For improving gas separation, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) composed of polymeric thin films and inorganic particles have been extensively developed. Although gas separation of polymeric membrane can be enhanced using inorganic particles with gas sieving properties, surface defects such as interfacial void affect their performance regularly. The voids formation is undesirable since it results in the non-selective gas permeation through MMMs. In this work, MMM was further modified with a gas selective sealing agent, ionic liquid (IL) with high CO2 solubility. Polysulfone membrane incorporated with SAPO-34 zeolite was post-impregnated with 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(tri-fluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The effects of IL concentration on the membrane morphology, CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separation were studied. After IL modification as proven by Fourier transform infrared spectra, the interfacial defects of PSf/SAPO-34 membrane disappeared after IL modification as shown in scanning electron microscopic images. PSf/SAPO-34 membrane modified with 0.2M of IL exhibited the highest CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity (40.15 and 35.06. respectively) among all fabricated membranes. Such enhancement in membrane performance could be attributed to the synergetic effect of IL and zeolite-based MMM.For improving gas separation, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) composed of polymeric thin films and inorganic particles have been extensively developed. Although gas separation of polymeric membrane can be enhanced using inorganic particles with gas sieving properties, surface defects such as interfacial void affect their performance regularly. The voids formation is undesirable since it results in the non-selective gas permeation through MMMs. In this work, MMM was further modified with a gas selective sealing agent, ionic liquid (IL) with high CO2 solubility. Polysulfone membrane incorporated with SAPO-34 zeolite was post-impregnated with 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(tri-fluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The effects of IL concentration on the membrane morphology, CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separation were studied. After IL modification as proven by Fourier transform infrared spectra, the interfacial defects of PSf/SAPO-34 membrane disappeared after IL modification as shown in scanning electron microscopic images. PS...
{"title":"Polysulfone/SAPO-34 zeolite membrane impregnated with 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(tri-fluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid for CO2 removal","authors":"Won Huei Ng, N. Ahmad, C. P. Leo, A. Ahmad","doi":"10.1063/1.5117126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117126","url":null,"abstract":"For improving gas separation, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) composed of polymeric thin films and inorganic particles have been extensively developed. Although gas separation of polymeric membrane can be enhanced using inorganic particles with gas sieving properties, surface defects such as interfacial void affect their performance regularly. The voids formation is undesirable since it results in the non-selective gas permeation through MMMs. In this work, MMM was further modified with a gas selective sealing agent, ionic liquid (IL) with high CO2 solubility. Polysulfone membrane incorporated with SAPO-34 zeolite was post-impregnated with 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(tri-fluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The effects of IL concentration on the membrane morphology, CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separation were studied. After IL modification as proven by Fourier transform infrared spectra, the interfacial defects of PSf/SAPO-34 membrane disappeared after IL modification as shown in scanning electron microscopic images. PSf/SAPO-34 membrane modified with 0.2M of IL exhibited the highest CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity (40.15 and 35.06. respectively) among all fabricated membranes. Such enhancement in membrane performance could be attributed to the synergetic effect of IL and zeolite-based MMM.For improving gas separation, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) composed of polymeric thin films and inorganic particles have been extensively developed. Although gas separation of polymeric membrane can be enhanced using inorganic particles with gas sieving properties, surface defects such as interfacial void affect their performance regularly. The voids formation is undesirable since it results in the non-selective gas permeation through MMMs. In this work, MMM was further modified with a gas selective sealing agent, ionic liquid (IL) with high CO2 solubility. Polysulfone membrane incorporated with SAPO-34 zeolite was post-impregnated with 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(tri-fluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The effects of IL concentration on the membrane morphology, CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separation were studied. After IL modification as proven by Fourier transform infrared spectra, the interfacial defects of PSf/SAPO-34 membrane disappeared after IL modification as shown in scanning electron microscopic images. PS...","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80573779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this preliminary work, ordered mesoporous carbon–montmorillonite (OMC–M) composite granules were synthesised and tested for the removal of methylene blue and methyl red. The synthesised OMC–M composite granules were characterised using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscope (EDX), and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analyser. The OMC–M composite granules were bound using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binding agent. The swelling/burst effect of the composite granules in distilled water was investigated using different PVA concentrations, ranging from 1% to 5% (w/v) at different observation times of up to 24 hours. The results indicated that there were no significant changes on the average area (1.85 mm) of the OMC–M composite granules when the PVA binder concentration was increased. OMC–M composite granules with 5% (w/v) PVA displayed removal efficiency of 85% and 65% for methylene blue and methyl red, respectively. The results of this study suggested the potential of applying OMC–M composite granules for the removal of various pollutants from an aqueous solution.In this preliminary work, ordered mesoporous carbon–montmorillonite (OMC–M) composite granules were synthesised and tested for the removal of methylene blue and methyl red. The synthesised OMC–M composite granules were characterised using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscope (EDX), and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analyser. The OMC–M composite granules were bound using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binding agent. The swelling/burst effect of the composite granules in distilled water was investigated using different PVA concentrations, ranging from 1% to 5% (w/v) at different observation times of up to 24 hours. The results indicated that there were no significant changes on the average area (1.85 mm) of the OMC–M composite granules when the PVA binder concentration was increased. OMC–M composite granules with 5% (w/v) PVA displayed removal efficiency of 85% and 65% for methylene blue and methyl red, respectively. The results of this study suggested the pot...
