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Data credibility evaluation method for formation water in oil and gas fields and its influencing factors 油气田地层水数据可信度评价方法及其影响因素
IF 7 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60572-6
Wei LI, Wuren XIE, Saijun WU, Yanhua SHUAI, Xingzhi MA
The formation water sample in oil and gas fields may be polluted in processes of testing, trial production, collection, storage, transportation and analysis, making the properties of formation water not be reflected truly. This paper discusses identification methods and the data credibility evaluation method for formation water in oil and gas fields of petroliferous basins within China. The results of the study show that: (1) the identification methods of formation water include the basic methods of single factors such as physical characteristics, water composition characteristics, water type characteristics, and characteristic coefficients, as well as the comprehensive evaluation method of data credibility proposed on this basis, which mainly relies on the correlation analysis sodium chloride coefficient (rNa/rCl) and desulfurization coefficient [rSO4×100/(rCl+ rSO4)] and combines geological background evaluation; (2) The basic identifying methods for formation water enable the preliminary identification of hydrochemical data and the preliminary screening of data on site, the proposed comprehensive method realizes the evaluation by classifying the CaCl2-type water into types A-I to A-VI and the NaHCO3-type water into types B-I to B-IV, so that researchers can make in-depth evaluation on the credibility of hydrochemical data and analysis of influencing factors; (3) When the basic methods are used to identify the formation water, the formation water containing anions such as CO32-, OH- and NO3-, or the formation water with the sodium chloride coefficient and desulphurization coefficient not matching the geological setting, are all invaded with surface water or polluted by working fluid; (4) When the comprehensive method is used, the data credibility of A-I, A-II, B-I and B-II formation water can be evaluated effectively and accurately only if the geological setting analysis in respect of the factors such as formation environment, sampling conditions, condensate water, acid fluid, leaching of ancient weathering crust, and ancient atmospheric fresh water, is combined, although such formation water is believed with high credibility.
油气田地层水样在测试、试采、采集、储运、分析等过程中可能受到污染,使地层水的性质不能真实反映。探讨了中国含油气盆地油气田地层水的识别方法和数据可信度评价方法。研究结果表明:(1)地层水识别方法包括物理特征、水成分特征、水类型特征、特征系数等单因素的基本方法,以及在此基础上提出的数据可信度综合评价方法;主要依靠相关性分析氯化钠系数(rNa/rCl)和脱硫系数[rSO4×100/(rCl+ rSO4)],并结合地质背景评价;(2)地层水的基本识别方法能够对水化学数据进行初步识别和现场数据的初步筛选,本文提出的综合方法通过将cacl2型水分类为A-I ~ A-VI型,将nahco3型水分类为B-I ~ B-IV型来实现评价,使研究人员能够对水化学数据的可信度进行深入评价和影响因素分析;(3)采用基本方法识别地层水时,含有CO32-、OH-、NO3-等阴离子的地层水,或氯化钠系数、脱硫系数与地质背景不匹配的地层水均被地表水侵入或被工作流体污染;(4)采用综合评价方法时,只有结合地层环境、取样条件、凝结水、酸性流体、古风化壳淋滤、古大气淡水等因素的地质背景分析,才能有效、准确地评价A-I、A-II、B-I、B-II地层水的数据可信度,虽然认为该地层水具有较高的可信度。
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引用次数: 0
Response of organic matter pore development to functional groups in overmature marine shale: Insights from AFM-IR spectroscopy 过成熟海相页岩有机质孔隙发育对官能团的响应:来自AFM-IR光谱的见解
IF 7 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60578-7
Jianhua ZHAO , Keyu LIU , Shenghui ZHAO , Qinhong HU , Wei WU , Yang CHEN , Guoheng LIU , Junqian LI , Lingjie YU , Zuhui YOU , Ye WANG
Taking the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin as an example, this study employs atomic force microscopy-based infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy to analyze the submicron-scale molecular functional groups of different types and occurrences of organic matter. Combined with the quantitative evaluation of pore development via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the response of organic pore formation and evolution mechanisms to chemical composition and structural evolution of organic matter in overmature marine shale is investigated. The results indicate that the AFM-IR spectra of graptolite periderms and pyrobitumen in shale are dominated by the stretching vibrations of conjugated C=C bonds in aromatic compounds at approximately 1 600 cm-1, with weak absorption peaks near 1 375, 1 450 and 1 720 cm-1, corresponding to aliphatic chains and carbonyl/carboxyl functional groups. Overall, the AFM-IR structural indices (A and C factors) of organic matter show a strong correlation with visible porosity in shales of equivalent maturity. Lower A and C factor values correlate with enhanced development of organic pores, which is associated with the detachment of more aliphatic chains and oxygen-containing functional groups during thermal evolution. Pyrobitumen-clay mineral composites generally exhibit superior pore development, likely attributable to clay mineral dehydration participating in hydrocarbon generation reactions that promote the removal of more functional groups. Additionally, hydrocarbon generation within organic-clay composites during high–over mature stages may induce volumetric expansion, resulting in microfracturing and hydrocarbon expulsion. The associated higher hydrocarbon expulsion rates promote the formation of larger pores and fracture-shaped pores along the flake-shaped clay minerals. This study highlights that the research of submicron-scale molecular functional groups provides a deeper understanding of organic matter evolution and pores development mechanisms in overmature shales, thereby offering critical theoretical parameters for reservoir evaluation in shale oil and gas exploration.
