C. Massard, Clémence Dubois, V. Raspal, Pierre Daumar, Y. Sibaud, E. Mounetou, M. Bamdad, O. Awitor
The Triple Negative “Basal-like” breast cancer (TNBL) tumours have a high proliferative capacity and develop a resistance phenotype associated with metastases. However, the management of TNBL carcinomas is still not standardized. Among the promising trails, gold nanoparticles could be a relevant tool for the development of a targeted treatment for this breast cancer subtype in monotherapy, associated and/or conjugated with other drugs. In this work, we report the cytotoxicity impact of gold nanoparticles wrapped in Poly-Ethylene Glycol (PEG) on the TNBL HCC-1937 breast cancer cell line. PEG-coated gold nanoparticles (PEG-Au NPs) were synthesized by a two-step method using a reduction process followed by a post-functionalization called PEGylation. PEG-Au NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The gold content of the samples was determined using atomic absorption spectrometer. The cytotoxicity tests were performed using Sulforhodamine B survival test and resazurin viability test. PEG-Au NPs impact analysis on HCC1937 TNBL cell line showed a clear toxic action of type dose dependent and at long term. These PEGylated gold nanoparticles present a promising tool for the development of tumor-specific radiosensitizing vectors, with or without the association of other treatment strategies.
{"title":"Cytotoxicity Study of Gold Nanoparticles on the Basal-Like Triple-Negative HCC-1937 Breast Cancer Cell Line","authors":"C. Massard, Clémence Dubois, V. Raspal, Pierre Daumar, Y. Sibaud, E. Mounetou, M. Bamdad, O. Awitor","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2018.91002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2018.91002","url":null,"abstract":"The Triple Negative “Basal-like” breast cancer (TNBL) tumours have a high proliferative capacity and develop a resistance phenotype associated with metastases. However, the management of TNBL carcinomas is still not standardized. Among the promising trails, gold nanoparticles could be a relevant tool for the development of a targeted treatment for this breast cancer subtype in monotherapy, associated and/or conjugated with other drugs. In this work, we report the cytotoxicity impact of gold nanoparticles wrapped in Poly-Ethylene Glycol (PEG) on the TNBL HCC-1937 breast cancer cell line. PEG-coated gold nanoparticles (PEG-Au NPs) were synthesized by a two-step method using a reduction process followed by a post-functionalization called PEGylation. PEG-Au NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The gold content of the samples was determined using atomic absorption spectrometer. The cytotoxicity tests were performed using Sulforhodamine B survival test and resazurin viability test. PEG-Au NPs impact analysis on HCC1937 TNBL cell line showed a clear toxic action of type dose dependent and at long term. These PEGylated gold nanoparticles present a promising tool for the development of tumor-specific radiosensitizing vectors, with or without the association of other treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"13-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70896531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanotoxicology, a branch of bionanoscience focuses on the study of the hazardous interactions between nanomaterials and the ecosystem and ascertaining its consequent implications. Nanomaterial-cell interactions are dependent on numerous factors such as size, shape, type and surface coatings/charge of nanomaterials. These factors in association with cell membrane factors such as charge and formation of the protein corona influence the uptake and internalization of these particles leading to their potential toxicity. Understanding the different routes of exposure, their transport, behaviour and eventual fate is also of importance. Toxicities that occur to the living systems are consequences of various causes/dysfunctions such as ROS production, loss of membrane integrity, releases of toxic metal ions that bind with specific cell receptors and undergo certain conformations that inhibit normal cell function resulting in cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and possible cell necrosis. This paper attempts to review the available research pertaining to nanomaterial-cell interactions and their potential toxicity.