{"title":"Preliminary study on the synthesis of granular ordered mesoporous carbon–montmorillonite composite adsorbents for removal of water pollutants","authors":"M. A. Zulkifli, A. Afandi, A. M. Din","doi":"10.1063/1.5117086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117086","url":null,"abstract":"In this preliminary work, ordered mesoporous carbon–montmorillonite (OMC–M) composite granules were synthesised and tested for the removal of methylene blue and methyl red. The synthesised OMC–M composite granules were characterised using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscope (EDX), and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analyser. The OMC–M composite granules were bound using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binding agent. The swelling/burst effect of the composite granules in distilled water was investigated using different PVA concentrations, ranging from 1% to 5% (w/v) at different observation times of up to 24 hours. The results indicated that there were no significant changes on the average area (1.85 mm) of the OMC–M composite granules when the PVA binder concentration was increased. OMC–M composite granules with 5% (w/v) PVA displayed removal efficiency of 85% and 65% for methylene blue and methyl red, respectively. The results of this study suggested the potential of applying OMC–M composite granules for the removal of various pollutants from an aqueous solution.In this preliminary work, ordered mesoporous carbon–montmorillonite (OMC–M) composite granules were synthesised and tested for the removal of methylene blue and methyl red. The synthesised OMC–M composite granules were characterised using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscope (EDX), and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analyser. The OMC–M composite granules were bound using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binding agent. The swelling/burst effect of the composite granules in distilled water was investigated using different PVA concentrations, ranging from 1% to 5% (w/v) at different observation times of up to 24 hours. The results indicated that there were no significant changes on the average area (1.85 mm) of the OMC–M composite granules when the PVA binder concentration was increased. OMC–M composite granules with 5% (w/v) PVA displayed removal efficiency of 85% and 65% for methylene blue and methyl red, respectively. The results of this study suggested the pot...","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90253445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current waste management is not able to handle the disposal rates due to the growing global population and economic expansion are increasing in Malaysia. The waste is expected to rise to 41,035 tonnes per day by the year 2026. The responsibility for the separating waste is critically lacking. The solid waste composition of Malaysia is made up of 45% of food waste, 24% of plastic, 7% of paper, 6% of iron and glass. This garbage condition is wet and mixed. The moisture content of MSW is about 55.01%. Current practices for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal such as landfill and incineration poses a serious problem on the environment and health. Leachate generated from landfill is polluted liquid and consisted high nitrogen compounds, salts, heavy metal. Incineration generates dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2, together known as NOx). Malaysia has more than 900 rivers have been polluting due to the improper solid waste management. The implementation of the thermal treatment plant (incinerator) in Malaysia was failed due the high cost of the operation. The high moisture content of the waste and a poor technical expertise in maintaining the incinerators caused the failure of the incineration operation. Thus, moisture reduction is needed prior before goes for incineration. Therefore, the current waste management system adopted by incinerator to be made improvement based on Torrefaction for effective energy recovery system. The moisture contents must be decrease to 75% before subjecting to pyrolysis or incineration. The high heating value (HHV) of the MSW is a main impact on the cost of the operation. The implementation of the pyrolysis system can be reduced the total amount of MSW before buried in landfill. The MSW pyrolysis is one of the ideas that has become increasingly in recent years. It can prevent the formation acidic substances and reduce the amount of garbage before sending over to the landfill and save the transportation fuel.