本研究以四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组页岩为例,采用原子力显微镜红外光谱(AFM-IR)技术,对不同有机质类型和产状的亚微米级分子官能团进行了分析。结合扫描电镜(SEM)对孔隙发育的定量评价,研究了过成熟海相页岩有机孔隙形成演化机制对有机质化学组成和结构演化的响应。结果表明,页岩中笔石周皮和焦沥青的AFM-IR光谱以1 600 cm-1附近芳香族化合物共轭C=C键的伸缩振动为主,在1 375、1 450和1 720 cm-1附近有弱吸收峰,对应于脂肪链和羰基/羧基官能团。总体而言,等效成熟度页岩有机质的AFM-IR结构指数(A因子和C因子)与可见孔隙度具有较强的相关性。A、C因子值越低,有机质孔隙发育越明显,与热演化过程中脂肪链和含氧官能团的分离有关。焦沥青-粘土矿物复合材料通常表现出优越的孔隙发育,这可能是由于粘土矿物脱水参与了生烃反应,促进了更多官能团的去除。此外,在高过成熟阶段,有机粘土复合材料中的生烃可能导致体积膨胀,导致微压裂和排烃。较高的排烃速率促进了沿片状粘土矿物形成较大孔隙和裂缝状孔隙。亚微米尺度分子官能团的研究有助于我们对过成熟页岩有机质演化和孔隙发育机制的深入认识,从而为页岩油气勘探储层评价提供重要的理论参数。
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引用次数: 0
Fracture parameter diagnostic method during staged multi-cluster fracturing based on distributed temperature sensing 基于分布式温度传感的分段多簇压裂裂缝参数诊断方法
IF 7 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60582-9
Cao WEI , Haitao LI , Xiaohua ZHU , Nan ZHANG , Hongwen LUO , Kun TU , Shiqing CHENG
The Carter model is used to characterize the dynamic behaviors of fracture growth and fracturing fluid leakoff. A thermo-fluid coupling temperature response forward model is built considering the fluid flow and heat transfer in wellbore, fracture and reservoir. The influences of fracturing parameters and fracture parameters on the responses of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) are analyzed, and a diagnosis method of fracture parameters is presented based on the simulated annealing algorithm. A field case study is introduced to verify the model's reliability. Typical V-shaped characteristics can be observed from the DTS responses in the multi-cluster fracturing process, with locations corresponding to the hydraulic fractures. The V-shape depth is shallower for a higher injection rate and longer fracturing and shut-in time. Also, the V-shape is wider for a higher fracture-surface leakoff coefficient, longer fracturing time and smaller fracture width. Additionally, the cooling effect near the wellbore continues to spread into the reservoir during the shut-in period, causing the DTS temperature to decrease instead of rise. Real-time monitoring and interpretation of DTS temperature data can help understand the fracture propagation during fracturing operation, so that immediate measures can be taken to improve the fracturing performance.
