Najib Ghadri, K. M. Anderson, Pradeep Adatrow, S. Stein, H. Su, F. García-Godoy, A. Karydis, J. Bumgardner
Chitosan nanofiber membranes have been known to have a high degree of biocompatibility and support new bone formation with controllable biodegradation. The surface area of these membranes may allow them to serve as local delivery carriers for different biologic mediators. Simvastatin, a drug commonly used for lowering cholesterol, has demonstrated promising bone regenerative capability. The aim of this study was to evaluate simvastatin loaded chitosan nanofiber membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) applications and their ability to enhance bone formation in rat calvarial defects. Nanofibrous chitosan membranes with random fiber orientation were fabricated by electrospinning technique and loaded with 0.25 mg of simvastatin under sterile conditions. One membrane was implanted subperiosteally to cover an 8 mm diameter critical size calvarial defect. Two groups: 1) Control: non-loaded chitosan membranes; 2) Experimental: chitosan membranes loaded with 0.25 mg of simvastatin were evaluated histologically and via micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for bone formation at 4 and 8 weeks time points (n = 5/group per time point). Both groups exhibited good biocompatibility with only mild or moderate inflammatory response during the healing process. Histologic and micro-CT evaluations confirmed bone formation in calvarial defects as early as 4 weeks using control and experimental membranes. In addition, newly-formed bony bridges consolidating calvarial defects histologically along with partial radiographic defect coverage were observed at 8 weeks in both groups. Although control and experimental groups demonstrated no significant statistical differences in results of bone formation, biodegradable chitosan nanofiber membranes loaded with simvastatin showed a promising regenerative potential as a barrier material for guided bone regeneration applications.
{"title":"Evaluation of Bone Regeneration of Simvastatin Loaded Chitosan Nanofiber Membranes in Rodent Calvarial Defects","authors":"Najib Ghadri, K. M. Anderson, Pradeep Adatrow, S. Stein, H. Su, F. García-Godoy, A. Karydis, J. Bumgardner","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2018.92012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2018.92012","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan nanofiber membranes have been known to have a high degree of biocompatibility and support new bone formation with controllable biodegradation. The surface area of these membranes may allow them to serve as local delivery carriers for different biologic mediators. Simvastatin, a drug commonly used for lowering cholesterol, has demonstrated promising bone regenerative capability. The aim of this study was to evaluate simvastatin loaded chitosan nanofiber membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) applications and their ability to enhance bone formation in rat calvarial defects. Nanofibrous chitosan membranes with random fiber orientation were fabricated by electrospinning technique and loaded with 0.25 mg of simvastatin under sterile conditions. One membrane was implanted subperiosteally to cover an 8 mm diameter critical size calvarial defect. Two groups: 1) Control: non-loaded chitosan membranes; 2) Experimental: chitosan membranes loaded with 0.25 mg of simvastatin were evaluated histologically and via micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for bone formation at 4 and 8 weeks time points (n = 5/group per time point). Both groups exhibited good biocompatibility with only mild or moderate inflammatory response during the healing process. Histologic and micro-CT evaluations confirmed bone formation in calvarial defects as early as 4 weeks using control and experimental membranes. In addition, newly-formed bony bridges consolidating calvarial defects histologically along with partial radiographic defect coverage were observed at 8 weeks in both groups. Although control and experimental groups demonstrated no significant statistical differences in results of bone formation, biodegradable chitosan nanofiber membranes loaded with simvastatin showed a promising regenerative potential as a barrier material for guided bone regeneration applications.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"210-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41444686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A trilogy review, based on more than 300 references, is used to underline three challenges facing 1) the supply of sustainable, durable and protected biosourced ingredients such as lipids, 2) the accounting for valuable bio-by-products, such as whey proteins that have added-value potential removing their environmental weight and 3) the practical reliable synthetic biology and evolutionary engineering that already serve as a technology and science basis to expand from, such as for biopolymer growth. Bioresources, which are the major topic of this review, must provide answers to several major challenges related to health, food, energy or chemistry of tomorrow. They offer a wide range of ingredients which are available in trees, plants, grasses, vegetables, algae, milk, food wastes, animal manures and other organic wastes. Researches in this domain must be oriented towards a bio-sustainable-economy based on new valuations of the potential of those renewable biological resources. This will aim at the substitution of fossil raw materials with renewable raw materials to ensure the sustainability of industrial