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2015 IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)最新文献

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A context-aware assistance system for maintenance applications in smart factories based on augmented reality and indoor localization 基于增强现实和室内定位的智能工厂维护应用的上下文感知辅助系统
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301586
Holger Flatt, N. Koch, C. Röcker, Andrei Günter, J. Jasperneite
The term Industrie 4.0 carries the vision of smart factories, which automatically adapt to changes and assist the human as much as possible during operation and maintenance. This includes smart human machine interfaces, which reduce the chances of errors and help to make the right decisions. This paper presents an approach to equip the maintenance software running on a tablet PC with augmented reality functionality to be able to place virtual sticky notes at production modules. Additionally, these sticky notes are enriched with position information. The central element of this approach is an ontology-based context-aware framework, which aggregates and processes data from different sources. As a result, a tablet PC application was implemented, which allows displaying maintenance information as well as live plant process data in the form of augmented reality. More than 100 of those sticky notes can be placed using this system, whereas each note requires a file size of 12 to 16 kilo bytes. After placing a sticky note, the system recognizes it even if the camera's position is not exactly the same as during the placing process.
工业4.0这个术语承载了智能工厂的愿景,智能工厂可以自动适应变化,并在操作和维护过程中尽可能地帮助人类。这包括智能人机界面,它减少了出错的机会,并有助于做出正确的决定。本文提出了一种为运行在平板电脑上的维护软件配备增强现实功能的方法,以便能够在生产模块上放置虚拟便利贴。此外,这些便利贴还包含丰富的职位信息。该方法的核心元素是基于本体的上下文感知框架,该框架聚合和处理来自不同来源的数据。因此,实现了一个平板电脑应用程序,它允许以增强现实的形式显示维护信息以及现场工厂过程数据。使用该系统可以放置100多张这样的便利贴,而每张便利贴需要12到16千字节的文件大小。在放置便利贴后,即使相机的位置与放置过程中的位置不完全相同,系统也会识别它。
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引用次数: 48
Experimental evaluation of a full quaternion based attitude quadrotor controller 全四元数姿态四旋翼控制器的实验评估
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301555
Emil Fresk, G. Nikolakopoulos
The aim of this article is to present a novel quaternion based control scheme for the attitude control problem of a quadrotor and experimentally evaluate its performance. A quaternion is a hyper complex number of rank 4 that can be utilized to avoid the inherent geometrical singularity when representing rigid body dynamics with Euler angles or the complexity of having coupled differential equations with the Direction Cosine Matrix (DCM). In the presented approach the novel contributions consist of: a) the quadrotor's attitude model and b) the proposed non-linear Proportional squared (P2) control algorithm, which have been proposed and experimentally evaluated fully in the quaternion space, without any transformations nor calculations in the Euler angle nor the DCM spaces. The established control scheme is combined with a quaternion based Madwick Complementary filter for estimating the attitude quadrotor's responses. Multiple experimental results, including the case where external disturbances are acting on the quadrotor, are being presented for proving the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed novel quaternion based controller.
针对四旋翼飞行器的姿态控制问题,提出了一种新的四元数控制方案,并对其性能进行了实验评价。四元数是一种4阶的超复数,可以用来避免用欧拉角表示刚体动力学时固有的几何奇异性或用方向余弦矩阵(DCM)耦合微分方程的复杂性。在该方法中,新的贡献包括:a)四旋翼飞行器的姿态模型和b)提出的非线性比例平方(P2)控制算法,这些算法已经在四元数空间中提出并进行了实验评估,没有在欧拉角和DCM空间中进行任何转换和计算。将所建立的控制方案与基于四元数的Madwick互补滤波器相结合,用于估计姿态四旋翼飞行器的响应。包括外部干扰作用于四旋翼的情况下的多个实验结果,证明了所提出的新型四元数控制器的有效性和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 6
Automated bead layout methodology for robotic multi-pass welding 机器人多道次焊接的自动焊头布置方法
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301590
Yue Wu, Jonathan Zhen Ming Go, Syeda Mariam Ahmed, W. Lu, C. Chew, C. Pang
An automated bead layout methodology is proposed for multi-pass welding on varying seam angle. This methodology will replace the tedious process of `teaching and playback' in the current line of robotic welding. To develop the proposed method, manual flux cored arc welding has been conducted on several workpieces. It is then ascertained that the bead size varies from 25 to 30 mm2 in a more ideal welding zone. Therefore, this leads to the assumption of a constant bead size for automated welding. Based on the results from this experiment, the bead layout and welding parameters for new workpiece with different seam angles can be determined. The simulation result show that a uniform bead layout is achieved.
