The emergence of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) has proven to be useful as a tool or catalyst in many industrial usages such as in biomedical, drug delivery, catalysis, and the environment. Due to its size, MNP has a greater surface area compared to larger particles that makes it more reactive to some other molecules. The highlight of this study is to focus on the usage of MNP on the environmental issue, which related to the discharging of the heavy metal from industrial effluents. Conventionally, the removal of heavy metals from the wastewater stream is by using chemical reactions, electrodialysis, and membrane separation. However, the drawback is expensive due to energy consumption and membrane fouling as well as resulting in the generation of toxic byproducts. Therefore, the aim of this study is to synthesis MNP with a smaller size to entrap heavy metal ions to a complex, thus easily removed by a magnetic drive. The MNP was synthesized using different factors such as temperature (25°C, 50°C, 70°C) and bases (sodium hydroxide; NaOH, potassium hydroxide; KOH, ammonium hydroxide; NH4OH), added into a solution containing iron(II) and iron(III) to obtain different size and morphology. The efficiency of MNP removal was tested on solution containing Cr, Ni and Cu then analyzed using Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The characterization of the MNP was done using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). From the result, 90% of the Cr removal is found to be with the MNP that been synthesized with NH4OH at 70°C. Due to the smallest size (9nm) of the MNP, thus adsorbing more Cr ions. As a conclusion the strong base gives the MNP of lowest dispersion and addition of surfactant provide less adsorption of heavy metal, however stronger resistance to oxidation. This work has provided an insight into the feasibility of the MNP as an alternative method to heavy metal ion removal.The emergence of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) has proven to be useful as a tool or catalyst in many industrial usages such as in biomedical, drug delivery, catalysis, and the environment. Due to its size, MNP has a greater surface area compared to larger particles that makes it more reactive to some other molecules. The highlight of this study is to focus on the usage of MNP on the environmental issue, which related to the discharging of the heavy metal from industrial effluents. Conventionally, the removal of heavy metals from the wastewater stream is by using chemical reactions, electrodialysis, and membrane separation. However, the drawback is expensive due to energy consumption and membrane fouling as well as resulting in the generation of toxic byproducts. Therefore, the aim of this study is to synthesis MNP with a smaller size to entrap heavy metal ions to a complex, thus easily removed by a magnetic drive. The MNP was synthesized using different factors such as temperature (25°C, 50°C, 70°C) and ba...
{"title":"Co-precipitation synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles for efficient removal of heavy metal from synthetic wastewater","authors":"N. A. Yazid, Y. Joon","doi":"10.1063/1.5117079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117079","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) has proven to be useful as a tool or catalyst in many industrial usages such as in biomedical, drug delivery, catalysis, and the environment. Due to its size, MNP has a greater surface area compared to larger particles that makes it more reactive to some other molecules. The highlight of this study is to focus on the usage of MNP on the environmental issue, which related to the discharging of the heavy metal from industrial effluents. Conventionally, the removal of heavy metals from the wastewater stream is by using chemical reactions, electrodialysis, and membrane separation. However, the drawback is expensive due to energy consumption and membrane fouling as well as resulting in the generation of toxic byproducts. Therefore, the aim of this study is to synthesis MNP with a smaller size to entrap heavy metal ions to a complex, thus easily removed by a magnetic drive. The MNP was synthesized using different factors such as temperature (25°C, 50°C, 70°C) and bases (sodium hydroxide; NaOH, potassium hydroxide; KOH, ammonium hydroxide; NH4OH), added into a solution containing iron(II) and iron(III) to obtain different size and morphology. The efficiency of MNP removal was tested on solution containing Cr, Ni and Cu then analyzed using Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The characterization of the