Carter模型用于描述裂缝扩展和压裂液漏出的动态行为。建立了考虑井筒、裂缝和储层流体流动和换热的热-液耦合温度响应正演模型。分析了压裂参数和裂缝参数对分布式温度传感(DTS)响应的影响,提出了一种基于模拟退火算法的裂缝参数诊断方法。通过实例验证了模型的可靠性。在多簇压裂过程中,DTS响应具有典型的v型特征,其位置与水力裂缝相对应。v形深度较浅,注入速率较高,压裂和关井时间较长。此外,v型裂缝越宽,裂缝表面泄漏系数越高,压裂时间越长,裂缝宽度越小。此外,在关井期间,井筒附近的冷却效应继续扩散到储层中,导致DTS温度下降而不是上升。DTS温度数据的实时监测和解释有助于了解压裂作业过程中裂缝的扩展情况,以便及时采取措施提高压裂性能。
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引用次数: 0
Connotation, pathways, and significance of building China into an “energy powerhouse”; 建设“能源强国”的内涵、路径与意义
IF 7 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60584-2
Caineng ZOU , Shixiang LI , Bo XIONG , Zhi YANG , Hanlin LIU , Guosheng ZHANG , Feng MA , Songqi PAN , Chunxiao GUAN , Yingbo LIANG , Boning TANG , Songtao WU , Yin LONG , Ziheng WANG
By summarizing the characteristics of the global energy structure and China's energy resource endowment, this study analyzes the historical context and opportunities for China to build an “energy powerhouse”;, and proposes pathways and measures for its realization. It is indicated that the energy resource endowment in China is characterized by abundant coal, limited oil and gas, and vast renewable potential, coupled with an energy consumption structure characterized by high coal consumption, low oil and gas consumption, and rapidly growing renewable energy use. The “whole-energy system”; approach that integrates multi-energy complementarity, green development, stable supply, smart utilization and carbon neutrality is an effective solution to addressing energy transition and energy independence. To build an “energy powerhouse”;, China can follow the approach of the steady and orderly low-carbon development of fossil fuels, the safe and scaled development of new energy, the integrated development of a carbon-neutral “whole-energy system”;, and the shared development of the “Belt and Road”; energy corridor. The construction of an “energy powerhouse”; should follow a “three-phase”; strategic pathway: from 2025 to 2030, achieving peak primary energy consumption and “carbon peaking”;; from 2031 to 2050, energy production will achieve parity with consumption for the first time, striving for “energy independence”;; and from 2051 to 2060, aiming for “carbon neutrality”;, and establishing an “energy powerhouse”;. Building an “energy powerhouse”; will fundamentally safeguard national energy security, advance the achievement of carbon neutrality goals, provide Chinese solutions for global energy transition and green Earth construction, and support the modernization and great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
本研究通过总结全球能源结构和中国能源资源禀赋的特点,分析中国建设“能源强国”的历史背景和机遇,并提出实现“能源强国”的路径和措施。研究表明,中国能源资源禀赋具有煤炭资源丰富、油气资源有限、可再生能源潜力巨大的特点,同时具有高煤耗、低油气消耗、可再生能源利用快速增长的能源消费结构。“全能量系统”;多种能源互补、绿色发展、稳定供应、智慧利用、碳中和相结合的道路,是实现能源转型和能源自主的有效途径。建设“能源强国”,可以坚持化石燃料稳定有序低碳发展,新能源安全规模化发展,碳中和“全能源体系”一体化发展,共建“一带一路”共享发展;能源走廊。建设“能源强国”;应该遵循一个“三相”;战略路径:2025年至2030年,实现一次能源消费峰值和“碳峰值”;2031年至2050年,首次实现能源生产与消费对等,实现“能源独立”;从2051年到2060年,以“碳中和”为目标,建立“能源强国”;建设“能源强国”;将从根本上维护国家能源安全,推进碳中和目标的实现,为全球能源转型和绿色地球建设提供中国方案,支持中华民族现代化建设和伟大复兴。
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引用次数: 0
Geochemical differences in natural gas of Sinian Dengying Formation on the east and west sides of the Deyang-Anyue rift trough and their genesis, Sichuan Basin, SW China 四川盆地德阳—安岳裂谷东西两侧震旦系灯影组天然气地球化学差异及其成因
IF 7 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60576-3
Zezhang SONG , Shigui JIN , Bing LUO , Qingyong LUO , Xingwang TIAN , Dailin YANG , Ziyu ZHANG , Wenjin ZHANG , Luya WU , Jiali TAO , Jiahuan HE , Wenzheng LI , Bingfei GE , Guan WANG , Jiawei GAO
Taking the natural gas reservoirs of the Sinian Dengying Formation on the east and west sides (Gaoshiti-Moxi area and north slope of central Sichuan paleo-uplift on the east; Weiyuan and Well Datan-1 block on the west) of the Deyang-Anyue rift trough in the Sichuan Basin, China, as the research object, the geochemical parameters (component, isotopic composition) of natural gas from the Dengying Formation in different areas are compared, and then the differences in geochemical characteristics of Dengying natural gas on the east and west sides of the Deyang-Anyue rift trough and their genesis are clarified. First, the Dengying gas reservoirs on both sides of the rift trough are predominantly composed of oil-cracking gas with high maturity, which is typical dry gas. Second, severely modified by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reaction, the Dengying gas reservoirs on the east side exhibit high H2S and CO2 contents, with an elevated δ13C2 value (average value higher than −29‰). The Dengying gas reservoirs in the Weiyuan area are less affected by TSR modification, though the δ13C1 values are slightly greater than that of the reservoirs on the east side with partial reversal of carbon isotope composition, likely due to the water-soluble gas precipitation and accumulation mechanism. The Dengying gas reservoir of Well Datan-1 shows no influence from TSR. Third, the Dengying gas reservoirs reflect high helium contents (significantly higher than that on the east side) in the Weiyuan and Datan-1 areas on the west side, which is supposed to attribute to the widespread granites in basement and efficient vertical transport along faults. Fourth, controlled by the paleo-salinity of water medium in the depositional period of the source rock, the δ2HCH4 values of the Dengying gas reservoirs on the west side are slightly lighter than those on the east side. Fifth, the Dengying natural gas in the Datan-1 area is contributed by the source rocks of the Sinian Doushantuo Formation and the third member of the Dengying Formation, in addition to the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation.