processes by providing bioproducts through innovative processes using for instance micro-organisms and enzymes (the so-called white biotechnology). The final stage objective is to manufacture high value-added products gifted with the right set of physical, chemical and biological properties leading to particularly innovative applications. In this review, three examples are considered in a green context open innovation and bigger data environment. Two of them (lipids antioxidants and milk proteins) concern food industry while the third (biomonomers and corresponding bioplastics and derivatives) relates to biomaterials industry. Lipids play a crucial role in the food industry, but they are chemically unstable and very sensitive to atmospheric oxidation which leads to the formation of numerous by-compounds which have adverse effects on lipids quality attributes and on the nutritive value of meat. To overcome this problem, natural antioxidants, with a positive impact on the safety and acceptability of the food system, have been discovered and evaluated. In the same context, milk proteins and their derivatives are of great interest. They can be modified by enzymatic means leading to the formation of by-products that are able to increase their functionality and possible applications. They can also produce bioactive peptides, a field with almost unlimited research potential. On the other hand, biosourced chemicals and materials, mainly biomonomers and biopolymers, are already produced today. Metabolic engineering tools and strategies to engineer synthetic enzyme pathways are developed to manufacture, from renewable feedstocks, with high yields, a number of monomer building-block chemicals that can be used to produce replacements to many conventional plastic materials. Through those three examples this review aims to highlight recent and important advance
{"title":"Paving the High-Way to Sustainable, Value Adding Open-Innovation Integrating Bigger-Data Challenges: Three Examples from Bio-Ingredients to Robust Durable Applications of Electrochemical Impacts","authors":"S. Ortega-Requena, S. Rebouillat, F. Pla","doi":"10.4236/jbnb.2018.92010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbnb.2018.92010","url":null,"abstract":"A trilogy review, based on more than 300 references, is used to underline three challenges facing 1) the supply of sustainable, durable and protected biosourced ingredients such as lipids, 2) the accounting for valuable bio-by-products, such as whey proteins that have added-value potential removing their environmental weight and 3) the practical reliable synthetic biology and evolutionary engineering that already serve as a technology and science basis to expand from, such as for biopolymer growth. Bioresources, which are the major topic of this review, must provide answers to several major challenges related to health, food, energy or chemistry of tomorrow. They offer a wide range of ingredients which are available in trees, plants, grasses, vegetables, algae, milk, food wastes, animal manures and other organic wastes. Researches in this domain must be oriented towards a bio-sustainable-economy based on new valuations of the potential of those renewable biological resources. This will aim at the substitution of fossil raw materials with renewable raw materials to ensure the sustainability of industrial processes by providing bioproducts through innovative processes using for instance micro-organisms and enzymes (the so-called white biotechnology). The final stage objective is to manufacture high value-added products gifted with the right set of physical, chemical and biological properties leading to particularly innovative applications. In this review, three examples are considered in a green context open innovation and bigger data environment. Two of them (lipids antioxidants and milk proteins) concern food industry while the third (biomonomers and corresponding bioplastics and derivatives) relates to biomaterials industry. Lipids play a crucial role in the food industry, but they are chemically unstable and very sensitive to atmospheric oxidation which leads to the formation of numerous by-compounds which have adverse effects on lipids quality attributes and on the nutritive value of meat. To overcome this problem, natural antioxidants, with a positive impact on the safety and acceptability of the food system, have been discovered and evaluated. In the same context, milk proteins and their derivatives are of great interest. They can be modified by enzymatic means leading to the formation of by-products that are able to increase their functionality and possible applications. They can also produce bioactive peptides, a field with almost unlimited research potential. On the other hand, biosourced chemicals and materials, mainly biomonomers and biopolymers, are already produced today. Metabolic engineering tools and strategies to engineer synthetic enzyme pathways are developed to manufacture, from renewable feedstocks, with high yields, a number of monomer building-block chemicals that can be used to produce replacements to many conventional plastic materials. Through those three examples this review aims to highlight recent and important advance","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"117-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46041489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engineered Biofluids are paving the way to industrialized and specifically produced and tailored functional fluids such as coolant and dielectric, high purity traceable media, for the electrical and electronic