MNP was done using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). From the result, 90% of the Cr removal is found to be with the MNP that been synthesized with NH4OH at 70°C. Due to the smallest size (9nm) of the MNP, thus adsorbing more Cr ions. As a conclusion the strong base gives the MNP of lowest dispersion and addition of surfactant provide less adsorption of heavy metal, however stronger resistance to oxidation. This work has provided an insight into the feasibility of the MNP as an alternative method to heavy metal ion removal.The emergence of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) has proven to be useful as a tool or catalyst in many industrial usages such as in biomedical, drug delivery, catalysis, and the environment. Due to its size, MNP has a greater surface area compared to larger particles that makes it more reactive to some other molecules. The highlight of this study is to focus on the usage of MNP on the environmental issue, which related to the discharging of the heavy metal from industrial effluents. Conventionally, the removal of heavy metals from the wastewater stream is by using chemical reactions, electrodialysis, and membrane separation. However, the drawback is expensive due to energy consumption and membrane fouling as well as resulting in the generation of toxic byproducts. Therefore, the aim of this study is to synthesis MNP with a smaller size to entrap heavy metal ions to a complex, thus easily removed by a magnetic drive. The MNP was synthesized using different factors such as temperature (25°C, 50°C, 70°C) and ba...","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78573736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurul Huda Baharuddin, N. M. Sulaiman, M. Aroua, M. Nawawi, M. Kassim, M. Othman, I. Dahlan
Four heavy metals Zn (II), Pb (II), Cr (III) and Cr (VI) were selected in this work was tested through a Polymer Enhanced Ultrafiltration (PEUF) system. The effects of pH, polymer concentration and metal ions feed concentration were the main focus and influenced the performance of PEUF system. A conventional water-soluble polymers was selected, namely polyethylene glycol (PEG), and an unmodified starch as biopolymer is proposed as an alternative binding reagent for four selected metal ions used for heavy metals removal from wastewater. Speciation profiles of Zn (II), Pb (II), Cr (III) and Cr (VI) species were obtained using available software to identify the soluble complexes of Zn (II), Pb (II),Cr (III) and Cr (VI) ions and hydroxides ions (OH−) present in various charged ions, either as anions or cations, at certain pH range. Investigation through experimental works was done using ultrafiltration systems obtained by laboratory ultrafiltration bench scale equipped with 10 kDa polysulfone hollow fiber membrane. The main operating parameter, namely the effects of pH, polymer composition and metal ions concentrations, were significantly affected by the rejection coefficient conducted at constant pressure and flowrate. Unmodified starch and PEG as binding polymers performed complexation interactions due to physical attraction of metal ions to the polymer on the molecular surface with high possibility of chemical occurrence. Rejection values were high at pH 7 for Zn (II) and Cr (III) ions corresponding to higher rejections with unmodified starch. Pb (II) ions obtained high rejections when tested with PEG whenever carried out in mixed metal ions solutions. The rejection of these metal ions by starch in this study is found to be influenced by granule structure that generally behaved in a non-ionic manner.Four heavy metals Zn (II), Pb (II), Cr (III) and Cr (VI) were selected in this work was tested through a Polymer Enhanced Ultrafiltration (PEUF) system. The effects of pH, polymer concentration and metal ions feed concentration were the main focus and influenced the performance of PEUF system. A conventional water-soluble polymers was selected, namely polyethylene glycol (PEG), and an unmodified starch as biopolymer is proposed as an alternative binding reagent for four selected metal ions used for heavy metals removal from wastewater. Speciation profiles of Zn (II), Pb (II), Cr (III) and Cr (VI) species were obtained using available software to identify the soluble complexes of Zn (II), Pb (II),Cr (III) and Cr (VI) ions and hydroxides ions (OH−) present in various charged ions, either as anions or cations, at certain pH range. Investigation through experimental works was done using ultrafiltration systems obtained by laboratory ultrafiltration bench scale equipped with 10 kDa polysulfone hollow fiber mem...