以中国四川盆地德阳-安岳断裂槽东西两侧(东侧为高石梯-磨溪地区、川中古隆起北坡;以中国四川盆地德阳-安岳断裂槽东西两侧(东侧为高石梯-磨溪地区和川中古隆起北坡;西侧为威远和井大滩-1区块)的中年登瀛层天然气储层为研究对象,对比不同地区登瀛层天然气的地球化学参数(组分、同位素组成),阐明德阳-安岳断裂槽东西两侧登瀛层天然气地球化学特征的差异及其成因。首先,裂谷两侧的登封气藏主要由高成熟度的裂油气组成,属于典型的干气。其次,由于受到热化学硫酸盐还原反应(TSR)的严重改造,东侧的登瀛气藏表现出较高的 H2S 和 CO2 含量,δ13C2 值升高(平均值高于-29‰)。威远地区的登瀛气藏受TSR改造的影响较小,但δ13C1值略大于东侧气藏,碳同位素组成出现部分逆转,可能是水溶性气体析出和积聚机理所致。大滩-1井的登瀛气藏没有受到TSR的影响。第三,登瀛气藏西侧威远和大滩-1区氦含量较高(明显高于东侧),这可能是由于基底花岗岩广泛分布,沿断层垂直运移效率高所致。第四,受源岩沉积期水介质古盐度的控制,西侧登瀛气藏δ2HCH4 值较东侧气藏稍轻。第五,大滩-1区的丹营天然气除寒武系琼珠寺地层外,还有新元古代豆山头地层和丹营地层第三系的源岩贡献。
{"title":"Geochemical differences in natural gas of Sinian Dengying Formation on the east and west sides of the Deyang-Anyue rift trough and their genesis, Sichuan Basin, SW China","authors":"Zezhang SONG ,&nbsp;Shigui JIN ,&nbsp;Bing LUO ,&nbsp;Qingyong LUO ,&nbsp;Xingwang TIAN ,&nbsp;Dailin YANG ,&nbsp;Ziyu ZHANG ,&nbsp;Wenjin ZHANG ,&nbsp;Luya WU ,&nbsp;Jiali TAO ,&nbsp;Jiahuan HE ,&nbsp;Wenzheng LI ,&nbsp;Bingfei GE ,&nbsp;Guan WANG ,&nbsp;Jiawei GAO","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60576-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60576-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Taking the natural gas reservoirs of the Sinian Dengying Formation on the east and west sides (Gaoshiti-Moxi area and north slope of central Sichuan paleo-uplift on the east; Weiyuan and Well Datan-1 block on the west) of the Deyang-Anyue rift trough in the Sichuan Basin, China, as the research object, the geochemical parameters (component, isotopic composition) of natural gas from the Dengying Formation in different areas are compared, and then the differences in geochemical characteristics of Dengying natural gas on the east and west sides of the Deyang-Anyue rift trough and their genesis are clarified. First, the Dengying gas reservoirs on both sides of the rift trough are predominantly composed of oil-cracking gas with high maturity, which is typical dry gas. Second, severely modified by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reaction, the Dengying gas reservoirs on the east side exhibit high H<sub>2</sub>S and CO<sub>2</sub> contents, with an elevated δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub> value (average value higher than −29‰). The Dengying gas reservoirs in the Weiyuan area are less affected by TSR modification, though the δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>1</sub> values are slightly greater than that of the reservoirs on the east side with partial reversal of carbon isotope composition, likely due to the water-soluble gas precipitation and accumulation mechanism. The Dengying gas reservoir of Well Datan-1 shows no influence from TSR. Third, the Dengying gas reservoirs reflect high helium contents (significantly higher than that on the east side) in the Weiyuan and Datan-1 areas on the west side, which is supposed to attribute to the widespread granites in basement and efficient vertical transport along faults. Fourth, controlled by the paleo-salinity of water medium in the depositional period of the source rock, the δ<sup>2</sup>H<sub>CH4</sub> values of the Dengying gas reservoirs on the west side are slightly lighter than those on the east side. Fifth, the Dengying natural gas in the Datan-1 area is contributed by the source rocks of the Sinian Doushantuo Formation and the third member of the Dengying Formation, in addition to the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 422-434"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Equivalent force model of deformation induced by oil and gas reservoir development and its volume boundary element method solution 油气藏开发变形等效力模型及其体积边界元法求解
IF 7 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60581-7
Xuehao PEI , Yuetian LIU , Liang XUE