{"title":"A sustainable pyrolysis technology for the treatment of municipal solid waste in Malaysia","authors":"H. S. Chua, M. Bashir, K. Tan, H. S. Chua","doi":"10.1063/1.5117076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117076","url":null,"abstract":"Current waste management is not able to handle the disposal rates due to the growing global population and economic expansion are increasing in Malaysia. The waste is expected to rise to 41,035 tonnes per day by the year 2026. The responsibility for the separating waste is critically lacking. The solid waste composition of Malaysia is made up of 45% of food waste, 24% of plastic, 7% of paper, 6% of iron and glass. This garbage condition is wet and mixed. The moisture content of MSW is about 55.01%. Current practices for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal such as landfill and incineration poses a serious problem on the environment and health. Leachate generated from landfill is polluted liquid and consisted high nitrogen compounds, salts, heavy metal. Incineration generates dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2, together known as NOx). Malaysia has more than 900 rivers have been polluting due to the improper solid waste management. The implementation of the thermal treatment plant (incinerator) in Malaysia was failed due the high cost of the operation. The high moisture content of the waste and a poor technical expertise in maintaining the incinerators caused the failure of the incineration operation. Thus, moisture reduction is needed prior before goes for incineration. Therefore, the current waste management system adopted by incinerator to be made improvement based on Torrefaction for effective energy recovery system. The moisture contents must be decrease to 75% before subjecting to pyrolysis or incineration. The high heating value (HHV) of the MSW is a main impact on the cost of the operation. The implementation of the pyrolysis system can be reduced the total amount of MSW before buried in landfill. The MSW pyrolysis is one of the ideas that has become increasingly in recent years. It can prevent the formation acidic substances and reduce the amount of garbage before sending over to the landfill and save the transportation fuel.","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83386791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Kandasamy, I. Idris, A. Abdullah, I. Shamsudin, L. Law, M. Othman
Interest in productivity improvement of quality fuels from petroleum refinery has been on the rise due to high market demand for these fuels as a result of increasing public concern on health, environment and stricter emission regulations. In Indonesia, the use of high quality fuel such as light petroleum gas (LPG) was promoted to prevent the high mortality rate and morbidity among Indonesian households due to household air pollutants (HAP) that are emitted by kerosene during cooking. There are a variety of options to improve production of the light end cut from which the high quality fuel such as light petroleum gas (LPG) is derived. The first would be by feeding proper selection of crude oil or pre-treated crude into the atmospheric distillation unit (ADU). Second would be by utilizing a new column configuration or design that would allow for the increase in the light end cut. In this presentation, optimizing the LPG yield based on the controllable factors and limitations in the present refinery installation was proposed. The dynamic refinery process of the basic refinery layout was modeled using Aspen Plus. Response surface methodology (RSM) from Design Expert was then employed to optimize the atmospheric distillation operating parameters in order to achieve the maximum LPG yield. Results from this study indicate that the LPG yield was improved from 2.30wt% to 5.17wt% by optimization of the parameters at the refinery conditions of 603K furnace temperature, 33 stages and 1.8% steam to feed ratio. Among the three operating parameters selected in the study, the number of stages was found to be the most significant factor that affected the LPG yield.
{"title":"Optimizing atmospheric distillation unit for maximum light petroleum gas yield and comparative case studies","authors":"V. Kandasamy, I. Idris, A. Abdullah, I. Shamsudin, L. Law, M. Othman","doi":"10.1063/1.5117110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117110","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in productivity improvement of quality fuels from petroleum refinery has been on the rise due to high market demand for these fuels as a result of increasing public concern on health, environment and stricter emission regulations. In Indonesia, the use of high quality fuel such as light petroleum gas (LPG) was promoted to prevent the high mortality rate and morbidity among Indonesian households due to household air pollutants (HAP) that are emitted by kerosene during cooking. There are a variety of options to improve production of the light end cut from which the high quality fuel such as light petroleum gas (LPG) is derived. The first would be by feeding proper selection of crude oil or pre-treated crude into the atmospheric distillation unit (ADU). Second would be by utilizing a new column configuration or design that would allow for the increase in the light end cut. In this presentation, optimizing the LPG yield based on the controllable factors and limitations in the present refinery installation was proposed. The dynamic refinery process of the basic refinery layout was modeled using Aspen Plus. Response surface methodology (RSM) from Design Expert was then employed to optimize the atmospheric distillation operating parameters in order to achieve the maximum LPG yield. Results from this study indicate that the LPG yield was improved from 2.30wt% to 5.17wt% by optimization of the parameters at the refinery conditions of 603K furnace temperature, 33 stages and 1.8% steam to feed ratio. Among the three operating parameters selected in the study, the number of stages was found to be the most significant factor that affected the LPG yield.","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77044218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Membrane distillation (MD) is an attractive separation process since it can be used to recover water with nearly 100 % non-volatile rejection. MD is also considered to be environmentally friendly since the waste heat at low temperature or the solar energy heat can be used for the separation. Despite of having these great features, MD has not been widely used for commercial