{"title":"Starch as novel water soluble biopolymer in removal mixtures heavy metal ions via polymer enhanced ultrafiltration","authors":"Nurul Huda Baharuddin, N. M. Sulaiman, M. Aroua, M. Nawawi, M. Kassim, M. Othman, I. Dahlan","doi":"10.1063/1.5117134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117134","url":null,"abstract":"Four heavy metals Zn (II), Pb (II), Cr (III) and Cr (VI) were selected in this work was tested through a Polymer Enhanced Ultrafiltration (PEUF) system. The effects of pH, polymer concentration and metal ions feed concentration were the main focus and influenced the performance of PEUF system. A conventional water-soluble polymers was selected, namely polyethylene glycol (PEG), and an unmodified starch as biopolymer is proposed as an alternative binding reagent for four selected metal ions used for heavy metals removal from wastewater. Speciation profiles of Zn (II), Pb (II), Cr (III) and Cr (VI) species were obtained using available software to identify the soluble complexes of Zn (II), Pb (II),Cr (III) and Cr (VI) ions and hydroxides ions (OH−) present in various charged ions, either as anions or cations, at certain pH range. Investigation through experimental works was done using ultrafiltration systems obtained by laboratory ultrafiltration bench scale equipped with 10 kDa polysulfone hollow fiber membrane. The main operating parameter, namely the effects of pH, polymer composition and metal ions concentrations, were significantly affected by the rejection coefficient conducted at constant pressure and flowrate. Unmodified starch and PEG as binding polymers performed complexation interactions due to physical attraction of metal ions to the polymer on the molecular surface with high possibility of chemical occurrence. Rejection values were high at pH 7 for Zn (II) and Cr (III) ions corresponding to higher rejections with unmodified starch. Pb (II) ions obtained high rejections when tested with PEG whenever carried out in mixed metal ions solutions. The rejection of these metal ions by starch in this study is found to be influenced by granule structure that generally behaved in a non-ionic manner.Four heavy metals Zn (II), Pb (II), Cr (III) and Cr (VI) were selected in this work was tested through a Polymer Enhanced Ultrafiltration (PEUF) system. The effects of pH, polymer concentration and metal ions feed concentration were the main focus and influenced the performance of PEUF system. A conventional water-soluble polymers was selected, namely polyethylene glycol (PEG), and an unmodified starch as biopolymer is proposed as an alternative binding reagent for four selected metal ions used for heavy metals removal from wastewater. Speciation profiles of Zn (II), Pb (II), Cr (III) and Cr (VI) species were obtained using available software to identify the soluble complexes of Zn (II), Pb (II),Cr (III) and Cr (VI) ions and hydroxides ions (OH−) present in various charged ions, either as anions or cations, at certain pH range. Investigation through experimental works was done using ultrafiltration systems obtained by laboratory ultrafiltration bench scale equipped with 10 kDa polysulfone hollow fiber mem...","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85426927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Dahlan, H. M. Zwain, Mohd Aliff Omar Seman, Nurul Huda Baharuddin, M. Othman
Large scale production and extensive application of synthetic dyes in the textile industry have caused considerable environmental pollution. The treatment of colored effluents using efficient technologies, are sought after due to this concern. This research evaluates the effectiveness of magnetic adsorbent (MRHA) prepared from rice husk ash (RHA) by a chemical processing method to remove brilliant green (BG) dye from an aqueous medium. The resulting MRHA adsorbents were tested at different initial concentration of 5–400mg/L, adsorbents amount of 0.5–2.3g, shaking rate of 50–300rpm, contact time of 15–120 min, pH of 3–11, and temperature of 27–60 C. A maximum removal of 96.65% was obtained at initial dye concentration of 200mg/L, adsorbents amount of 2g, shaking rate of 150rpm, contact time of 60min, and temperature of 50 C. The fresh and spent MRHA adsorbents were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size distribution. The particle analysis of the fresh and spent adsorbents indicated bimodal pore size of 90 and 900 µm, respectively. The adsorption behavior of the adsorbent followed those of the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. However, Temkin isotherm model displayed the best fit with the coefficient of determination, R2 of 0.811, suggesting a strong interaction, equivalent to that of chemical absorption between BG dye molecules and the surface of MRHA adsorbent for effective removal of BG dye from the aqueous medium. The magnetic character of the adsorbents allowed the spent sample to be isolated successfully and conveniently by using an external magnetic field.Large scale production and extensive application of synthetic dyes in the textile industry have caused considerable environmental pollution. The treatment of colored effluents using efficient technologies, are sought after due to this concern. This research evaluates the effectiveness of magnetic adsorbent (MRHA) prepared from rice husk ash (RHA) by a chemical processing method to remove brilliant green (BG) dye from an aqueous medium. The resulting MRHA adsorbents were tested at different initial concentration of 5–400mg/L, adsorbents amount of 0.5–2.3g, shaking rate of 50–300rpm, contact time of 15–120 min, pH of 3–11, and temperature of 27–60 C. A maximum removal of 96.65% was obtained at initial dye concentration of 200mg/L, adsorbents amount of 2g, shaking rate of 150rpm, contact time of 60min, and temperature of 50 C. The fresh and spent MRHA adsorbents were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size distribution. The particle analysis of the fresh and spent adsorbents ind...