To address the issue that traditional finite element methods cannot fully consider the semi-infinite earth strata and have lower solution accuracy, a new equivalent force model for induced deformation during oil and gas reservoir development is derived from the perspective of semi-infinite strata. A brand-new volume boundary element numerical method solution has been developed and verified and tested. The influences of internal flow and flow boundary of the reservoir on strata deformation are equivalent to the impacts on strata deformation when external forces act at the interior and boundary of the reservoir, respectively. Calculation methods for the flow equivalent force and boundary equivalent force are provided. The deformation solution at any point in the strata can be obtained through the convolution of flow equivalent forces, boundary equivalent forces and Green's functions. After discretization, the deformation solution at any point in the strata can be obtained by multiplying the grid boundary equivalent forces, grid flow equivalent forces with their corresponding grid boundary sources and grid volume sources respectively, and then summing them up. This numerical method is termed the Volumetric Boundary Element Method (VBEM). Compared with traditional commercial simulators, VBEM fully considers the effects of reservoir flow boundaries, pore pressure gradient fields within the reservoir, and fluid mass changes within pores on formation deformation. It eliminates the need for meshing outside the reservoir, achieves significantly improved solution accuracy, and provides a new technical framework for simulating deformation induced by reservoir development.
针对传统有限元方法不能充分考虑半无限地层、求解精度低等问题,从半无限地层角度出发,推导了一种新的油气藏开发诱导变形等效力模型。提出了一种全新的体积边界元数值解法,并进行了验证和测试。储层内部流动和流动边界对地层变形的影响相当于外力分别作用于储层内部和边界时对地层变形的影响。给出了流动等效力和边界等效力的计算方法。通过流动等效力、边界等效力和格林函数的卷积得到地层中任意一点的变形解。离散化后,将网格边界等效力、网格流动等效力分别与其对应的网格边界源和网格体积源相乘,求和即可得到地层中任意点的变形解。这种数值方法被称为体积边界元法(VBEM)。与传统的商业模拟相比,VBEM充分考虑了储层流动边界、储层内孔隙压力梯度场和孔隙内流体质量变化对地层变形的影响。该方法无需在储层外进行网格划分,求解精度显著提高,为模拟储层发育引起的变形提供了新的技术框架。
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引用次数: 0
Fluid characteristics, gas accumulation controlling factors and gas enrichment modes in coal reservoirs: A case study of the Upper Paleozoic in the central-eastern Ordos Basin, NW China 煤储层流体特征、成藏控制因素及富集模式——以鄂尔多斯盆地中东部上古生界为例
IF 7 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60577-5
Shida CHEN , Dazhen TANG , Wei HOU , Daojun HUANG , Yongzhou LI , Jianling HU , Hao XU , Shu TAO , Song LI , Shuling TANG
Based on the test and experimental data from exploration well cores of the Upper Paleozoic in the central-eastern Ordos Basin, combined with structural, burial depth and fluid geochemistry analyses, this study reveals the fluid characteristics, gas accumulation control factors and accumulation modes in the Upper Paleozoic coal reservoirs. The study indicates findings in two aspects. First, the 1 500–1 800 m interval represents the critical transition zone between open fluid system in shallow–medium depths and closed fluid system in deep depths. The reservoirs above 1 500 m reflect intense water invasion, with discrete pressure gradient distribution, and the presence of methane mixed with varying degrees of secondary biogenic gas, and they generally exhibit high water saturation and adsorbed gas undersaturation. The reservoirs deeper than 1 800 m, with extremely low permeability, are self-sealed, and contains closed fluid systems formed jointly by the hydrodynamic lateral blocking and tight caprock confinement. Within these systems, surface runoff infiltration is weak, the degree of secondary fluid transformation is minimal, and the pressure gradient is relatively uniform. The adsorbed gas saturation exceeds 100% in most seams, and the free gas content primarily ranges from 1 m3/t to 8 m3/t (greater than 10 m3/t in some seams). Second, the gas accumulation in deep coals is primarily controlled by coal quality, reservoir-caprock assemblage, and structural position governed storage, wettability and sealing properties, under the constraints of the underground temperature and pressure conditions. High-rank, low-ash yield coals with limestone and mudstone caprocks show superior gas accumulation potential. Positive structural highs and wide and gentle negative structural lows are favorable sites for gas enrichment, while slope belts of fold limbs exhibit relatively lower gas content. This research enhances understanding of gas accumulation mechanisms in coal reservoirs and provides effective parameter reference for precise zone evaluation and innovation of adaptive stimulation technologies for deep resources.