提出了一种多道次变缝角焊接的自动焊头布置方法。这种方法将取代目前机器人焊接生产线中繁琐的“教学和回放”过程。为了发展所提出的方法,在几个工件上进行了人工药芯电弧焊。然后确定在更理想的焊接区域内,焊头尺寸从25到30 mm2不等。因此,这导致假设一个恒定的头尺寸的自动焊接。根据实验结果,可以确定不同缝角新工件的焊头布置和焊接参数。仿真结果表明,实现了均匀的磁珠布局。
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引用次数: 5
Design and implementation of zero power wake-up for PLC modems in smart street lighting systems 智能路灯系统中PLC调制解调器零功耗唤醒的设计与实现
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301444
D. Brunelli, Pietro Tosato, R. Fiorelli
Power line communication is becoming important as a leading technology in Smart Grid applications. This paper presents a new system to reduce the power consumption of the power line modems, implementing a zero-power stand-by feature. The incoming wake-up signal is as simple as a PLC frame and its associated energy is used to supply the wake-up logic. The system is mainly conceived for street lighting systems that use power line communication and where the stand-by power represents an issue because there are thousands of lamps in a city, and the total power consumption of the modems in stand-by mode is not negligible. This paper presents the architecture of the system, as well as the design choices. Experimental results of the system applied to a street light network show that it is possible to wake-up selectively a cluster of lamps up to a distance of about 250m.
电力线通信作为智能电网应用中的一项主导技术,正变得越来越重要。本文提出了一种新的系统来降低电力线调制解调器的功耗,实现零功耗待机功能。输入的唤醒信号与PLC帧一样简单,其相关能量用于提供唤醒逻辑。该系统主要是为使用电力线通信的街道照明系统设计的,在这种情况下,待机电源是一个问题,因为一个城市有数千盏灯,待机模式下调制解调器的总功耗不可忽略。本文介绍了系统的体系结构,以及系统的设计选择。应用于路灯网络的实验结果表明,该系统可以选择性地唤醒距离约250米的一组灯。
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引用次数: 10
What-if game simulation in agent-based strategic production planners 基于代理的战略生产计划中的假设博弈模拟
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301438
P. Leitão, N. Rodrigues, J. Barbosa
In the nowadays highly unstable manufacturing market, companies are faced, on a daily basis, with important strategic decisions, such as “does the company has the necessary capacity to accept a high volume order?” or “what measures need to be implemented if the product demand increases x% a year?”. Decision-makers, i.e. company's managers, rely on their experience and insights supported by classical tools to take such decisions. Classical mathematical solvers or agent-based systems are typical architectural solutions to implement strategic planning tools to support decision-makers on this important task. Within the ARUM (Adaptive Production Management) project, a hybrid strategic planning tool was specified and developed, combining the optimization features of classical solvers with the flexibility and agility of agent systems. This paper briefly presents such architecture and focuses on the generation of the “what-if game” mechanism to support the generation of more intelligent and dynamic planning solutions.