{"title":"Adsorption of brilliant green dye in aqueous medium using magnetic adsorbents prepared from rice husk ash","authors":"I. Dahlan, H. M. Zwain, Mohd Aliff Omar Seman, Nurul Huda Baharuddin, M. Othman","doi":"10.1063/1.5117077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117077","url":null,"abstract":"Large scale production and extensive application of synthetic dyes in the textile industry have caused considerable environmental pollution. The treatment of colored effluents using efficient technologies, are sought after due to this concern. This research evaluates the effectiveness of magnetic adsorbent (MRHA) prepared from rice husk ash (RHA) by a chemical processing method to remove brilliant green (BG) dye from an aqueous medium. The resulting MRHA adsorbents were tested at different initial concentration of 5–400mg/L, adsorbents amount of 0.5–2.3g, shaking rate of 50–300rpm, contact time of 15–120 min, pH of 3–11, and temperature of 27–60 C. A maximum removal of 96.65% was obtained at initial dye concentration of 200mg/L, adsorbents amount of 2g, shaking rate of 150rpm, contact time of 60min, and temperature of 50 C. The fresh and spent MRHA adsorbents were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size distribution. The particle analysis of the fresh and spent adsorbents indicated bimodal pore size of 90 and 900 µm, respectively. The adsorption behavior of the adsorbent followed those of the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. However, Temkin isotherm model displayed the best fit with the coefficient of determination, R2 of 0.811, suggesting a strong interaction, equivalent to that of chemical absorption between BG dye molecules and the surface of MRHA adsorbent for effective removal of BG dye from the aqueous medium. The magnetic character of the adsorbents allowed the spent sample to be isolated successfully and conveniently by using an external magnetic field.Large scale production and extensive application of synthetic dyes in the textile industry have caused considerable environmental pollution. The treatment of colored effluents using efficient technologies, are sought after due to this concern. This research evaluates the effectiveness of magnetic adsorbent (MRHA) prepared from rice husk ash (RHA) by a chemical processing method to remove brilliant green (BG) dye from an aqueous medium. The resulting MRHA adsorbents were tested at different initial concentration of 5–400mg/L, adsorbents amount of 0.5–2.3g, shaking rate of 50–300rpm, contact time of 15–120 min, pH of 3–11, and temperature of 27–60 C. A maximum removal of 96.65% was obtained at initial dye concentration of 200mg/L, adsorbents amount of 2g, shaking rate of 150rpm, contact time of 60min, and temperature of 50 C. The fresh and spent MRHA adsorbents were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size distribution. The particle analysis of the fresh and spent adsorbents ind...","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84570118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Malmakova, N. Kystaubayeva, T. Zharkinbek, M. Myrzakhanov, M. Balabekova, V. Yu
The objective of Research is the target synthesis of azaheterocyclic systems as potential immunomodulators. Encouraging results had been obtained from the biotesting of structures combining the piperidine cycle and the phosphonate fragment in the molecule (where, R=alkoxyalkyl or arylalkyl, A=OH, Ph, fluorophenyl, heteterocyclic moiety, etc). Target piperidine-containing phosphonates (PP) are synthesized quite simply either by nucleophilic addition via the ketone group of piperidone or under the Kabachnik-Fields reaction conditions.The objective of Research is the target synthesis of azaheterocyclic systems as potential immunomodulators. Encouraging results had been obtained from the biotesting of structures combining the piperidine cycle and the phosphonate fragment in the molecule (where, R=alkoxyalkyl or arylalkyl, A=OH, Ph, fluorophenyl, heteterocyclic moiety, etc). Target piperidine-containing phosphonates (PP) are synthesized quite simply either by nucleophilic addition via the ketone group of piperidone or under the Kabachnik-Fields reaction conditions.