根据鄂尔多斯盆地中东部上古生界探井岩心的测试和实验资料,结合构造、埋藏深度和流体地球化学分析,揭示了上古生界煤储层流体特征、天然气成藏控制因素和成藏模式。该研究表明了两个方面的发现。首先,1 500 ~ 1 800 m段是浅中深开放流体体系与深部封闭流体体系之间的临界过渡带;1 500 m以上储层水侵强度大,压力梯度分布离散,甲烷与不同程度的次生生物气混合存在,普遍表现为高含水饱和度和吸附气欠饱和。深度大于1 800 m的储层为自封闭储层,渗透率极低,含水动力侧向封堵和致密盖层封闭共同形成的封闭流体体系。在这些系统中,地表径流入渗较弱,二次流体转化程度最小,压力梯度相对均匀。大部分煤层吸附气饱和度超过100%,游离气含量主要在1 ~ 8 m3/t之间(部分煤层大于10 m3/t)。②深部煤中天然气成藏主要受煤质、储盖组合、构造位置等因素的控制,受地下温度和压力条件的约束。含灰岩和泥岩盖层的高阶低灰分煤具有较好的成藏潜力。正构造高点和宽缓的负构造低点是天然气富集的有利部位,褶皱分支斜坡带的含气量相对较低。该研究增强了对煤储层成藏机理的认识,为深部资源精准区域化评价和自适应增产技术创新提供了有效的参数参考。
{"title":"Fluid characteristics, gas accumulation controlling factors and gas enrichment modes in coal reservoirs: A case study of the Upper Paleozoic in the central-eastern Ordos Basin, NW China","authors":"Shida CHEN ,&nbsp;Dazhen TANG ,&nbsp;Wei HOU ,&nbsp;Daojun HUANG ,&nbsp;Yongzhou LI ,&nbsp;Jianling HU ,&nbsp;Hao XU ,&nbsp;Shu TAO ,&nbsp;Song LI ,&nbsp;Shuling TANG","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60577-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60577-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the test and experimental data from exploration well cores of the Upper Paleozoic in the central-eastern Ordos Basin, combined with structural, burial depth and fluid geochemistry analyses, this study reveals the fluid characteristics, gas accumulation control factors and accumulation modes in the Upper Paleozoic coal reservoirs. The study indicates findings in two aspects. First, the 1 500–1 800 m interval represents the critical transition zone between open fluid system in shallow–medium depths and closed fluid system in deep depths. The reservoirs above 1 500 m reflect intense water invasion, with discrete pressure gradient distribution, and the presence of methane mixed with varying degrees of secondary biogenic gas, and they generally exhibit high water saturation and adsorbed gas undersaturation. The reservoirs deeper than 1 800 m, with extremely low permeability, are self-sealed, and contains closed fluid systems formed jointly by the hydrodynamic lateral blocking and tight caprock confinement. Within these systems, surface runoff infiltration is weak, the degree of secondary fluid transformation is minimal, and the pressure gradient is relatively uniform. The adsorbed gas saturation exceeds 100% in most seams, and the free gas content primarily ranges from 1 m<sup>3</sup>/t to 8 m<sup>3</sup>/t (greater than 10 m<sup>3</sup>/t in some seams). Second, the gas accumulation in deep coals is primarily controlled by coal quality, reservoir-caprock assemblage, and structural position governed storage, wettability and sealing properties, under the constraints of the underground temperature and pressure conditions. High-rank, low-ash yield coals with limestone and mudstone caprocks show superior gas accumulation potential. Positive structural highs and wide and gentle negative structural lows are favorable sites for gas enrichment, while slope belts of fold limbs exhibit relatively lower gas content. This research enhances understanding of gas accumulation mechanisms in coal reservoirs and provides effective parameter reference for precise zone evaluation and innovation of adaptive stimulation technologies for deep resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 435-444"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deformation and migration characteristics of bubbles moving in gas-liquid countercurrent flow in annulus 环空气液逆流运动气泡的变形与迁移特性
IF 7 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60580-5
Bangtang YIN , Tianbao DING , Shulong WANG , Zhiyuan WANG , Baojiang SUN , Wei ZHANG , Xuliang ZHANG