在当今高度不稳定的制造业市场,公司每天都面临着重要的战略决策,例如“公司是否有必要的能力接受大量订单?”或者“如果产品需求每年增长x%,需要采取什么措施?”决策者,即公司的经理,依靠他们的经验和洞察力,由经典工具支持,做出这样的决定。经典的数学求解器或基于代理的系统是实现战略规划工具的典型体系结构解决方案,以支持决策者执行这一重要任务。在ARUM (Adaptive Production Management)项目中,设计并开发了一种混合战略规划工具,将经典求解器的优化特性与智能体系统的灵活性和敏捷性相结合。本文简要介绍了这种架构,并重点讨论了“假设游戏”机制的生成,以支持更智能和动态的规划解决方案的生成。
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引用次数: 3
Fractional order model identification: Computational optimization 分数阶模型识别:计算优化
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301630
E. Guevara, H. Meneses, O. Arrieta, R. Vilanova, A. Visioli, F. Padula
This paper deals with the identification of fractional models with one fractional parameter. This kind of models are capable to represent an extensive range of dynamics, including overdamped and oscillatory behaviors. The identification algorithm consists in applying an optimization function, starting from an initial point, that allows the program to calculate a very representative model of the process. The results demonstrate the usefulness and robustness of the tool, which can be employed to identify integer and fractional systems in an easy way and this can be later exploited for further studies, for example the development of tuning rules.
本文研究了单分数参数分数模型的辨识问题。这种模型能够表示广泛的动力学范围,包括过阻尼和振荡行为。识别算法包括应用一个优化函数,从一个初始点开始,允许程序计算一个非常有代表性的过程模型。结果证明了该工具的实用性和鲁棒性,它可以用一种简单的方式来识别整数和分数系统,这可以用于以后的进一步研究,例如调整规则的开发。
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引用次数: 6
An Ethernet to FireWire bridge for real-time control of the da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK) 用于实时控制达芬奇研究套件(dVRK)的以太网到火线桥
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301489
Long Qian, Zihan Chen, P. Kazanzides
In this paper, a real-time control network based on Ethernet and FireWire is presented, where Ethernet provides a convenient, cross-platform interface between a central control PC and a FireWire subnetwork that contains multiple distributed nodes (I/O boards). Real-time performance is achieved because this architecture limits the number of Ethernet transactions on the host PC, benefits from the availability of real-time Ethernet drivers, and uses the broadcast and peer-to-peer capabilities of FireWire to efficiently transfer data among the distributed nodes. This approach and resulting benefits are comparable to EtherCAT, but preserves existing investments in FireWire-based controllers and relies only on conventional, vendor-neutral network hardware and protocols. The system performance is demonstrated on the da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK), which consists of 8 FireWire nodes that control 2 Master Tool Manipulators (MTMs) and 2 Patient Side Manipulators (PSMs), for a total of 28 axes. This approach is generally applicable to interface existing FireWire-based systems to new control PCs via Ethernet or to serve as an open-source alternative to EtherCAT for new designs.
本文提出了一个基于以太网和火线的实时控制网络,其中以太网在中央控制PC机和包含多个分布式节点(I/O板)的火线子网之间提供了一个方便的跨平台接口。实现实时性能是因为这种体系结构限制了主机PC上的以太网事务数量,受益于实时以太网驱动程序的可用性,并使用FireWire的广播和点对点功能在分布式节点之间有效地传输数据。这种方法及其带来的好处与EtherCAT相当,但保留了对基于firewire的控制器的现有投资,并且只依赖于传统的、厂商中立的网络硬件和协议。该系统的性能在达芬奇研究工具包(dVRK)上进行了演示,该工具包由8个火线节点组成,控制2个主工具机械手(mtm)和2个患者侧机械手(psm),共28个轴。这种方法通常适用于将现有的基于firewire的系统通过以太网连接到新的控制pc,或者作为EtherCAT的开源替代方案用于新设计。
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引用次数: 6
Collaborating robots in a museum environment: Modular systems for 3D documentation 博物馆环境中的协作机器人:用于3D文档的模块化系统
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301610
Stephan Schäfer, Dirk Schöttke, T. Kämpfe, D. Matura, U. Berger
The protection and preservation of cultural heritage for generations is a challenging task. Therefore this paper describes a system for non-contact and safe 3D measurement and digitization of unique cultural objects and craftworks. The aim of this project is the precise 3D capturing and the semi-automated processing of smaller and medium-sized cultural objects. Therefore this paper suggests a system that allows semi-automated usage in a museum environment using a collaborative robot equipped with comprehensive safety sensor technology. So further security mechanisms such as safety barriers are no longer necessary. To avoid a collision with the examined object the path planning and collision prevention system uses a Time of Flight (ToF) camera to detect the environment and the object. The system also continuously monitors the working environment to detect intrusion. If working environment is violated in scan process, the system changes to a safe state. Another system (ToF) is required to position the 3D measurement system (structured-light 3D scanner) in front of the cultural object. The assistant system measures the object depth in a preliminary scan.