{"title":"Piperidine-containing phosphonates as immunоcorrectors","authors":"A. Malmakova, N. Kystaubayeva, T. Zharkinbek, M. Myrzakhanov, M. Balabekova, V. Yu","doi":"10.1063/1.5117135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117135","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of Research is the target synthesis of azaheterocyclic systems as potential immunomodulators. Encouraging results had been obtained from the biotesting of structures combining the piperidine cycle and the phosphonate fragment in the molecule (where, R=alkoxyalkyl or arylalkyl, A=OH, Ph, fluorophenyl, heteterocyclic moiety, etc). Target piperidine-containing phosphonates (PP) are synthesized quite simply either by nucleophilic addition via the ketone group of piperidone or under the Kabachnik-Fields reaction conditions.The objective of Research is the target synthesis of azaheterocyclic systems as potential immunomodulators. Encouraging results had been obtained from the biotesting of structures combining the piperidine cycle and the phosphonate fragment in the molecule (where, R=alkoxyalkyl or arylalkyl, A=OH, Ph, fluorophenyl, heteterocyclic moiety, etc). Target piperidine-containing phosphonates (PP) are synthesized quite simply either by nucleophilic addition via the ketone group of piperidone or under the Kabachnik-Fields reaction conditions.","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83575678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shaarani, N. Mokhtar, Z. Arshad, R. C. Man, S. K. A. Mudalip, S. Z. Sulaiman
Landfill leachate is generally characterized by extremely high concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal-nitrogen, and heavy metals. However, it is also a source of nutrients, which consists of high organic matters such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) that makes it viable as a biofertilizer. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of co-composting leachate with sugarcane bagasse for the production of biofertilizer. In this research, the sugarcane baggase was chosen as it was able to maintain the moisture content for proper composting and stabilize the level of nutrients in the soil. Three different ratios of soil to sugarcane bagasse were applied; V1 (1:0.5), V2 (1:1) and V3 (0.5:1) with the addition of standard amount of leachate. Each of the mixture was introduced with 90 earthworms and the moisture content was maintained at 60%-80% throughout the composting period. HACH Spectrophotometer was utilized to measure the NPK content of the vermicompost. The results indicated that the NPK content of all the ratios increased significantly. The highest NPK content was observed in vermicompost V2 compared to V1 and V3 at the end of the vermicomposting process. The potential of this V2 as a biofertilizer was verified by phytotoxicity assay on the growth of onion plant for 31 days. Based on the phytotoxicity test, V2 showed the highest shoot elongation (28.6 cm) and number of leaves (17) compared to its control counterpart.
{"title":"Co-composting landfill leachate with sugarcane bagasse for biofertilizer production","authors":"S. Shaarani, N. Mokhtar, Z. Arshad, R. C. Man, S. K. A. Mudalip, S. Z. Sulaiman","doi":"10.1063/1.5117092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117092","url":null,"abstract":"Landfill leachate is generally characterized by extremely high concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal-nitrogen, and heavy metals. However, it is also a source of nutrients, which consists of high organic matters such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) that makes it viable as a biofertilizer. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of co-composting leachate with sugarcane bagasse for the production of biofertilizer. In this research, the sugarcane baggase was chosen as it was able to maintain the moisture content for proper composting and stabilize the level of nutrients in the soil. Three different ratios of soil to sugarcane bagasse were applied; V1 (1:0.5), V2 (1:1) and V3 (0.5:1) with the addition of standard amount of leachate. Each of the mixture was introduced with 90 earthworms and the moisture content was maintained at 60%-80% throughout the composting period. HACH Spectrophotometer was utilized to measure the NPK content of the vermicompost. The results indicated that the NPK content of all the ratios increased significantly. The highest NPK content was observed in vermicompost V2 compared to V1 and V3 at the end of the vermicomposting process. The potential of this V2 as a biofertilizer was verified by phytotoxicity assay on the growth of onion plant for 31 days. Based on the phytotoxicity test, V2 showed the highest shoot elongation (28.6 cm) and number of leaves (17) compared to its control counterpart.","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77761614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pineapple leaf waste is a by-product generated after pruning activity at farm sites. Usually, the waste is thrown away and left at the farm sites until it decomposes naturally. One of the possible solutions in handling the pineapple leaf waste is by converting it into animal feeds. Interestingly, feeding dairy cows with pineapple waste significantly increase the production