purpose up to date. The hindrance factors include the lack of commercially available membrane that tailored for MD, the low permeation flux as well as operational issues especially membrane wetting and fouling. In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles were modified using hydrophobic silane to enhance the permeate flux and to reduce membrane wetting. The polymer loading was varied in the range of 13 – 16 wt% to form thin membranes on woven support via dual bath coagulation. This coagulation technique produced membranes with spongy structure and rough surface. The dry membrane was modified by using low surface energy silane, tridecafluro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl triethoxysilane. TiO2 nanoparticles embedded on membranes provided the active site for silane modification process. All the membranes possess superhydrophobic surface with water contact angle beyond 160 °. The increment of polymer loading reduced the average pore size from 0.41±0.01 µm (13 wt%) to 0.34 ± 0.04 µm (16 wt%). Aside from that, the membrane porosity was reduced while membrane thickness was increased with the increasing polymer loading in dope solution. After 8 h of MD operation, the modified PVDF/TiO2 membrane with 13 wt% polymer loading in dope solution showed the highest permeation flux. The membrane with large pore size, high porosity, low thickness and great hydrophobicity is preferable in MD.Membrane distillation (MD) is an attractive separation process since it can be used to recover water with nearly 100 % non-volatile rejection. MD is also considered to be environmentally friendly since the waste heat at low temperature or the solar energy heat can be used for the separation. Despite of having these great features, MD has not been widely used for commercial purpose up to date. The hindrance factors include the lack of commercially available membrane that tailored for MD, the low permeation flux as well as operational issues especially membrane wetting and fouling. In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles were modified using hydrophobic silane to enhance the permeate flux and to reduce membrane wetting. The polymer loading was varied in the range of 13 – 16 wt% to form thin membranes on woven support via dual bath coagulation. This coagulation technique produced membranes with spongy structure and rough surface. The dry membrane was modifie...
{"title":"Effect of polymer loading on superhydrophobic PVDF/TiO2 supported membrane for membrane distillation","authors":"N. Hamzah, C. P. Leo, B. .. Ooi","doi":"10.1063/1.5117127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117127","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane distillation (MD) is an attractive separation process since it can be used to recover water with nearly 100 % non-volatile rejection. MD is also considered to be environmentally friendly since the waste heat at low temperature or the solar energy heat can be used for the separation. Despite of having these great features, MD has not been widely used for commercial purpose up to date. The hindrance factors include the lack of commercially available membrane that tailored for MD, the low permeation flux as well as operational issues especially membrane wetting and fouling. In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles were modified using hydrophobic silane to enhance the permeate flux and to reduce membrane wetting. The polymer loading was varied in the range of 13 – 16 wt% to form thin membranes on woven support via dual bath coagulation. This coagulation technique produced membranes with spongy structure and rough surface. The dry membrane was modified by using low surface energy silane, tridecafluro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl triethoxysilane. TiO2 nanoparticles embedded on membranes provided the active site for silane modification process. All the membranes possess superhydrophobic surface with water contact angle beyond 160 °. The increment of polymer loading reduced the average pore size from 0.41±0.01 µm (13 wt%) to 0.34 ± 0.04 µm (16 wt%). Aside from that, the membrane porosity was reduced while membrane thickness was increased with the increasing polymer loading in dope solution. After 8 h of MD operation, the modified PVDF/TiO2 membrane with 13 wt% polymer loading in dope solution showed the highest permeation flux. The membrane with large pore size, high porosity, low thickness and great hydrophobicity is preferable in MD.Membrane distillation (MD) is an attractive separation process since it can be used to recover water with nearly 100 % non-volatile rejection. MD is also considered to be environmentally friendly since the waste heat at low temperature or the solar energy heat can be used for the separation. Despite of having these great features, MD has not been widely used for commercial purpose up to date. The hindrance factors include the lack of commercially available membrane that tailored for MD, the low permeation flux as well as operational issues especially membrane wetting and fouling. In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles were modified using hydrophobic silane to enhance the permeate flux and to reduce membrane wetting. The polymer loading was varied in the range of 13 – 16 wt% to form thin membranes on woven support via dual bath coagulation. This coagulation technique produced membranes with spongy structure and rough surface. The dry membrane was modifie...","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74995604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Abdul-Halim, N. F. Shoparwe, S. Weng, N. Zulkefeli
The ability of the synthesized CTA-Aliquat 336 Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) for removing heavy metal ions (Cd2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+) from aqueous solution were investigated. This study provides important kinetic data necessary for adsorption of different heavy metal ions on CTA-Aliquat 336 PIMs. The kinetic studies were evaluated by simulating the data using Legergren first order kinetics model. The uptake kinetic of Cd(II), Zn(II) and Fe(II) in PIMs containing different concentration of Aliquat for various duration was quantified. The maximum adsorption uptake of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ were found to be 7.4, 6.7 and 1.7 mg/g respectively after 2 hours at the 50 wt.% of Aliquat 336 concentration. In the absence of Aliquat 336, there is no significant metal uptake in CTA-Aliquat 336 PIMs which can served as an effective barrier to ion permeation.