{"title":"Nanomaterials and Cell Interactions: A Review","authors":"T. C. Jackson, B. Patani, M. Israel","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2017.84015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2017.84015","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotoxicology, a branch of bionanoscience focuses on the study of the hazardous interactions between nanomaterials and the \u0000ecosystem and ascertaining its consequent implications. Nanomaterial-cell \u0000interactions are dependent on numerous factors such as size, shape, type and \u0000surface coatings/charge of nanomaterials. These factors in association with \u0000cell membrane factors such as charge and formation of the protein corona \u0000influence the uptake and internalization of these particles leading to their \u0000potential toxicity. Understanding the different routes of exposure, their \u0000transport, behaviour and eventual fate is also \u0000of importance. Toxicities that occur to the living systems are consequences \u0000of various causes/dysfunctions such as ROS production, loss of membrane integrity, releases of toxic metal ions that bind \u0000with specific cell receptors and undergo certain conformations that \u0000inhibit normal cell function resulting in cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and \u0000possible cell necrosis. This paper attempts to review the available research \u0000pertaining to nanomaterial-cell interactions and their potential toxicity.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"220-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46964612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this investigation is preparation of Mitomycin-C encapsulated with chitosan nanoparticles synthesis using ionic gelation technique for intravesical controlled drug delivery systems. This study was conducted in vitro. Cumulative amount of drug released from the nanoparticles was calculated. Mitomycin-C release studies were examined for different pH values. During the drug loading and release studies, initial amount of drug was changed (i.e., 0.5, 1.25 and 2.5 mg) to get different release profiles and the release studies were repeated (n = 6). The loading efficiencies of Mitomycin-C with three different initial concentrations 0.5mg/ml, 1.25 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml into chitosan nanoparticles were 54.5%, 47.1% and 36.4%, respectively. For different pH values, the cumulative releases of Mitomycin-C from chitosan nanoparticles were 47% and 53% for pH 6.0 and 7.4, respectively (p p san nanoparticles was measured in T24 bladder cancer cell line in vitro, and the results revealed that the 2.5 MMC coated Chitosan nanoparticles had better tumor cells decline activity. From this investigation, we conclude that the drug encapsulated synthesized chitosan nanoparticles possess a high ability to be used as pH and dose responsive drug delivery system. This systematic investigation demonstrates a promising future for the intravesical installation in treatment of the superficial bladder cancer.
{"title":"Low Releasing Mitomycin C Molecule Encapsulated with Chitosan Nanoparticles for Intravesical Installation","authors":"D. Kavaz, Feyza Kiraç, M. Kıraç, Ashok Vaseashta","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2017.84014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2017.84014","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this investigation \u0000is preparation of Mitomycin-C encapsulated with chitosan nanoparticles synthesis using ionic gelation technique for \u0000intravesical controlled drug delivery \u0000systems. This study was conducted in \u0000vitro. Cumulative amount of drug released from the nanoparticles was \u0000calculated. Mitomycin-C release studies were examined for different pH values. \u0000During the drug loading and release studies, initial amount of drug was changed \u0000(i.e., 0.5, 1.25 and 2.5 mg) to get \u0000different release profiles and the release studies were repeated (n = 6). The loading efficiencies of \u0000Mitomycin-C with three different initial concentrations 0.5mg/ml, 1.25 mg/ml \u0000and 2.5 mg/ml into chitosan nanoparticles were 54.5%, 47.1% and 36.4%, respectively. \u0000For different pH values, the cumulative releases of Mitomycin-C from chitosan \u0000nanoparticles were 47% and 53% for pH 6.0 and 7.4, respectively (p p san nanoparticles \u0000was measured in T24 bladder cancer cell line in vitro, and the results \u0000revealed that the 2.5 MMC coated Chitosan nanoparticles had better tumor \u0000cells decline activity. From this investigation, we conclude that the drug encapsulated synthesized chitosan nanoparticles \u0000possess a high ability to be used as pH and dose responsive drug \u0000delivery system. This systematic investigation demonstrates a promising future \u0000for the intravesical installation in treatment of the superficial bladder \u0000cancer.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"203-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47777636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: Periodontitis is caused by chronic gingival inflammation and affects a large population in the world. Although guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy has been proven to be an effective treatment, the deficiency in the symmetrical design of all the GTR membrane in the market leaves large space for improvement. Therefore, we designed a novel asymmetrical bi-layer PLA/gelatin composite membrane for treating periodontitis. Methods: The PLA side was fabricated by electrospinning with metronidazole (MNA) pre-mixed with the PLA solution. The gelatin side containing bioglass (BG) 45S5 was fabricated with freeze-drying process and cross-linked with PLA membrane. The bio-compatibility of the membrane was evaluated in vitro using NIH3T3 cells. The releasing of MNA was measured by spectrophotometer. The bioactivity of the membrane was evaluated by hydroxyapatite (HA) deposit and determined by FTIR spectrometer. The ionic concentration of Ca2+ and was measured by ICPOES. The expression of the osteogenesis makers was determined by qRT-PCR. Results: The bi-layer PLA/gelatin composite membrane is biocompatible and bioactive. The releasing of MNA can rapidly reach the anti-bacterial effective concentration. Interestingly, the incorporation of MNA modulated the degradation rate of PLA scaffold to meet the requirement of tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, the embedding of the BG powder in the gelatin porous layer provided a favorable Ca2+ and ion environment for the regeneration of the alveolar bone tissue. Conclusions: Taken together, this bi-layer GTR membrane is closer to the physiological structure of the periodontal. The addition of MNA and BG makes it more powerful in treating periodontitis. Moreover, this research provides an example of biomimetic design in fabricating biomaterial for clinical applications.