of milk due to its fiber content. Hence, the objective of this project was to convert the pineapple leaf waste into feed pellets for dairy cows. The pineapple leaf waste was collected from Pekan Pina Sdn. Bhd in Pekan, Pahang. The waste was analyzed for its nutritional values (protein, fiber, ash, fat and sugar) using standard AOAC methods before converting into pellets by densification process. The physical properties of pellets such as friability, bulk density, true density, hardness and porosity were determined. From the analysis, the pineapple leaf waste has high fibre content which may help increasing the milk production in dairy cows. The ranges of pellet’s friability, bulk density, true density, hardness and porosity were between 0.71-1.51 %, 300.56-343.33 kg/m3, 1474.33-1513.67 kg/m3, 1.05-3.9 kg/cm2 and 76.71-80.14%, respectively.Pineapple leaf waste is a by-product generated after pruning activity at farm sites. Usually, the waste is thrown away and left at the farm sites until it decomposes naturally. One of the possible solutions in handling the pineapple leaf waste is by converting it into animal feeds. Interestingly, feeding dairy cows with pineapple waste significantly increase the production of milk due to its fiber content. Hence, the objective of this project was to convert the pineapple leaf waste into feed pellets for dairy cows. The pineapple leaf waste was collected from Pekan Pina Sdn. Bhd in Pekan, Pahang. The waste was analyzed for its nutritional values (protein, fiber, ash, fat and sugar) using standard AOAC methods before converting into pellets by densification process. The physical properties of pellets such as friability, bulk density, true density, hardness and porosity were determined. From the analysis, the pineapple leaf waste has high fibre content which may help increasing the milk production in dairy c...
{"title":"Production of dairy cow pellets from pineapple leaf waste","authors":"Norman Buliah, S. Jamek, A. Ajit, R. Abu","doi":"10.1063/1.5117108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117108","url":null,"abstract":"Pineapple leaf waste is a by-product generated after pruning activity at farm sites. Usually, the waste is thrown away and left at the farm sites until it decomposes naturally. One of the possible solutions in handling the pineapple leaf waste is by converting it into animal feeds. Interestingly, feeding dairy cows with pineapple waste significantly increase the production of milk due to its fiber content. Hence, the objective of this project was to convert the pineapple leaf waste into feed pellets for dairy cows. The pineapple leaf waste was collected from Pekan Pina Sdn. Bhd in Pekan, Pahang. The waste was analyzed for its nutritional values (protein, fiber, ash, fat and sugar) using standard AOAC methods before converting into pellets by densification process. The physical properties of pellets such as friability, bulk density, true density, hardness and porosity were determined. From the analysis, the pineapple leaf waste has high fibre content which may help increasing the milk production in dairy cows. The ranges of pellet’s friability, bulk density, true density, hardness and porosity were between 0.71-1.51 %, 300.56-343.33 kg/m3, 1474.33-1513.67 kg/m3, 1.05-3.9 kg/cm2 and 76.71-80.14%, respectively.Pineapple leaf waste is a by-product generated after pruning activity at farm sites. Usually, the waste is thrown away and left at the farm sites until it decomposes naturally. One of the possible solutions in handling the pineapple leaf waste is by converting it into animal feeds. Interestingly, feeding dairy cows with pineapple waste significantly increase the production of milk due to its fiber content. Hence, the objective of this project was to convert the pineapple leaf waste into feed pellets for dairy cows. The pineapple leaf waste was collected from Pekan Pina Sdn. Bhd in Pekan, Pahang. The waste was analyzed for its nutritional values (protein, fiber, ash, fat and sugar) using standard AOAC methods before converting into pellets by densification process. The physical properties of pellets such as friability, bulk density, true density, hardness and porosity were determined. From the analysis, the pineapple leaf waste has high fibre content which may help increasing the milk production in dairy c...","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73018955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface: 6th International Conference on Environment (ICENV 2018)","authors":"ChiehDerek Chan Juinn","doi":"10.1063/1.5117060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80206628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, rubberwood sawdust based activated carbon (RSAC) was produced for the kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the effects of initial dye concentration and contact time, temperature and solution pH on the MB dye removal. The equilibrium data best fit the Langmuir isotherm with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 344.83 mg/g at temperature of 303 K. The kinetic modelling showed that the experimental data followed the pseudo second order model. The thermodynamic data showed that MB dye adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic, and a physisorption reaction.