{"title":"Heavy metal ions adsorption from CTA-aliquat 336 polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs): Experimental and kinetic study","authors":"N. Abdul-Halim, N. F. Shoparwe, S. Weng, N. Zulkefeli","doi":"10.1063/1.5117074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117074","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of the synthesized CTA-Aliquat 336 Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) for removing heavy metal ions (Cd2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+) from aqueous solution were investigated. This study provides important kinetic data necessary for adsorption of different heavy metal ions on CTA-Aliquat 336 PIMs. The kinetic studies were evaluated by simulating the data using Legergren first order kinetics model. The uptake kinetic of Cd(II), Zn(II) and Fe(II) in PIMs containing different concentration of Aliquat for various duration was quantified. The maximum adsorption uptake of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ were found to be 7.4, 6.7 and 1.7 mg/g respectively after 2 hours at the 50 wt.% of Aliquat 336 concentration. In the absence of Aliquat 336, there is no significant metal uptake in CTA-Aliquat 336 PIMs which can served as an effective barrier to ion permeation.","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73907063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incorporation of inorganic nanomaterials into polymer matrix can result a wide range of property enhancement. Hence, mixed matrix membranes composed of polymeric thin film and well-dispersed nanoparticles have been extensively studied in CO2 separation. In this work, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) with amino functionality was incorporated into polysulfone (PSf) membrane. After phase inversion, PSf/POSS membrane was impregnated with the gas selective ionic liquid (IL), [emim][TF2N] to enhance CO2 separation. was further used to modify the membrane after the phase inversion process. The membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The SEM images showed that the POSS particles were well distributed on the membrane surface without interfacial defects due to their compatibility with the polymer. However, the large nanocage structure of POSS allow gas permeation without much selectivity. After incorporating IL as proven in EDX results, PSf/POSS-IL exhibited an increment about 454 % and 430 % in CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity, respectively.The incorporation of inorganic nanomaterials into polymer matrix can result a wide range of property enhancement. Hence, mixed matrix membranes composed of polymeric thin film and well-dispersed nanoparticles have been extensively studied in CO2 separation. In this work, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) with amino functionality was incorporated into polysulfone (PSf) membrane. After phase inversion, PSf/POSS membrane was impregnated with the gas selective ionic liquid (IL), [emim][TF2N] to enhance CO2 separation. was further used to modify the membrane after the phase inversion process. The membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The SEM images showed that the POSS particles were well distributed on the membrane surface without interfacial defects due to their compatibility with the polymer. However, the large nanocage structure of POSS allow gas permeation without much...
