界压力行为),并将在本文中进行讨论。
{"title":"Critical technologies for Q-band EPCs","authors":"Scherb Volker, Nathan Adolf, Blatt Sébastien","doi":"10.1109/ESPC.2019.8932087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESPC.2019.8932087","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of the study “Critical Technologies for Q-Band EPCs” (contract no. 4000114540/15/NL/US). The objective of the activity was the development and demonstration by hardware of critical technologies and sub-assemblies needed for Q-band EPCs. Evaluation and final tests of the HV module are presented. Some deviations from the standard EPC test results were observed (e.g. voltage ripples, switch on and critical pressure behavior) and will be discussed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":6734,"journal":{"name":"2019 European Space Power Conference (ESPC)","volume":"114 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76098851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
2019 European Space Power Conference (ESPC)
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