{"title":"Functionalized Asymmetric Poly (Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Composite Membrane for Guided Periodontal Tissue Regeneration","authors":"Shuangying Gu, Baoxiang Tian, Weicong Chen, Yue Zhou","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2017.84016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2017.84016","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Periodontitis is \u0000caused by chronic gingival inflammation and affects a large population in the world. Although guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy has been proven to be an effective treatment, the deficiency in the \u0000symmetrical design of all the GTR membrane \u0000in the market leaves large space for improvement. Therefore, we designed a novel asymmetrical bi-layer \u0000PLA/gelatin composite membrane for treating periodontitis. Methods: The PLA side was fabricated by electrospinning with \u0000metronidazole (MNA) pre-mixed with the PLA solution. The gelatin side \u0000containing bioglass (BG) 45S5 was fabricated with freeze-drying \u0000process and cross-linked with PLA membrane. The bio-compatibility of the \u0000membrane was evaluated in vitro using \u0000NIH3T3 cells. The releasing of MNA was measured by spectrophotometer. The \u0000bioactivity of the membrane was evaluated by hydroxyapatite (HA) deposit and determined by FTIR spectrometer. The ionic concentration of Ca2+ and was measured by ICPOES. The expression of the osteogenesis makers was determined by \u0000qRT-PCR. Results: The bi-layer PLA/gelatin composite membrane is \u0000biocompatible and bioactive. The releasing of MNA can rapidly reach the anti-bacterial effective concentration. \u0000Interestingly, the incorporation of MNA modulated the degradation rate of PLA scaffold to meet the requirement \u0000of tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, the embedding of the BG powder in the gelatin porous layer provided a favorable Ca2+ and ion environment for the regeneration of the alveolar bone \u0000tissue. Conclusions: Taken together, this bi-layer GTR membrane \u0000is closer to the physiological structure of the periodontal. The addition of \u0000MNA and BG makes it more powerful in treating periodontitis. Moreover, this \u0000research provides an example of biomimetic design in fabricating biomaterial \u0000for clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"229-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48982933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan Wang, Mengya Liu, Shuangying Gu, Yue Zhou, Song Li
Endothelial cell (EC) morphology can be regulated by the micro/nano topography in engineered vascular grafts and by hemodynamic forces in the native blood vessels. However, how EC morphology affects miRNA and thus EC functions is not well understood. In this study, we addressed this question by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured on microgrooves as a model. HUVECs were grown on either microgrooved (with 10 μm width/spacing and 3 μm depth) or smooth surfaces. HUVECs on microgrooved surface had elongated and bipolar morphology, while HUVECs on smooth surface showed cobble stone shape or non-polar morphology. EdU staining indicated that HUVECs with elongated morphology had lower proliferation rate compared to their counterpart cultured on smooth surface. Quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of the specific microRNAs (miR-10a, miR-19a, miR-221) that targeted proliferation-related genes was all up-regulated. Consistently, the mRNA levels of their respective target genes, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7, Cyclin D1 and c-kit were significantly reduced by a fold change of 0.12 ± 0.01 (p p 0.05) and 0.76 ± 0.21 (p < 0.05). Other miRNAs such as miR-126 and miR-181a were up-regulated as well, leading to the repression of their targets vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and prospero homeobox-1. Our results suggested that microgrooved surface may regulate microRNA levels and thus EC functions. These results provide insight into the modulation of EC functions by microtopographic cues, and will facilitate the rational design of microstructured materials for cell and tissue engineering.