{"title":"Polysulfone-POSS membrane impregnated with ionic liquid for CO2 gas separation","authors":"N. Ahmad, Nur Tan, C. P. Leo, A. Ahmad","doi":"10.1063/1.5117128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117128","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of inorganic nanomaterials into polymer matrix can result a wide range of property enhancement. Hence, mixed matrix membranes composed of polymeric thin film and well-dispersed nanoparticles have been extensively studied in CO2 separation. In this work, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) with amino functionality was incorporated into polysulfone (PSf) membrane. After phase inversion, PSf/POSS membrane was impregnated with the gas selective ionic liquid (IL), [emim][TF2N] to enhance CO2 separation. was further used to modify the membrane after the phase inversion process. The membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The SEM images showed that the POSS particles were well distributed on the membrane surface without interfacial defects due to their compatibility with the polymer. However, the large nanocage structure of POSS allow gas permeation without much selectivity. After incorporating IL as proven in EDX results, PSf/POSS-IL exhibited an increment about 454 % and 430 % in CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity, respectively.The incorporation of inorganic nanomaterials into polymer matrix can result a wide range of property enhancement. Hence, mixed matrix membranes composed of polymeric thin film and well-dispersed nanoparticles have been extensively studied in CO2 separation. In this work, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) with amino functionality was incorporated into polysulfone (PSf) membrane. After phase inversion, PSf/POSS membrane was impregnated with the gas selective ionic liquid (IL), [emim][TF2N] to enhance CO2 separation. was further used to modify the membrane after the phase inversion process. The membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The SEM images showed that the POSS particles were well distributed on the membrane surface without interfacial defects due to their compatibility with the polymer. However, the large nanocage structure of POSS allow gas permeation without much...","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74468795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food wastes are the most abundant waste available in Malaysia. Based on current households’ number of 7.67 million and a food waste generation rate of 0.54 kg/day per household [1], the amount of food waste generated is about 1.51 million tons/year. It is normally disposed of together with the municipal solid waste in a sanitary or non-sanitary landfill and incinerated without any recycle efforts. The dispose food wastes have high nutrient content that may be used as a fermentation substrate to produce other value-added product. However, the composition of daily collected food waste may vary and affect the fermentation performance and product quality. Moreover, limited information about its nutrients content from various sources can be found. Hence, this study aims to examine the extent of variation in the nutrients content of food wastes collected from different sources and also to evaluate the effect of hydrothermal pre-treatment on the nutrients composition of food wastes. Food wastes were collected randomly from the university’s cafe, Indian and Chinese restaurants, morning and night markets, and also from a household. It was then sorted, weighed, crushed and blended before further characterization. Food wastes from university’s cafe were then hydrothermal pre-treated at 120°C for 75 min at a food waste to water ratio of 1:2. Total solid and volatile solid contents and moisture content of various untreated and pre-treated food wastes were analyzed by Standard Method, while the composition of lipid was determined by Bligh & Dyer method. Protein and carbohydrate contents were determined by Bradford method and Phenol-sulphuric Acid method, respectively. Research outcomes showed huge nutrient variation between food wastes from different sources, which may due to the variation in the nature of the sources. Hydrothermal pre-treatment has reduced the total solid and volatile solid contents (32% and 24%, respectively) and maintained the amount of lipid content in the food wastes. Besides, the key media of fermentation which is the protein and carbohydrate contents were found increased by 107% and 152%, respectively in the pre-treated hydrolysate. The results showed that the hydrothermal pre-treated food waste can be used either as a feed medium or a supplemental medium for the fermentation process. Nevertheless, further investigation for controlling the composition in food wastes is needed if consistent nutrient contents are required. The results obtained in this study could be used as the foundation for further study in valorizing food waste for a better application.Food wastes are the most abundant waste available in Malaysia. Based on current households’ number of 7.67 million and a food waste generation rate of 0.54 kg/day per household [1], the amount of food waste generated is about 1.51 million tons/year. It is normally disposed of together with the municipal solid waste in a sanitary or non-sanitary landfill and incinerated without any recycl