industries. Dielectric fluid compositions are commonly used in electrical devices, particularly in transformers. These liquids have the aim to isolate the various conductive elements of the device and to limit the heating of the equipment during its operation; in order to minimize, or maintain at higher power, the size of the device and to increase the lifespan of it. Concomitantly a number of bio and traditional processing advancements are made associated with pioneering process technologies which are outlined within the prime context of this paper. Enzyme Engineering and Cocktailing add “A New Dimension to Softer Greener Chem-Bio Approaches” which are referenced beyond curiosity purpose. Some of them are possibly “revolutionary” more than evolutionary. Testing has to evolve accordingly to appreciate the challenges ahead in semi-extreme conditions which are relevant to climate changes as well. A significant part of this orientation work addresses and exemplifies these necessary testing innovations, likely adaptable to smart and responsive connecting, and further down the line bigger data role and learning machine evolutionary concepts. One other innovative part of this exploratory work, is the influence that such illustrative localized testing, with integrated sensors/induced-tracers, and online interpretation, may have on the smart grid developments; whereby production, transmission, distribution and consumption of energy can be made more reliable, more effective and more predictive and can also have an impact on the performance, reliability and sustainability of the equipment itself. Those technologies and associated testing can support environmental, technological and societal awareness; helping to revert some trends being climate changes, fossil fuel preservation and other planetary challenges to maintain the overall and localized fundamental equilibriums.
{"title":"Open-Innovation in the Electrical and Electronic Industries: Engineered Bio-Fluid Compositions Are Paving the Way, and Testing Therewith","authors":"S. Rebouillat, B. Noirhomme","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2018.92011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2018.92011","url":null,"abstract":"Engineered Biofluids are paving the way to industrialized and specifically produced and tailored functional fluids such as coolant and dielectric, high purity traceable media, for the electrical and electronic industries. Dielectric fluid compositions are commonly used in electrical devices, particularly in transformers. These liquids have the aim to isolate the various conductive elements of the device and to limit the heating of the equipment during its operation; in order to minimize, or maintain at higher power, the size of the device and to increase the lifespan of it. Concomitantly a number of bio and traditional processing advancements are made associated with pioneering process technologies which are outlined within the prime context of this paper. Enzyme Engineering and Cocktailing add “A New Dimension to Softer Greener Chem-Bio Approaches” which are referenced beyond curiosity purpose. Some of them are possibly “revolutionary” more than evolutionary. Testing has to evolve accordingly to appreciate the challenges ahead in semi-extreme conditions which are relevant to climate changes as well. A significant part of this orientation work addresses and exemplifies these necessary testing innovations, likely adaptable to smart and responsive connecting, and further down the line bigger data role and learning machine evolutionary concepts. One other innovative part of this exploratory work, is the influence that such illustrative localized testing, with integrated sensors/induced-tracers, and online interpretation, may have on the smart grid developments; whereby production, transmission, distribution and consumption of energy can be made more reliable, more effective and more predictive and can also have an impact on the performance, reliability and sustainability of the equipment itself. Those technologies and associated testing can support environmental, technological and societal awareness; helping to revert some trends being climate changes, fossil fuel preservation and other planetary challenges to maintain the overall and localized fundamental equilibriums.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"189-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48414763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biomaterial powders are in high development due to expansion of additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Selective laser melting (SLM) is a particular AM technology, which completely melts a powder bed layer by laser beam. Investigations of appropriated physical properties of feedstock (powder alloy) were the aim of this study. Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) alloy was used to overview of gas-atomized powder properties in different granulometric ranges (D1 12 - 19 μm, D2 20 - 46 μm and D3 76 - 106 μm), as their: physical, chemical properties and thermal analysis. SLM manufactured standard tensile specimens of usually granulometric range powder size provided mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of biocompatible Co-Cr-Mo alloy. The physical properties showed that powders in the range of 20 to 50 μm provide a better flow ability and packed density, which are relevant characteristics to SLM processing. Manufacturing by SLM process provided suitable mechanical properties in the health area, as well as, maintained the biocompatible properties of the Co-Cr-Mo alloy.