{"title":"Microwave-assisted rubberwood sawdust based activated carbon for adsorption of methylene blue dye: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies","authors":"A. Khasri, M. A. Ahmad","doi":"10.1063/1.5117082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117082","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, rubberwood sawdust based activated carbon (RSAC) was produced for the kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the effects of initial dye concentration and contact time, temperature and solution pH on the MB dye removal. The equilibrium data best fit the Langmuir isotherm with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 344.83 mg/g at temperature of 303 K. The kinetic modelling showed that the experimental data followed the pseudo second order model. The thermodynamic data showed that MB dye adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic, and a physisorption reaction.","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":"246 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78100134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the effect of variables including ashing temperature (525°C - 625°C), CaO additive (0 - 4 wt%) and blending ratio of rice husk blending (0 – 50 wt%) for the improvement of fusion slagging index of biomass is investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to identify influential factor and predict the interaction between process variables and responses. The results demonstrate that the rice husk blending is the most significant variable for the improvement of fusion slagging index of biomass in comparison with CaO additive and ashing temperature. The optimum parameters for obtaining the highest fusion slagging index of 1470°C were obtained at ashing temperature of 575°C, rice husk blending of 50wt% and without CaO additive.In this study, the effect of variables including ashing temperature (525°C - 625°C), CaO additive (0 - 4 wt%) and blending ratio of rice husk blending (0 – 50 wt%) for the improvement of fusion slagging index of biomass is investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to identify influential factor and predict the interaction between process variables and responses. The results demonstrate that the rice husk blending is the most significant variable for the improvement of fusion slagging index of biomass in comparison with CaO additive and ashing temperature. The optimum parameters for obtaining the highest fusion slagging index of 1470°C were obtained at ashing temperature of 575°C, rice husk blending of 50wt% and without CaO additive.
{"title":"Application of response surface methodology to investigate the effect of different variables on fusion slagging index","authors":"N. Y. Harun, Toh Moau Jian, N. Jusoh, R. Ramli","doi":"10.1063/1.5117093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117093","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of variables including ashing temperature (525°C - 625°C), CaO additive (0 - 4 wt%) and blending ratio of rice husk blending (0 – 50 wt%) for the improvement of fusion slagging index of biomass is investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to identify influential factor and predict the interaction between process variables and responses. The results demonstrate that the rice husk blending is the most significant variable for the improvement of fusion slagging index of biomass in comparison with CaO additive and ashing temperature. The optimum parameters for obtaining the highest fusion slagging index of 1470°C were obtained at ashing temperature of 575°C, rice husk blending of 50wt% and without CaO additive.In this study, the effect of variables including ashing temperature (525°C - 625°C), CaO additive (0 - 4 wt%) and blending ratio of rice husk blending (0 – 50 wt%) for the improvement of fusion slagging index of biomass is investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to identify influential factor and predict the interaction between process variables and responses. The results demonstrate that the rice husk blending is the most significant variable for the improvement of fusion slagging index of biomass in comparison with CaO additive and ashing temperature. The optimum parameters for obtaining the highest fusion slagging index of 1470°C were obtained at ashing temperature of 575°C, rice husk blending of 50wt% and without CaO additive.","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73583839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As widely known, Anammox bacteria can easily undergo starvation due to fluctuation of feed in wastewater treatment plants which mostly were compromised due to the nature of the wastewater composition. Thus, three different types of starvation were studied namely, starvation with ammonium (Ra), with nitrite (Rn), and with hydrazine (Rh). The biomass for starvation test was obtained from an enriched Anammox reactor that has been stably running for 2 years where approximately 94% of nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was achieved before starvation. The amount of ammonium, nitrite and hydrazine added into the starvation reactors were 50 mg/l, 50 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively. Anammox bacteria in Rh showed better results during starvation compared to the other two. First of all, for decay rate after 15 days, the values obtained for Ra, Rn, and Rh were 0.032/day, 0.042/day