The gas-liquid countercurrent flow pattern is complex and the bubble migration velocity is difficult to predict in the process of bullheading well killing. The experiment on bubble migration in gas-liquid countercurrent flow in annulus is carried out under different working conditions to reveal how the wellbore inclination angle, liquid phase property and countercurrent liquid velocity affect the bubble deformation and bubble migration trajectory/velocity, and to establish a bubble migration velocity prediction model. The bubbles in the countercurrent flow mainly migrate in two modes: free rising of isolated bubbles, and interactive rising of multiple bubbles. The bubbles migrate by an S-shaped trajectory in the countercurrent flow. With the increase of countercurrent liquid velocity, the lateral oscillation of bubbles is intensified. The increases of wellbore inclination angle, liquid density and liquid viscosity make the bubble migration trajectory gradually to be linear. The bubble is generally ellipsoidal during its rising. The wellbore inclination angle has little effect on the degree of bubble deformation. The bubbles are ellipsoidal during rising, with little influence of wellbore inclination angle on bubble deformation. With the increase of liquid viscosity and density, the aspect ratio of the bubble decreases. As the wellbore inclination angle increases, the bubble migration velocity gradually decreases. As the liquid viscosity increases, the bubble migration velocity decreases. As the liquid density increases, the bubble migration velocity increases slightly. The established bubble migration velocity prediction model yields errors within ± 15 %, and demonstrates broad applicability across a wide range of operating conditions.
顶井压井过程中气液逆流流形态复杂,气泡运移速度难以预测。通过不同工况下环空气液逆流气泡运移实验,揭示井筒倾角、液相性质和逆流液体速度对气泡变形和气泡运移轨迹/速度的影响,建立气泡运移速度预测模型。逆流中气泡的迁移主要有两种模式:孤立气泡的自由上升和多个气泡的相互作用上升。气泡在逆流中沿s形轨迹迁移。随着逆流液速度的增大,气泡的横向振荡加剧。随着井筒倾角、液体密度和液体粘度的增大,气泡运移轨迹逐渐趋近于线性。气泡在上升过程中一般呈椭球状。井筒倾角对气泡变形程度影响不大。气泡在上升过程中呈椭球状,井筒倾角对气泡变形影响较小。随着液体粘度和密度的增大,气泡的长径比减小。随着井筒倾角的增大,气泡运移速度逐渐减小。随着液体粘度的增加,气泡迁移速度减小。随着液体密度的增大,气泡迁移速度略有增大。所建立的气泡迁移速度预测模型的误差在±15%以内,并且在广泛的操作条件下具有广泛的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Source and exploration potential of the ultra-deep Cambrian petroleum in Well XT-1, Tarim Basin, NW China 塔里木盆地XT-1井超深寒武系油气来源及勘探潜力
IF 7 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60574-X
Jin SU , Xiaomei WANG , Chengdong Zhang , Xianzhang YANG , Jin LI , Yupeng YANG , Haizu ZHANG , Yu FANG , Chunlong YANG , Chenchen FANG , Yalong WANG , Caiyun WEI , Na WENG , Shuichang ZHANG
The ultra-deep (deeper than 8 000 m) petroleum in the platform-basin zones of the Tarim Basin has been found mainly in the Lower Paleozoic reservoirs located to the east of the strike-slip fault F5 in the north depression. However, the source and exploration potential of the ultra-deep petroleum in the Cambrian on the west of F5 are still unclear. Through the analysis of lithofacies and biomarkers, it is revealed that there are at least three kinds of isochronous source rocks (SRs) in the Cambrian Newfoundland Series in Tarim Basin, which were deposited in three sedimentary environments, i.e. sulfide slope, deep-water shelf and restricted bay. In 2024, Well XT-1 in the western part of northern Tarim Basin has yielded a high production of condensate from the Cambrian. In the produced oil, entire aryl-isoprenoid alkane biomarkers were detected, but triaromatic dinosterane was absent. This finding is well consistent with the geochemical characteristics of the Newfoundland sulfidized slope SRs represented by those in wells LT-1 and QT-1, suggesting that the Newfoundland SRs are the main source of the Cambrian petroleum discovered in Well XT-1. Cambrian crude oil of Well XT-1 also presents the predominance of C29 steranes and is rich in long-chain tricyclic terpanes (up to C39), which can be the indicators for effectively distinguishing lithofacies such as siliceous mudstone and carbonate rock. Combined with the analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation in respect of conduction systems including thrust fault and strike-slip fault, it is found that the area to the west of F5 is possible to receive effective supply of hydrocarbons from the Cambrian Newfoundland SRs in Manxi hydrocarbon-generation center. This finding suggests that the area to the west of F5 will be a new target of exploration in the Cambrian ultra-deep structural-lithologic reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, in addition to the Cambrian ultra-deep platform-margin facies-controlled reservoirs in the eastern part of the basin.