{"title":"Characteristics of Biometallic Alloy to Additive Manufacturing Using Selective Laser Melting Technology","authors":"M. Mergulhão, M. Neves","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2018.91008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2018.91008","url":null,"abstract":"Biomaterial powders are in high development due to expansion of additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Selective laser melting (SLM) is a particular AM technology, which completely melts a powder bed layer by laser beam. Investigations of appropriated physical properties of feedstock (powder alloy) were the aim of this study. Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) alloy was used to overview of gas-atomized powder properties in different granulometric ranges (D1 12 - 19 μm, D2 20 - 46 μm and D3 76 - 106 μm), as their: physical, chemical properties and thermal analysis. SLM manufactured standard tensile specimens of usually granulometric range powder size provided mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of biocompatible Co-Cr-Mo alloy. The physical properties showed that powders in the range of 20 to 50 μm provide a better flow ability and packed density, which are relevant characteristics to SLM processing. Manufacturing by SLM process provided suitable mechanical properties in the health area, as well as, maintained the biocompatible properties of the Co-Cr-Mo alloy.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44552577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Mualla, Mashael Al Nabooda, Noura Salim Salman, P. Basmaji, G. Olyveira, L. Costa, José C Oliveira, Gino Bruno Francozo
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is established as a newest biomaterial, and it can be used for medical and odontology applications. In addition, it has called attention for uses such as membrane for wound care and tissue engineering. In this work, the bacterial cellulose fermentation process is modified by the addition of natural materials before the bacteria are inoculated. In vivo behavior using natural ECM for regenerative medicine is presented and completed wound healing process is 3 months.
{"title":"Special Nanoskin-ACT-Biological Membranes from Deep Wounds","authors":"S. A. Mualla, Mashael Al Nabooda, Noura Salim Salman, P. Basmaji, G. Olyveira, L. Costa, José C Oliveira, Gino Bruno Francozo","doi":"10.4236/jbnb.2018.91007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbnb.2018.91007","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial cellulose (BC) is established as a newest biomaterial, and it can be used for medical and odontology applications. In addition, it has called attention for uses such as membrane for wound care and tissue engineering. In this work, the bacterial cellulose fermentation process is modified by the addition of natural materials before the bacteria are inoculated. In vivo behavior using natural ECM for regenerative medicine is presented and completed wound healing process is 3 months.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48677892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1α) is a potent chemokine for the recruitment of stem cells. A challenge is to maintain its activity and control its release. In this study, we engineered a recombinant cysteine-SDF1α (cysSDF1α) protein, and performed multivalent conjugation of cysSDF1 through the maleimide functional group to two forms of branched nanoparticles: multi-arm poly (ethylene glycol) (MA-PEG) and hyaluronic acid (HA). We characterized the chemotactic activity of the conjugates, and determined how the molecular weight (MW) of MA-PEG and HA affected the chemotactic activity. CysSDF1α had similar efficiency to wild-type SDF1α in cell recruitment. Multivalent conjugation of cysSDF1α to low MW MA-PEG (~18 nm) did not significantly affect the chemotactic activity, while the conjugation of cysSDF1α to high MW MA-PEG (~72 nm) lowered the efficiency, possibly due to the larger spacing between conjugated SDF1α molecules. HA has a linear backbone and a high density of multivalent binding sites; however, the chemotactic activity of HA-linked cys-SDF1α was much lower, which further decreased with the increase of HA MW from 200 kDa (~0.78 μm) to 700 kDa (~2.7 μm). Digestion of HA into smaller fragments using hyaluronidase partially recovered the chemotactic activity of cysSDF1α, suggesting that high MW HA might exert steric hindrance for SDF1α binding to its receptors on cell surface and that HA could be used as a depot for SDF1α storage and release. These results demonstrate that multivalent conjugates of SDF1α to nanoparticles may be used to engineer SDF1α delivery for cell recruitment and tissue regeneration.