保护和保存世代相传的文化遗产是一项具有挑战性的任务。为此,本文介绍了一种独特文物工艺品的非接触式、安全的三维测量与数字化系统。该项目的目标是对中小型文物进行精确的3D捕捉和半自动化处理。因此,本文提出了一种系统,允许在博物馆环境中使用配备了综合安全传感器技术的协作机器人的半自动使用。因此,不再需要进一步的安全机制,如安全屏障。为了避免与被检测物体发生碰撞,路径规划和碰撞预防系统使用飞行时间(ToF)相机来检测环境和物体。该系统还可以持续监控工作环境以检测入侵。如果扫描过程中违反了工作环境,系统将切换到安全状态。需要另一个系统(ToF)将3D测量系统(结构光3D扫描仪)定位在文物前面。辅助系统在初步扫描中测量物体深度。
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引用次数: 0
Open source as enabler for OPC UA in industrial automation 开放源码作为工业自动化中OPC UA的推动者
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301562
Florian Palm, Sten Grüner, Julius Pfrommer, Markus Graube, L. Urbas
As a standardized communication protocol, OPC UA is the main focal point with regard to information exchange in the ongoing initiative Industrie 4.0. But there are also considerations to use it within the Internet of Things. The fact that currently no open reference implementation can be used in research for free represents a major problem in this context. The authors have the opinion that open source software can stabilize the ongoing theoretical work. Recent efforts to develop an open implementation for OPC UA were not able to meet the requirements of practical and industrial automation technology. This issue is addressed by the open62541 project which is presented in this article including an overview of its application fields and main research issues.
作为一种标准化的通信协议,OPC UA是正在进行的工业4.0倡议中信息交换的主要焦点。但在物联网中使用它也有一些考虑。事实上,目前没有开放的参考实现可以在研究中免费使用,这是这方面的一个主要问题。作者认为,开源软件可以稳定正在进行的理论工作。最近为OPC UA开发开放实现的努力不能满足实际和工业自动化技术的要求。本文介绍了open62541项目,概述了其应用领域和主要研究问题。
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引用次数: 58
Fault-based identification and inspection of fault developments to enhance availability in industrial automation systems 基于故障的识别和检查故障发展,以提高工业自动化系统的可用性
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301515
M. Bordasch, C. Brand, P. Göhner
In this paper an innovative concept for a fault prevention in industrial automation systems is presented. The goal of this concept is the avoidance of downtimes, by means of the early identification of fault developments during runtime. Additionally, in comparison to common fault prevention solutions, today's complexity of prevention processes and the increasing amount of data is aimed to be reduced in this concept. In order to fulfill these requirements, a methodology has been developed, which helps to identify fault development characteristics after a single fault occurrence. By means of this information, the same system or similar systems can be inspected for this definite fault development in the future in order to avoid reoccurrence of this particular fault or failure. Thus, the fault-based identification and inspection helps to increase systems' availability, which is demanded amongst other things due to the high productivity requirements in industry.
本文提出了一种用于工业自动化系统故障预防的创新概念。这个概念的目标是通过在运行时早期识别故障开发来避免停机时间。此外,与常见的故障预防解决方案相比,该概念旨在降低当今预防流程的复杂性和不断增加的数据量。为了满足这些需求,开发了一种方法,该方法有助于在单个故障发生后识别故障的发展特征。通过这些信息,可以在将来检查相同的系统或类似的系统以确定故障的发展,以避免该特定故障或故障的再次发生。因此,基于故障的识别和检查有助于提高系统的可用性,这是由于工业中对生产率的高要求而需要的。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2015 IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)
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