塔里木盆地台盆带的超深层(深度超过 8 000 米)石油主要发现于位于北坳陷走向滑动断层 F5 以东的下古生界储层中。然而,F5 以西寒武系超深层石油的来源和勘探潜力尚不清楚。通过对岩性和生物标志物的分析,发现塔里木盆地寒武系纽芬兰系列至少存在三种等时源岩(SR),分别沉积于硫化斜坡、深水陆架和限制性海湾三种沉积环境中。2024 年,塔里木盆地北部西部的 XT-1 井从寒武系中产出了大量凝析油。在产出的石油中,检测到了全部芳基-异戊烯烷烃生物标志物,但没有发现三芳基二烯丙基烷烃。这一发现与以 LT-1 井和 QT-1 井为代表的纽芬兰硫化斜坡 SR 的地球化学特征十分吻合,表明纽芬兰 SR 是 XT-1 井发现的寒武纪石油的主要来源。XT-1 井的寒武纪原油还以 C29 甾烷类为主,并富含长链三环萜类(最高达 C39),可作为有效区分硅质泥岩和碳酸盐岩等岩性的指标。结合对推断断裂和走向滑动断层等传导系统的油气富集分析,发现 F5 以西地区有可能得到曼西油气生成中心寒武系纽芬兰 SR 的有效油气补给。这一发现表明,除塔里木盆地东部寒武系超深层平台-边缘面控制储层外,F5以西地区将成为塔里木盆地寒武系超深层构造-岩性储层勘探的新目标。
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引用次数: 0
Technical progress and application of global carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage cluster 全球二氧化碳捕集利用与封存集群的技术进展与应用
IF 7 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60585-4
Guofeng WANG , Weifeng LYU , Kai CUI , Zemin JI , Heng WANG , Chang HE , Chunyu HE
By systematically reviewing the development status of global carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) cluster, and comparing domestic and international CCUS industrial models and successful experiences, this study explores the challenges and strategies for the scaled development of the CCUS industry of China. Globally, the CCUS industry has entered a phase of scaled and clustered development. North America has established a system of key technologies in large-scale CO2 capture, long-distance pipeline transmission, pipeline network optimization, and large-scale CO2 flooding for enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR), with relatively mature cluster development and a gradual shift in industrial model from CO2-EOR to geological storage. The CCUS industry of China has developed rapidly across all segments but remains in the early stage of cluster development, facing challenges such as absent business model, insufficient policy support, and technological gaps in core areas. China needs to improve the policy support system to boost enterprises participation across the entire industrial chain, strengthen top-level design and medium- to long-term planning to accelerate demonstration projects construction for whole-process CCUS clusters, advance for a full-chain technological system, including low-cost capture, pipeline optimization and EOR/storage integration technologies, and strengthen personnel training, strengthen discipline construction and university-enterprise research cooperation.
本研究通过系统回顾全球二氧化碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)集群的发展现状,比较国内外CCUS产业模式和成功经验,探讨中国CCUS产业规模化发展面临的挑战和对策。全球CCUS产业已进入规模化、集群化发展阶段。北美已建立起大规模CO2捕集、长输管道、管网优化、大规模CO2驱油提高采收率(CO2- eor)关键技术体系,集群发展较为成熟,产业模式逐步从CO2- eor向地质封存转变。中国CCUS产业在各个细分领域发展迅速,但仍处于集群发展的早期阶段,面临着商业模式缺失、政策支持不足、核心领域技术差距等挑战。完善政策支持体系,促进企业全产业链参与,加强顶层设计和中长期规划,加快CCUS全过程集群示范项目建设,推进低成本捕集、管道优化、提高采储一体化技术等全产业链技术体系建设,加强人才培养。加强学科建设和校企科研合作。
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引用次数: 0
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Petroleum Exploration and Development
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