{"title":"Chemotactic Activity of Site-Specific Multivalent Conjugates of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 α on Branched Nanoparticles","authors":"Yu-Fang Hsieh, Fang Huang, S. Patel, Song Li","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2018.91005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2018.91005","url":null,"abstract":"Stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1α) is a potent \u0000chemokine for the recruitment of stem cells. A challenge is to maintain its \u0000activity and control its release. In this study, we engineered a recombinant \u0000cysteine-SDF1α (cysSDF1α) protein, and performed multivalent \u0000conjugation of cysSDF1 through the maleimide functional group to two forms of \u0000branched nanoparticles: multi-arm poly (ethylene glycol) (MA-PEG) and \u0000hyaluronic acid (HA). We characterized the chemotactic \u0000activity of the conjugates, and determined how the molecular weight (MW) of \u0000MA-PEG and HA affected the chemotactic activity. CysSDF1α had similar efficiency to wild-type SDF1α in cell recruitment. Multivalent conjugation of cysSDF1α to low MW MA-PEG (~18 nm) did not \u0000significantly affect the chemotactic activity, while the conjugation of cysSDF1α to high MW MA-PEG (~72 nm) lowered the \u0000efficiency, possibly due to the larger spacing between conjugated SDF1α molecules. HA has a linear backbone and a high density of multivalent binding sites; however, the \u0000chemotactic activity of HA-linked cys-SDF1α was much lower, which further \u0000decreased with the increase of HA MW from 200 kDa (~0.78 μm) to 700 kDa (~2.7 μm). \u0000Digestion of HA into smaller \u0000fragments using hyaluronidase partially recovered the chemotactic activity of cysSDF1α, suggesting that high \u0000MW HA might exert steric hindrance for SDF1α binding to its receptors on cell surface and that \u0000HA could be used as a depot for SDF1α storage and release. These results \u0000demonstrate that multivalent conjugates of SDF1α to nanoparticles may be used to engineer SDF1α delivery for \u0000cell recruitment and tissue regeneration.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"51-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45693460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solano-Umaña Victor, Corrales Urena Yendry Regina, Vega-Baudrit José Roberto
During the last decade an enormous research effort has been deployed with respect to porous materials. Design, pore size, shape, morphology and density are crucial features for increasing the surface area of silicone materials, aiming for a better biological response so cells can adhere and grow. Many medical applications utilize polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in medical implants, despite its hydrophobic surface that does not stimulate cellular adhesion. Porosity and morphology are important factors in the wettability of PDMS, but modifying the hydrophobic surface functionalization is required. To achieve this goal, the use of coatings with gold and silver nanoparticles or nanofilms can be used as a strategy to improve biocompatibility. This is due to the effect on mammalian cell adhesion and proliferation related to gold nanoparticles, as well as the prevention of infections related to silver nanoparticles. In this study, the pores in the silicone matrix were formed using sugar crystals as a template agent, and later passed through a lixiviation process to form a porous silicon matrix. Next, the matrix was placed inside a colloidal suspension; a process that allowed the immobilization of these particles on the surface matrix. A hybrid stable material was synthetized through this process. The water absorption level of the porous silicone matrix with and without the nanoparticles was determined. The water uptake of the matrix was higher when the nanoparticles were immobilized on the surface. Van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions account for this, promoting the retention of a higher concentration of water molecules. Higher water uptake has been identified as being a key factor for improving biological response, cellular adhesion and growth, which accelerates implant integration in the body.