{"title":"Nutrients content of food wastes from different sources and its pre-treatment","authors":"G. K. Chua, F. Tan, F. N. Chew, A. R. Mohd-Hairul","doi":"10.1063/1.5117091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117091","url":null,"abstract":"Food wastes are the most abundant waste available in Malaysia. Based on current households’ number of 7.67 million and a food waste generation rate of 0.54 kg/day per household [1], the amount of food waste generated is about 1.51 million tons/year. It is normally disposed of together with the municipal solid waste in a sanitary or non-sanitary landfill and incinerated without any recycle efforts. The dispose food wastes have high nutrient content that may be used as a fermentation substrate to produce other value-added product. However, the composition of daily collected food waste may vary and affect the fermentation performance and product quality. Moreover, limited information about its nutrients content from various sources can be found. Hence, this study aims to examine the extent of variation in the nutrients content of food wastes collected from different sources and also to evaluate the effect of hydrothermal pre-treatment on the nutrients composition of food wastes. Food wastes were collected randomly from the university’s cafe, Indian and Chinese restaurants, morning and night markets, and also from a household. It was then sorted, weighed, crushed and blended before further characterization. Food wastes from university’s cafe were then hydrothermal pre-treated at 120°C for 75 min at a food waste to water ratio of 1:2. Total solid and volatile solid contents and moisture content of various untreated and pre-treated food wastes were analyzed by Standard Method, while the composition of lipid was determined by Bligh & Dyer method. Protein and carbohydrate contents were determined by Bradford method and Phenol-sulphuric Acid method, respectively. Research outcomes showed huge nutrient variation between food wastes from different sources, which may due to the variation in the nature of the sources. Hydrothermal pre-treatment has reduced the total solid and volatile solid contents (32% and 24%, respectively) and maintained the amount of lipid content in the food wastes. Besides, the key media of fermentation which is the protein and carbohydrate contents were found increased by 107% and 152%, respectively in the pre-treated hydrolysate. The results showed that the hydrothermal pre-treated food waste can be used either as a feed medium or a supplemental medium for the fermentation process. Nevertheless, further investigation for controlling the composition in food wastes is needed if consistent nutrient contents are required. The results obtained in this study could be used as the foundation for further study in valorizing food waste for a better application.Food wastes are the most abundant waste available in Malaysia. Based on current households’ number of 7.67 million and a food waste generation rate of 0.54 kg/day per household [1], the amount of food waste generated is about 1.51 million tons/year. It is normally disposed of together with the municipal solid waste in a sanitary or non-sanitary landfill and incinerated without any recycl","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85559339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical precipitation method utilizing calcium salts has been extensively used to treat fluoride-containing wastewater from semiconductors industries. Aim of this paper it to investigate the coagulation behavior of calcium salts (CaCl2), aluminium salts (PACl) and polymer by using dynamic light scattering technique that is applied as an alternative methodology to pre-determine the optimum pH and dosage range. The stability and behavior of the wastewater sample and coagulants were studied in terms of zeta potential and z-average hydrodynamic diameter profiles as a function of pH (pH 2 to 12). It is observed that optimum pH range and dosage range for fluoride-containing wastewater, CaCl2, and PACl were at pH 9, pH 5 with 3 mg/L CaCl2, and pH 7 with 1 mg/L PACl, respectively. This condition is followed by the addition of polymer which act as a flocculant at three different pH regimes; pH below than pHPZC (pH pHPZC). Experimental results indicated that addition of polymer at pH=pHPZC (CaF2/PACl at pH 5) and dosage of 2 mg/L promotes the biggest size of z-average hydrodynamic diameter of the particles which is 4500±0.9 d.nm with zeta potential value of 0.2±0.1 mV. Therefore from this study proved that pH adjustment played an important roles during coagulation and flocculation process especially in aggregation or disaggregation of the particles.Chemical precipitation method utilizing calcium salts has been extensively used to treat fluoride-containing wastewater from semiconductors industries. Aim of this paper it to investigate the coagulation behavior of calcium salts (CaCl2), aluminium salts (PACl) and polymer by using dynamic light scattering technique that is applied as an alternative methodology to pre-determine the optimum pH and dosage range. The stability and behavior of the wastewater sample and coagulants were studied in terms of zeta potential and z-average hydrodynamic diameter profiles as a function of pH (pH 2 to 12). It is observed that optimum pH range and dosage range for fluoride-containing wastewater, CaCl2, and PACl were at pH 9, pH 5 with 3 mg/L CaCl2, and pH 7 with 1 mg/L PACl, respectively. This condition is followed by the addition of polymer which act as a flocculant at three different pH regimes; pH below than pHPZC (pH pHPZC). Experimental results indicated that a...