and 0.019/day, respectively. In addition, the amount of Heme C extracted showed similar pattern when compared to the results of decay rate. The Heme C values obtained for Ra, Rn, and Rh after 15 days of starvation were 0.32 µg/L, 0.25 µg/L and 0.45 µg/L, respectively. This indicated that, availability of hydrazine helps to reduce the mortality rate of Anammox bacteria. To further enhance the finding, the amount of extra polymeric substances (EPS) available in the reactor during starvation was also studied. The PN/PS ratio obtained for Rn, Ra and Rh after 15 days were 7.35, 4.73 and 4.21, respectively. These values are higher compared to normal conditions which are around 0.8 1. This is because; none of the reactors could produce carbohydrates due to starvation process. PN/PS ratio results also show that addition of hydrazine helps reduce the adverse effects of starvation towards Anammox bacteria. Thus, addition of hydrazine reduces the adverse effects of starvation that Anammox bacteria are susceptible to.As widely known, Anammox bacteria can easily undergo starvation due to fluctuation of feed in wastewater treatment plants which mostly were compromised due to the nature of the wastewater composition. Thus, three different types of starvation were studied namely, starvation with ammonium (Ra), with nitrite (Rn), and with hydrazine (Rh). The biomass for starvation test was obtained from an enriched Anammox reactor that has been stably running for 2 years where approximately 94% of nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was achieved before starvation. The amount of ammonium, nitrite and hydrazine added into the starvation reactors were 50 mg/l, 50 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively. Anammox bacteria in Rh showed better results during starvation compared to the other two. First of all, for decay rate after 15 days, the values obtained for Ra, Rn, and Rh were 0.032/day, 0.042/day and 0.019/day, respectively. In addition, the amount of Heme C extracted showed similar pattern when compared to the results of decay rate. ...
{"title":"Study on the effect of external hydrazine addition on Anammox bacteria during the starvation period","authors":"S. Ganesan, V. Vadivelu","doi":"10.1063/1.5117098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117098","url":null,"abstract":"As widely known, Anammox bacteria can easily undergo starvation due to fluctuation of feed in wastewater treatment plants which mostly were compromised due to the nature of the wastewater composition. Thus, three different types of starvation were studied namely, starvation with ammonium (Ra), with nitrite (Rn), and with hydrazine (Rh). The biomass for starvation test was obtained from an enriched Anammox reactor that has been stably running for 2 years where approximately 94% of nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was achieved before starvation. The amount of ammonium, nitrite and hydrazine added into the starvation reactors were 50 mg/l, 50 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively. Anammox bacteria in Rh showed better results during starvation compared to the other two. First of all, for decay rate after 15 days, the values obtained for Ra, Rn, and Rh were 0.032/day, 0.042/day and 0.019/day, respectively. In addition, the amount of Heme C extracted showed similar pattern when compared to the results of decay rate. The Heme C values obtained for Ra, Rn, and Rh after 15 days of starvation were 0.32 µg/L, 0.25 µg/L and 0.45 µg/L, respectively. This indicated that, availability of hydrazine helps to reduce the mortality rate of Anammox bacteria. To further enhance the finding, the amount of extra polymeric substances (EPS) available in the reactor during starvation was also studied. The PN/PS ratio obtained for Rn, Ra and Rh after 15 days were 7.35, 4.73 and 4.21, respectively. These values are higher compared to normal conditions which are around 0.8 1. This is because; none of the reactors could produce carbohydrates due to starvation process. PN/PS ratio results also show that addition of hydrazine helps reduce the adverse effects of starvation towards Anammox bacteria. Thus, addition of hydrazine reduces the adverse effects of starvation that Anammox bacteria are susceptible to.As widely known, Anammox bacteria can easily undergo starvation due to fluctuation of feed in wastewater treatment plants which mostly were compromised due to the nature of the wastewater composition. Thus, three different types of starvation were studied namely, starvation with ammonium (Ra), with nitrite (Rn), and with hydrazine (Rh). The biomass for starvation test was obtained from an enriched Anammox reactor that has been stably running for 2 years where approximately 94% of nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was achieved before starvation. The amount of ammonium, nitrite and hydrazine added into the starvation reactors were 50 mg/l, 50 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively. Anammox bacteria in Rh showed better results during starvation compared to the other two. First of all, for decay rate after 15 days, the values obtained for Ra, Rn, and Rh were 0.032/day, 0.042/day and 0.019/day, respectively. In addition, the amount of Heme C extracted showed similar pattern when compared to the results of decay rate. ...","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84448944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：