{"title":"Microtopography Attenuates Endothelial Cell Proliferation by Regulating MicroRNAs","authors":"Dan Wang, Mengya Liu, Shuangying Gu, Yue Zhou, Song Li","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2017.83013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2017.83013","url":null,"abstract":"Endothelial cell (EC) morphology can be regulated by \u0000the micro/nano topography in engineered vascular grafts and by hemodynamic \u0000forces in the native blood vessels. However, how EC morphology affects miRNA \u0000and thus EC functions is not well understood. In this study, we addressed this \u0000question by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured on \u0000microgrooves as a model. HUVECs were grown on either microgrooved (with 10 μm \u0000width/spacing and 3 μm depth) or smooth surfaces. HUVECs on microgrooved \u0000surface had elongated and bipolar morphology, while HUVECs on smooth surface \u0000showed cobble stone shape or non-polar morphology. EdU staining indicated that \u0000HUVECs with elongated morphology had lower proliferation rate compared to their \u0000counterpart cultured on smooth surface. Quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated \u0000that the expression of the specific microRNAs (miR-10a, miR-19a, miR-221) that \u0000targeted proliferation-related genes was all up-regulated. Consistently, the \u0000mRNA levels of their respective target genes, mitogen-activated protein kinase \u0000kinase kinase 7, Cyclin D1 and c-kit were significantly reduced by a fold \u0000change of 0.12 ± 0.01 (p p 0.05) and 0.76 ± \u00000.21 (p < 0.05). Other miRNAs such \u0000as miR-126 and miR-181a were up-regulated as well, leading to the repression of \u0000their targets vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and prospero homeobox-1. Our \u0000results suggested that microgrooved surface may regulate microRNA levels and \u0000thus EC functions. These results provide insight into the modulation of EC \u0000functions by microtopographic cues, and will facilitate the rational design of \u0000microstructured materials for cell and tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"189-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41320220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, synthesis of copper nanoparticles was performed using organoclay as a support to stabilize the nanoparticles. Organoclay amount was gradually increased, which had an effect on the morphology of the resultant nanoparticles. Low amount of organoclay added resulted in larger and agglomerated copper nanoparticles whereas increased amount of organoclay gave smaller sized nanoparticles. The hybrid materials were characterized using the SEM and TEM for morphology, XRD and FT-IR spectroscopy for structural elucidation, thermal analysis using TGA and also studying their antibacterial effect on the two well-known gram negative bacteria of E. coli and P. Aeruginosa. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to be crystalline Cu nanoparticles with a mix of CuO. Larger sized copper nanoparticles and agglomerates showed the higher thermal behaviour as compared with smaller nanoparticles with higher organoclay loading. The hybrid showed an improved antibacterial activity as compared with organoclay alone. The hybrid showed the higher antibacterial effect against the P. aeruginosa microorganism as compared with the E. coli microorganism.