{"title":"Immobilization of Gold and Silver on a Biocompatible Porous Silicone Matrix to Obtain Hybrid Nanostructures","authors":"Solano-Umaña Victor, Corrales Urena Yendry Regina, Vega-Baudrit José Roberto","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2018.91004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2018.91004","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade an enormous research effort \u0000has been deployed with respect to porous materials. Design, pore size, shape, \u0000morphology and density are crucial features for increasing the surface area of \u0000silicone materials, aiming for a better \u0000biological response so cells can adhere and grow. Many medical applications utilize polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in \u0000medical implants, despite its hydrophobic \u0000surface that does not stimulate cellular adhesion. Porosity and morphology are important factors in the wettability of PDMS, but modifying the hydrophobic surface functionalization is required. \u0000To achieve this goal, the use of \u0000coatings with gold and silver nanoparticles or nanofilms can be used as a strategy to improve biocompatibility. This is due to the effect on mammalian \u0000cell adhesion and proliferation related to gold nanoparticles, as well as the \u0000prevention of infections related to silver nanoparticles. In this study, the \u0000pores in the silicone matrix were formed using sugar crystals as a template \u0000agent, and later passed through a lixiviation process to form a porous silicon \u0000matrix. Next, the matrix was placed inside a \u0000colloidal suspension; a process that allowed the immobilization of these \u0000particles on the surface matrix. A hybrid stable material was synthetized \u0000through this process. The water absorption level of the porous silicone matrix \u0000with and without the nanoparticles was determined. The water uptake of the \u0000matrix was higher when the nanoparticles were immobilized on the surface. Van der Waals and hydrogen bonding \u0000interactions account for this, promoting the retention of a higher \u0000concentration of water molecules. Higher water uptake has been identified as \u0000being a key factor for improving biological response, cellular adhesion and \u0000growth, which accelerates implant integration in the body.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47607551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marilyn Porras-Gómez, J. Vega-baudrit, Fernando García, S. Núñez-Corrales, S. Madrigal-Carballo
Metallo-β-lactamases are bacterial zinc-dependent enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of β-lactamic antibiotics representing the main cause of bacterial resistance to carbapenems, drugs of last resort for treating infections caused by multiresistant bacteria. We elaborated the hypothesis that it is possible to inhibit the enzymatic activity of metallo-β-lactamases by lowering the availability of zinc in the extracellular medium using metal chelating agents such as EDTA carried on nanoparticles. Chitosan, as linear cationic polysaccharide is frequently used in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, has been studied as a biocompatible encapsulating agent in drug delivery systems and is an ideal transport agent for bioactive molecular complexes in antibiotic applications due to its ability to associate with negatively charged substances. We developed novel nanoparticles using chitosan as a transport matrix for β-lactamic antibiotics. Nanoparticles were synthesized according to the ion gelation method using tripolyphosphate as crosslinking agent. Nanoparticles were functionalized by the adsorption of EDTA, which acts as complexifying agent for Zn2+ ions causing inhibition of metallo-β-lactamases activity. We evaluate the antimicrobial effects of EDTA-functionalized nanoparticles with an imipenem cargo on the clinical isolate P. aeruginosa AG1, a carbapenem-resistant high-risk clone ST-111 carrying both blaIMP-18 and blaVIM-2 metallo-β-lactamases genes.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Synergistic Effect of EDTA-Functionalized Chitosan Nanoparticles on Imipenem Delivery in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Carbapenem-Resistant Strain AG1","authors":"Marilyn Porras-Gómez, J. Vega-baudrit, Fernando García, S. Núñez-Corrales, S. Madrigal-Carballo","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2018.91006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2018.91006","url":null,"abstract":"Metallo-β-lactamases \u0000are bacterial zinc-dependent enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of β-lactamic antibiotics representing the \u0000main cause of bacterial resistance to carbapenems, drugs of last resort for \u0000treating infections caused by multiresistant bacteria. We elaborated the \u0000hypothesis that it is possible to inhibit the enzymatic activity of metallo-β-lactamases by lowering the \u0000availability of zinc in the extracellular medium using metal chelating agents \u0000such as EDTA carried on nanoparticles. Chitosan, as linear cationic \u0000polysaccharide is frequently used in biomedical and pharmaceutical \u0000applications, has been studied as a biocompatible encapsulating agent in drug \u0000delivery systems and is an ideal transport agent for bioactive molecular \u0000complexes in antibiotic applications due to \u0000its ability to associate with negatively charged substances. We developed \u0000novel nanoparticles using chitosan as a transport matrix for β-lactamic antibiotics. Nanoparticles \u0000were synthesized according to the ion gelation method using tripolyphosphate as \u0000crosslinking agent. Nanoparticles were functionalized by the adsorption of \u0000EDTA, which acts as complexifying agent for Zn2+ ions causing \u0000inhibition of metallo-β-lactamases \u0000activity. We evaluate the antimicrobial effects of EDTA-functionalized \u0000nanoparticles with an imipenem cargo on the \u0000clinical isolate P. aeruginosa AG1, a \u0000carbapenem-resistant high-risk clone ST-111 carrying both blaIMP-18 and blaVIM-2 metallo-β-lactamases genes.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"64-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48880765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metallic materials, such as Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, and their alloys, and also stainless steels are widely attractive as osteoconductive materials in the dental and orthopedic fields. Ceramics and polymers are also commonly used as biomaterials. However, they do not have high osteoconductivity in their pure form, and surface coatings with bioactive substances, such as hydroxyapatite or TiO2, are needed before implantation into the bone. Many reports claim that the surface chemical properties of implants, in particular, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, strongly affect the biological reactions. However, the effect of surface properties on osteoconductivity is not clear. In this review, we focus on the relationship between the surface hydrophilicity of metallic implants and osteoconductivity using in vivo evaluation, and the control of the osteoconductivity is discussed from the viewpoint of protein adsorption in implants.
