Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314465
Amirah Ayu Mudhiah Fahren, K. M. Banjar-Nahor, Claysius Dewanata Widjaja, N. Hariyanto
The regulation of Indonesian Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 4 of 2009 encourages many mining and mineral companies in Indonesia to build smelters. Electric arc furnaces used in the smelting process are non-linear loads that consume large amounts of power and change very quickly over time. The characteristics of electric arc furnaces that fluctuate rapidly may cause several problems such as system frequency instability. To compensate the intermittency of an electric arc furnace, a Static Watt Compensator (SWC) or Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can be used. This paper discusses the comparison between the Static Watt Compensator and Battery Energy Storage System in terms of performance, sizing, and cost. The modeling and the simulation will be carried out with DIgSILENT PowerFactory, a power system analysis software. The performance of SWC and BESS will be compared by using the Integral Square Error (ISE) method. The results show that SWC maintains system frequency by absorbing active power and can only overcome the system's over-frequency condition, whereas BESS maintains system frequency by supplying or absorbing active power so that it can overcome both over-frequency and under-frequency conditions. However, the use of SWC increases system losses, which causes the total cost of SWC slightly higher than BESS.
{"title":"Static Watt Compensator and Battery Energy Storage System for Frequency Stability Considering Smelter: A Comparison","authors":"Amirah Ayu Mudhiah Fahren, K. M. Banjar-Nahor, Claysius Dewanata Widjaja, N. Hariyanto","doi":"10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314465","url":null,"abstract":"The regulation of Indonesian Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 4 of 2009 encourages many mining and mineral companies in Indonesia to build smelters. Electric arc furnaces used in the smelting process are non-linear loads that consume large amounts of power and change very quickly over time. The characteristics of electric arc furnaces that fluctuate rapidly may cause several problems such as system frequency instability. To compensate the intermittency of an electric arc furnace, a Static Watt Compensator (SWC) or Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can be used. This paper discusses the comparison between the Static Watt Compensator and Battery Energy Storage System in terms of performance, sizing, and cost. The modeling and the simulation will be carried out with DIgSILENT PowerFactory, a power system analysis software. The performance of SWC and BESS will be compared by using the Integral Square Error (ISE) method. The results show that SWC maintains system frequency by absorbing active power and can only overcome the system's over-frequency condition, whereas BESS maintains system frequency by supplying or absorbing active power so that it can overcome both over-frequency and under-frequency conditions. However, the use of SWC increases system losses, which causes the total cost of SWC slightly higher than BESS.","PeriodicalId":6768,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"43 1","pages":"409-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74675187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314625
Y. S. Dira, N. Tan, A. Ramli
Bidirectional isolated DC-DC converters (BIDC) are considered among the key technologies in renewable energy (RE) and electric vehicles (EV) systems. The main component of the converter is the high-frequency transformer (HFT) that increases the power density of the power conversion system. This paper presents a review of HFT design for BIDC in terms of winding, core material, and core shape. Moreover, the paper also analyzes the effects of transformer parasitic parameters, phase-shift angle, and magnetic materials.
{"title":"A Review of High-Frequency Transformers for Bidirectional Isolated DC-DC Converters","authors":"Y. S. Dira, N. Tan, A. Ramli","doi":"10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314625","url":null,"abstract":"Bidirectional isolated DC-DC converters (BIDC) are considered among the key technologies in renewable energy (RE) and electric vehicles (EV) systems. The main component of the converter is the high-frequency transformer (HFT) that increases the power density of the power conversion system. This paper presents a review of HFT design for BIDC in terms of winding, core material, and core shape. Moreover, the paper also analyzes the effects of transformer parasitic parameters, phase-shift angle, and magnetic materials.","PeriodicalId":6768,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"6 1","pages":"137-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73215345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314599
P. Le, Duong Minh Bui, C. Ngo, Thanh- Phuong Nguyen, Cong Phuc Huynh, Ngoc Minh Doan
Integration of Distributed Generators (DGs) into a distribution network (DN) can significantly improve the reliability of power supply and reduction on power losses. However, the operation of DGs can also lead to complexity in the protection of distribution networks. As a case study, this paper will consider the effects of two DG types on the protection system of DNs through analyzing a proposed Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration (FLISR) approach. This FLISR approach can achieve fast total fault processing time and meanwhile consider DGs as ancillary services for post-fault restoration planning of the DN to minimize the number of outage customers and the amount of lost power. Specifically, tripping-threshold currents of overcurrent relays are combined with the status of switching devices and the loss of voltage to detect and locate different faults in a distribution network with DGs. Isolation of faulted sections and post-fault service restoration in the DN are implemented by solving an objective function with two constraints. Six performance indices are selected for the post-fault SR process. By using E-Terra software for a distribution management system (DMS), simulation results of a 22kV distribution network with DGs are used to validate the proposed FLISR approach. Consequently, the developed FLISR approach could be effectively adaptable to high penetration of DGs into the distribution network and able to properly indicate risks of protection mis-coordination, quickly detect and locate various faults as well as rank all possible post-fault SR plans in DG-integrated distribution networks within a total time of two minutes.