{"title":"Facile Method for the Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Supported on the Organoclay Material","authors":"M. Bambo, R. Krause, R. Moutloali","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2017.82010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2017.82010","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, synthesis of \u0000copper nanoparticles was performed using organoclay as a support to stabilize \u0000the nanoparticles. Organoclay amount was gradually increased, which had an \u0000effect on the morphology of the resultant nanoparticles. Low amount of \u0000organoclay added resulted in larger and agglomerated copper nanoparticles \u0000whereas increased amount of organoclay gave smaller sized nanoparticles. The \u0000hybrid materials were characterized using the SEM and TEM for morphology, XRD \u0000and FT-IR spectroscopy for structural elucidation, thermal analysis using TGA \u0000and also studying their antibacterial effect on the two well-known gram negative \u0000bacteria of E. coli and P. Aeruginosa. The synthesized \u0000nanoparticles were found to be crystalline Cu nanoparticles with a mix of CuO. \u0000Larger sized copper nanoparticles and agglomerates showed the higher thermal \u0000behaviour as compared with smaller nanoparticles with higher organoclay \u0000loading. The hybrid showed an improved antibacterial activity as compared with \u0000organoclay alone. The hybrid showed the higher antibacterial effect against the P. aeruginosa microorganism as \u0000compared with the E. coli microorganism.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"144-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46511910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Short Retraction Notice Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology (JBNB) does not meet author’s publication requirements. This article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. Aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused. The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper which is marked "RETRACTED".
{"title":"RETRACTED: Bioinspired Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle and its Combined Efficacy with Different Antibiotics against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria","authors":"S. Ehsan, M. Sajjad","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2017.82011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2017.82011","url":null,"abstract":"Short Retraction Notice Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology (JBNB) does not meet author’s publication requirements. This article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. Aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused. The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper which is marked \"RETRACTED\".","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"159-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46240144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah E. Smith, Colten Snider, D. Gilley, Daniel N. Grant, S. Sherman, B. Ulery, D. Grant, S. Grant
A unique porcine extracellular matrix (ECM) derived injectable tissue construct with 100 nm or 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) was developed for musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications. ECM has been shown to encourage cellularity and tissue remodeling due to its release of growth factors while AuNP have been shown to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Injectable tissue constructs were created by homogenizing decellularized porcine diaphragm tendon conjugated with 100 nm or 20 nm AuNP at 1x, 4x, and 8x concentrations. Extrusion force testing demonstrated that homogenized tissue constructs were injectable at an appropriate cannula size and force. L-929 murine fibroblasts were used to measure cell viability, cell proliferation, intracellular ROS levels, and cell migration in response to constructs. Enhanced cell viability and proliferation are observed on 1 × 20 nm AuNP constructs. ROS assays demonstrate reduced cellular ROS concentrations from all 20 nm AuNP constructs and from 8 × 100 nm AuNP constructs compared with constructs without nanoparticles. Cellular migration is higher towards 4 × 20 nm AuNP constructs compared with constructs without nanoparticles. Results support the potential use of a porcine ECM derived injectable tissue construct with AuNP as an injectable tissue construct to reduce inflammation and to promote tissue remodeling in musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"Homogenized Porcine Extracellular Matrix Derived Injectable Tissue Construct with Gold Nanoparticles for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Applications","authors":"Sarah E. Smith, Colten Snider, D. Gilley, Daniel N. Grant, S. Sherman, B. Ulery, D. Grant, S. Grant","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2017.82009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2017.82009","url":null,"abstract":"A unique porcine extracellular matrix (ECM) derived \u0000injectable tissue construct with 100 nm or 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) was \u0000developed for musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications. ECM has been \u0000shown to encourage cellularity and tissue remodeling due to its release of \u0000growth factors while AuNP have been shown to reduce reactive oxygen species \u0000(ROS) levels. Injectable tissue constructs were created by homogenizing \u0000decellularized porcine diaphragm tendon conjugated with 100 nm or 20 nm AuNP at \u00001x, 4x, and 8x concentrations. Extrusion force testing demonstrated that \u0000homogenized tissue constructs were injectable at an appropriate cannula size \u0000and force. L-929 murine fibroblasts were used to measure cell viability, cell \u0000proliferation, intracellular ROS levels, and cell migration in response to \u0000constructs. Enhanced cell viability and proliferation are observed on 1 × 20 nm \u0000AuNP constructs. ROS assays demonstrate reduced cellular ROS concentrations \u0000from all 20 nm AuNP constructs and from 8 × 100 nm AuNP constructs compared with \u0000constructs without nanoparticles. Cellular migration is higher towards 4 × 20 nm \u0000AuNP constructs compared with constructs \u0000without nanoparticles. Results support the potential use of a porcine ECM \u0000derived injectable tissue construct with AuNP as an injectable tissue construct \u0000to reduce inflammation and to promote tissue remodeling in musculoskeletal \u0000tissue engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"125-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42005413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baljit Ghatora, P. Foot, S. Barton, R. Thatti, A. Papagni, L. Vaghi
Intraocular lenses can be manufactured from a wide variety of polymers, but due to the lost cost associated with the use of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), it is still the preferred material used in the developing countries. However, a major drawback to its use is the build-up of calcium containing deposits that are formed on the intraocular lens over a period of time. In an attempt to hinder this deposition, surface modification of medical grade PMMA has been carried out using perfluoroalkyl chain (1,2,4-trifluoro-3-(C10F21CH2O)-7-(N,N)-dimethylaminoacridine) segregation. The segregation was explored using a 1% 1,2,4-trifluoro-3-(C10F21CH2O)-7-(N,N)-dimethyla-minoacridine in two methods: film casting and spin-coating, a thin film onto preformed PMMA discs. Both methods were compared against control PMMA to determine which method provided the best hindrance against calcium containing deposits when immersed in a simulated aqueous humour solution. Characterisation of the surface using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy; dispersive x-ray analysis indicated that the surface segregation of perfluoroalkyl chains had hindered calcification in both methods. This pleminary research shows promising results of employing perfluoroalkyl chains in the surface segregation of biomaterials that can be employed in intraocular lenses.
{"title":"Surface Perfluoroalkyl Chains Segregation: A Tool for Reducing Calcium Deposits in Medical Grade Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)","authors":"Baljit Ghatora, P. Foot, S. Barton, R. Thatti, A. Papagni, L. Vaghi","doi":"10.4236/JBNB.2017.82012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JBNB.2017.82012","url":null,"abstract":"Intraocular lenses can be manufactured from a wide variety of polymers, but due to the lost cost associated with the use of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), it is still the preferred material used in the developing countries. However, a major drawback to its use is the build-up of calcium containing deposits that are formed on the intraocular lens over a period of time. In an attempt to hinder this deposition, surface modification of medical grade PMMA has been carried out using perfluoroalkyl chain (1,2,4-trifluoro-3-(C10F21CH2O)-7-(N,N)-dimethylaminoacridine) segregation. The segregation was explored using a 1% 1,2,4-trifluoro-3-(C10F21CH2O)-7-(N,N)-dimethyla-minoacridine in two methods: film casting and spin-coating, a thin film onto preformed PMMA discs. Both methods were compared against control PMMA to determine which method provided the best hindrance against calcium containing deposits when immersed in a simulated aqueous humour solution. Characterisation of the surface using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy; dispersive x-ray analysis indicated that the surface segregation of perfluoroalkyl chains had hindered calcification in both methods. This pleminary research shows promising results of employing perfluoroalkyl chains in the surface segregation of biomaterials that can be employed in intraocular lenses.","PeriodicalId":68623,"journal":{"name":"生物材料与纳米技术(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"176-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43267402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Schuler, U. Hornung, A. Kruse, N. Dahmen, J. Sauer
The majority of platform chemicals are currently provided through crude oil processes. Nevertheless, the substitution of the crude oil with biomass should be the ecological aim. Lignin, an aromatic macromolecule, may play an important role in that exchange, as it is the only bio based source of aromatic compounds. For instance, it could be a source of bifunctional aromatic molecules, like the monocyclic compounds catechol or guaiacol, or bifunctional oligomers. However, no process for the production of aromatics from lignin in technical scale has been established until now. Hence, the focus of this work is to clarify the chemical degradation mechanism under hydrothermal conditions, to liquefy lignin delivering high functional molecules and to increase the yield and selectivity of the cleavage towards bifunctional molecules like catechol. The combination of fast hydrolysis, thermal degradation reactions and hydrogenation drives the hydrothermal liquefaction; this gives the possibility to narrow down the product spectrum in comparison to other “dry” cleavage methods, towards a higher yield of e.g. catechols.
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