{"title":"Osteoconductivity Control Based on the Chemical Properties of the Implant Surface","authors":"K. Kuroda, M. Okido","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2018.91003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2018.91003","url":null,"abstract":"Metallic materials, such as Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, and their alloys, and also stainless steels are widely attractive as osteoconductive materials in the dental and orthopedic fields. Ceramics and polymers are also commonly used as biomaterials. However, they do not have high osteoconductivity in their pure form, and surface coatings with bioactive substances, such as hydroxyapatite or TiO2, are needed before implantation into the bone. Many reports claim that the surface chemical properties of implants, in particular, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, strongly affect the biological reactions. However, the effect of surface properties on osteoconductivity is not clear. In this review, we focus on the relationship between the surface hydrophilicity of metallic implants and osteoconductivity using in vivo evaluation, and the control of the osteoconductivity is discussed from the viewpoint of protein adsorption in implants.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"26-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70896557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. S. Lima, S. Lima, J. Aguiar, Eziel Cavalcanti Vasconcelos Rocha, F. C. M. Pinto
Several studies argue that an ideal biomaterial for urinary catheters is utopian. Based in literature review it seems to be true. However, research advances: the biomaterial itself, new designs, new coatings, associated drugs, etc. Once implanted and interacting with urine, two old problems persist: encrustation and bacterial colonization. In this context, an extracellular product from bacterial synthesis on sugarcane molasses biomaterial has been studied in several experimental and clinical studies. Based on its high biocompatibility, the aim of this study is to evaluate its performance in an in vivo model as an endourologic prosthesis implanted in the bladder of Wistar rats. We evaluate physical, chemical and biological phenomena in comparison to an already established biomaterial, polyurethane. Even though it is not a finished product, the sugarcane biopolymer presented similar performance compared to polyurethane in several analyzed parameters and has an important characteristic: low cost.
{"title":"A New Biomaterial for Urinary Catheters","authors":"R. S. Lima, S. Lima, J. Aguiar, Eziel Cavalcanti Vasconcelos Rocha, F. C. M. Pinto","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2018.91001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2018.91001","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies argue that an ideal biomaterial for urinary catheters is utopian. Based in literature review it seems to be true. However, research advances: the biomaterial itself, new designs, new coatings, associated drugs, etc. Once implanted and interacting with urine, two old problems persist: encrustation and bacterial colonization. In this context, an extracellular product from bacterial synthesis on sugarcane molasses biomaterial has been studied in several experimental and clinical studies. Based on its high biocompatibility, the aim of this study is to evaluate its performance in an in vivo model as an endourologic prosthesis implanted in the bladder of Wistar rats. We evaluate physical, chemical and biological phenomena in comparison to an already established biomaterial, polyurethane. Even though it is not a finished product, the sugarcane biopolymer presented similar performance compared to polyurethane in several analyzed parameters and has an important characteristic: low cost.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70896456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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