{"title":"Evaluation of zeta potential and particle size measurements of multiple coagulants in semiconductor wastewater","authors":"N. M. Zuki, Norli Ismail, F. M. Omar","doi":"10.1063/1.5117096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117096","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical precipitation method utilizing calcium salts has been extensively used to treat fluoride-containing wastewater from semiconductors industries. Aim of this paper it to investigate the coagulation behavior of calcium salts (CaCl2), aluminium salts (PACl) and polymer by using dynamic light scattering technique that is applied as an alternative methodology to pre-determine the optimum pH and dosage range. The stability and behavior of the wastewater sample and coagulants were studied in terms of zeta potential and z-average hydrodynamic diameter profiles as a function of pH (pH 2 to 12). It is observed that optimum pH range and dosage range for fluoride-containing wastewater, CaCl2, and PACl were at pH 9, pH 5 with 3 mg/L CaCl2, and pH 7 with 1 mg/L PACl, respectively. This condition is followed by the addition of polymer which act as a flocculant at three different pH regimes; pH below than pHPZC (pH pHPZC). Experimental results indicated that addition of polymer at pH=pHPZC (CaF2/PACl at pH 5) and dosage of 2 mg/L promotes the biggest size of z-average hydrodynamic diameter of the particles which is 4500±0.9 d.nm with zeta potential value of 0.2±0.1 mV. Therefore from this study proved that pH adjustment played an important roles during coagulation and flocculation process especially in aggregation or disaggregation of the particles.Chemical precipitation method utilizing calcium salts has been extensively used to treat fluoride-containing wastewater from semiconductors industries. Aim of this paper it to investigate the coagulation behavior of calcium salts (CaCl2), aluminium salts (PACl) and polymer by using dynamic light scattering technique that is applied as an alternative methodology to pre-determine the optimum pH and dosage range. The stability and behavior of the wastewater sample and coagulants were studied in terms of zeta potential and z-average hydrodynamic diameter profiles as a function of pH (pH 2 to 12). It is observed that optimum pH range and dosage range for fluoride-containing wastewater, CaCl2, and PACl were at pH 9, pH 5 with 3 mg/L CaCl2, and pH 7 with 1 mg/L PACl, respectively. This condition is followed by the addition of polymer which act as a flocculant at three different pH regimes; pH below than pHPZC (pH pHPZC). Experimental results indicated that a...","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83957399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Ahmad, Muhammad Aswar Eusoff, M. Khan, A. Khasri
The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye onto passion fruit peel based activated carbon (PFPAC) was investigated in a batch study. Passion fruit peel undergoes physical activation process which involves microwave irradiation and carbon dioxide gasification to prepare PFPAC. The optimum preparation conditions were obtained from response surface methodology (RSM) at radiation power and activation time of 616 W and 6.24 minutes, respectively which resulted in 85.66% MB removal and 39.9% PFPAC yield. Optimized PFPAC has high surface area, pore volume and fixed carbon content and average pore diameter of 782.3 m2/g, 0.422 cm3/g and 0.295 nm, respectively. Freundlich isotherm model fitted well the adsorption equilibrium data. The adsorption kinetic was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye onto passion fruit peel based activated carbon (PFPAC) was investigated in a batch study. Passion fruit peel undergoes physical activation process which involves microwave irradiation and carbon dioxide gasification to prepare PFPAC. The optimum preparation conditions were obtained from response surface methodology (RSM) at radiation power and activation time of 616 W and 6.24 minutes, respectively which resulted in 85.66% MB removal and 39.9% PFPAC yield. Optimized PFPAC has high surface area, pore volume and fixed carbon content and average pore diameter of 782.3 m2/g, 0.422 cm3/g and 0.295 nm, respectively. Freundlich isotherm model fitted well the adsorption equilibrium data. The adsorption kinetic was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
{"title":"Microwave-assisted activated carbon from passion fruit peel for methylene blue dye removal","authors":"M. A. Ahmad, Muhammad Aswar Eusoff, M. Khan, A. Khasri","doi":"10.1063/1.5117141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117141","url":null,"abstract":"The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye onto passion fruit peel based activated carbon (PFPAC) was investigated in a batch study. Passion fruit peel undergoes physical activation process which involves microwave irradiation and carbon dioxide gasification to prepare PFPAC. The optimum preparation conditions were obtained from response surface methodology (RSM) at radiation power and activation time of 616 W and 6.24 minutes, respectively which resulted in 85.66% MB removal and 39.9% PFPAC yield. Optimized PFPAC has high surface area, pore volume and fixed carbon content and average pore diameter of 782.3 m2/g, 0.422 cm3/g and 0.295 nm, respectively. Freundlich isotherm model fitted well the adsorption equilibrium data. The adsorption kinetic was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye onto passion fruit peel based activated carbon (PFPAC) was investigated in a batch study. Passion fruit peel undergoes physical activation process which involves microwave irradiation and carbon dioxide gasification to prepare PFPAC. The optimum preparation conditions were obtained from response surface methodology (RSM) at radiation power and activation time of 616 W and 6.24 minutes, respectively which resulted in 85.66% MB removal and 39.9% PFPAC yield. Optimized PFPAC has high surface area, pore volume and fixed carbon content and average pore diameter of 782.3 m2/g, 0.422 cm3/g and 0.295 nm, respectively. Freundlich isotherm model fitted well the adsorption equilibrium data. The adsorption kinetic was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.","PeriodicalId":6836,"journal":{"name":"6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78114247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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