{"title":"A Proposed FLISR Approach for Distribution Networks with Distributed Generators","authors":"P. Le, Duong Minh Bui, C. Ngo, Thanh- Phuong Nguyen, Cong Phuc Huynh, Ngoc Minh Doan","doi":"10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314599","url":null,"abstract":"Integration of Distributed Generators (DGs) into a distribution network (DN) can significantly improve the reliability of power supply and reduction on power losses. However, the operation of DGs can also lead to complexity in the protection of distribution networks. As a case study, this paper will consider the effects of two DG types on the protection system of DNs through analyzing a proposed Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration (FLISR) approach. This FLISR approach can achieve fast total fault processing time and meanwhile consider DGs as ancillary services for post-fault restoration planning of the DN to minimize the number of outage customers and the amount of lost power. Specifically, tripping-threshold currents of overcurrent relays are combined with the status of switching devices and the loss of voltage to detect and locate different faults in a distribution network with DGs. Isolation of faulted sections and post-fault service restoration in the DN are implemented by solving an objective function with two constraints. Six performance indices are selected for the post-fault SR process. By using E-Terra software for a distribution management system (DMS), simulation results of a 22kV distribution network with DGs are used to validate the proposed FLISR approach. Consequently, the developed FLISR approach could be effectively adaptable to high penetration of DGs into the distribution network and able to properly indicate risks of protection mis-coordination, quickly detect and locate various faults as well as rank all possible post-fault SR plans in DG-integrated distribution networks within a total time of two minutes.","PeriodicalId":6768,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"2 1","pages":"125-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75005791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314483
Tajul Ariffin Aman, A. Mokhtar, Mohd AizamTalib
The reliability and availability of the electrical network is highly much depending on the reliability of the installed high voltage equipment. Transformer is one of these critical assets and its failure can cause major downtime in the electrical supply and result in the revenue losses to the utilities or plant operator. Over the last decade, condition-based maintenance has been actively engaged as the maintenance regime for the maintenance of in-service power transformer. As such, the basic and advance diagnostic testing has been used to diagnose and assess the condition of the transformers. A large utility typically has in excess of a thousand power transformers and prioritizing the maintenance of the transformer is important to optimize the operational cost and at the same time avoid the unplanned outages. This paper presented the method on assessing the overall health condition of the transformer using combination of health index and criticality index to prioritize the strategic decisions on the transformer and a case study in Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Malaysia.
{"title":"Assessment The Overall Health Condition of Transformer Using Health Index and Critical Index Approach: TNB Grid Case Study","authors":"Tajul Ariffin Aman, A. Mokhtar, Mohd AizamTalib","doi":"10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314483","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability and availability of the electrical network is highly much depending on the reliability of the installed high voltage equipment. Transformer is one of these critical assets and its failure can cause major downtime in the electrical supply and result in the revenue losses to the utilities or plant operator. Over the last decade, condition-based maintenance has been actively engaged as the maintenance regime for the maintenance of in-service power transformer. As such, the basic and advance diagnostic testing has been used to diagnose and assess the condition of the transformers. A large utility typically has in excess of a thousand power transformers and prioritizing the maintenance of the transformer is important to optimize the operational cost and at the same time avoid the unplanned outages. This paper presented the method on assessing the overall health condition of the transformer using combination of health index and criticality index to prioritize the strategic decisions on the transformer and a case study in Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":6768,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"35 1","pages":"235-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72678919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314410
Azri H. Hasani, M. Mansor, V. Kumaran, A. W. Mahmood Zuhdi, Yong Jia Ying, M. Hannan, Fazrena Azlee Hamid, Muhamad Safwan Abd Rahman, Nur Ashida Salim
An improved hybrid bidirectional DC-DC converter is proposed in this paper which is suitable to be deployed in energy storage applications interfacing the DC bus of a microgrid. The converter utilizes voltage boosting techniques such as a switched-capacitor network and coupled inductor to achieve a large voltage conversion ratio. Furthermore, the converter requires a small number of components and a simple PWM controller. The steady-state analysis of the converter is presented and derived. The performance of the converter is also compared with other similar converters. Simulation is carried out using Matlab Simulink which verifies the theoretical analysis of the converter.
{"title":"Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with Extended Voltage Conversion Ratio for Energy Storage Applications","authors":"Azri H. Hasani, M. Mansor, V. Kumaran, A. W. Mahmood Zuhdi, Yong Jia Ying, M. Hannan, Fazrena Azlee Hamid, Muhamad Safwan Abd Rahman, Nur Ashida Salim","doi":"10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314410","url":null,"abstract":"An improved hybrid bidirectional DC-DC converter is proposed in this paper which is suitable to be deployed in energy storage applications interfacing the DC bus of a microgrid. The converter utilizes voltage boosting techniques such as a switched-capacitor network and coupled inductor to achieve a large voltage conversion ratio. Furthermore, the converter requires a small number of components and a simple PWM controller. The steady-state analysis of the converter is presented and derived. The performance of the converter is also compared with other similar converters. Simulation is carried out using Matlab Simulink which verifies the theoretical analysis of the converter.","PeriodicalId":6768,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"353 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84878049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314538
S. Al-Jufout
This paper presents a discrete mathematical model of a three-phase medium-length transmission line. Initially, the model is composed of a system of differential equations for current, sending- and receiving-end voltage calculations. These equations have been written in Cartesian coordinate system, the use of which decreases their total number by one third, however, this also limits the implementation of the model for symmetrical conditions only. The model has been developed for the analysis of both transient and steady-state conditions. Based on this model, the discreet mathematical model has been proposed, in which the system of the differential equations have been replaced by a system of algebraic equations. Both algorithms have been developed using MATLAB. The accuracy of the results and computational time have been compared and evaluated. A numerical example with graphical results has been presented.
{"title":"Development of a Discrete Mathematical Model for Medium-Length Transmission Lines","authors":"S. Al-Jufout","doi":"10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314538","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a discrete mathematical model of a three-phase medium-length transmission line. Initially, the model is composed of a system of differential equations for current, sending- and receiving-end voltage calculations. These equations have been written in Cartesian coordinate system, the use of which decreases their total number by one third, however, this also limits the implementation of the model for symmetrical conditions only. The model has been developed for the analysis of both transient and steady-state conditions. Based on this model, the discreet mathematical model has been proposed, in which the system of the differential equations have been replaced by a system of algebraic equations. Both algorithms have been developed using MATLAB. The accuracy of the results and computational time have been compared and evaluated. A numerical example with graphical results has been presented.","PeriodicalId":6768,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"29 1","pages":"119-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80854532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314539
M. Mizutani, S. Koyama, S. Abe, T. Ohira
This paper presents a novel design theory for radio frequency (RF) inverters. We project the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) and zero-voltage-derivative-switching (ZVDS) load impedances on the Smith chart, and find out that their loci exhibit geodesic arcs. We show that any complex impedance can be transformed by a lossless reciprocal network from one geodesic to another. Exploiting this geometric theorem, we establish a design theory of geodesic-to-geodesic (G2G) networks, which employs three LC elements. With the G2G network, RF-switching inverters can achieve ZVS operations over the full load resistance range. The G2G inverter maintains its output voltage or current at a constant amplitude. The design theory is verified via circuit simulations. The presented theory is quite elegant as it is based on a graphical approach.
{"title":"Geodesic Theory of Zero-Voltage-Switching RF Power Inverters for Constant-Voltage or -Current Output Operation","authors":"M. Mizutani, S. Koyama, S. Abe, T. Ohira","doi":"10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314539","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel design theory for radio frequency (RF) inverters. We project the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) and zero-voltage-derivative-switching (ZVDS) load impedances on the Smith chart, and find out that their loci exhibit geodesic arcs. We show that any complex impedance can be transformed by a lossless reciprocal network from one geodesic to another. Exploiting this geometric theorem, we establish a design theory of geodesic-to-geodesic (G2G) networks, which employs three LC elements. With the G2G network, RF-switching inverters can achieve ZVS operations over the full load resistance range. The G2G inverter maintains its output voltage or current at a constant amplitude. The design theory is verified via circuit simulations. The presented theory is quite elegant as it is based on a graphical approach.","PeriodicalId":6768,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"106 1","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82545537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314609
Abdullah Munir, Z. Abdul-Malek
Leakage current based condition monitoring plays a vital role to predict the malfunctioning of Metal Oxide Surge Arrester (MOSA) due to its ageing and degradation. The change in the resistive leakage current and particularly its third harmonic component is considered as an excellent indication of arrester’s ageing. The presence of third harmonic in the grid’s voltage affects the extraction of third harmonic resistive current. Therefore, it can lead to incorrect condition assessment of MOSA. This paper aims to introduce a new ageing indicator for MOSA, which is independent of voltage harmonics. This analysis is performed experimentally on three aged samples of 120kV rated polymeric MOSAs manufactured by ABB. Fast fourier transform (FFT) is applied to the acquired resistive leakage current to extract its harmonic parameters. It is found that the fifth harmonic resistive current exhibits similar sensitivity towards ageing as compared to the third harmonic resistive current. Results have shown that the condition assessment based on third harmonic current can easily be replaced with the fifth harmonic current.
{"title":"Ageing Detection of Metal Oxide Surge Arrester using Fifth Harmonic Resistive Current","authors":"Abdullah Munir, Z. Abdul-Malek","doi":"10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314609","url":null,"abstract":"Leakage current based condition monitoring plays a vital role to predict the malfunctioning of Metal Oxide Surge Arrester (MOSA) due to its ageing and degradation. The change in the resistive leakage current and particularly its third harmonic component is considered as an excellent indication of arrester’s ageing. The presence of third harmonic in the grid’s voltage affects the extraction of third harmonic resistive current. Therefore, it can lead to incorrect condition assessment of MOSA. This paper aims to introduce a new ageing indicator for MOSA, which is independent of voltage harmonics. This analysis is performed experimentally on three aged samples of 120kV rated polymeric MOSAs manufactured by ABB. Fast fourier transform (FFT) is applied to the acquired resistive leakage current to extract its harmonic parameters. It is found that the fifth harmonic resistive current exhibits similar sensitivity towards ageing as compared to the third harmonic resistive current. Results have shown that the condition assessment based on third harmonic current can easily be replaced with the fifth harmonic current.","PeriodicalId":6768,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"5 1","pages":"382-385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81671908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314407
Kok Hong Wong, Mohd. Zaki bin Daud
Electronic gadgets are more and more demanding nowadays. When the users are difficult to reach the grid or have no charger along with them, aside from conventional power bank, thermoelectric generator (TEG) can be another choice to charge up their electronic gadgets. Most of the TEG can only generates low voltage which is not enough to charge up the electronic gadgets. So, the voltage needs to be stepped up. Boost converter with voltage sensor or switching regulator is considered and both are compared in terms of efficiency performance, stability, and reliability by using software. In low voltage application, a switching regulator is more suitable to be used to step up TEG voltage for charging mobile devices compared with self-constructed boost converter.
{"title":"Thermoelectric Generator for Charging Mobile Devices","authors":"Kok Hong Wong, Mohd. Zaki bin Daud","doi":"10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314407","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic gadgets are more and more demanding nowadays. When the users are difficult to reach the grid or have no charger along with them, aside from conventional power bank, thermoelectric generator (TEG) can be another choice to charge up their electronic gadgets. Most of the TEG can only generates low voltage which is not enough to charge up the electronic gadgets. So, the voltage needs to be stepped up. Boost converter with voltage sensor or switching regulator is considered and both are compared in terms of efficiency performance, stability, and reliability by using software. In low voltage application, a switching regulator is more suitable to be used to step up TEG voltage for charging mobile devices compared with self-constructed boost converter.","PeriodicalId":6768,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"9 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78857973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314592
S. Koyama, M. Mizutani, T. Ohira
This paper proposes compensation scheme to address the power imbalance in twin class-E inverters that allow the combination of radio frequency (RF) output power in parallel. We start with a single class-E inverter with DC current consumption and RF output current formulate in terms of load impedance. We apply the derived formula to twin class-E inverters coupled in parallel and show that an RF output power imbalance can be detected by observing the DC current imbalance. A circuit simulation shows that it is possible to compensate for this power imbalance by adjusting the gate-phase delay. The simulation also shows that this adjustment can be performed automatically by feeding the DC current difference back to the gate-phase shifters. We then use this feedback scheme in a prototype experiment that achieves 490 W output power at 6.78 MHz. We demonstrate the reduction of the DC current imbalance from 10.3% is successfully suppressed down to 0.3% or lower.
{"title":"Power Imbalance Compensation of Parallel Combining Twin Class-E Inverters by DC Current Detection Fed Back to Gate-Signal Phase Control","authors":"S. Koyama, M. Mizutani, T. Ohira","doi":"10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECon48942.2020.9314592","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes compensation scheme to address the power imbalance in twin class-E inverters that allow the combination of radio frequency (RF) output power in parallel. We start with a single class-E inverter with DC current consumption and RF output current formulate in terms of load impedance. We apply the derived formula to twin class-E inverters coupled in parallel and show that an RF output power imbalance can be detected by observing the DC current imbalance. A circuit simulation shows that it is possible to compensate for this power imbalance by adjusting the gate-phase delay. The simulation also shows that this adjustment can be performed automatically by feeding the DC current difference back to the gate-phase shifters. We then use this feedback scheme in a prototype experiment that achieves 490 W output power at 6.78 MHz. We demonstrate the reduction of the DC current imbalance from 10.3% is successfully suppressed down to 0.3% or lower.","PeriodicalId":6768,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"29 1","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76758617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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