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2015 IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)最新文献

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Automated testing of Medium Voltage Drive Hardware in Loop systems 中压驱动硬件在环系统的自动化测试
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301588
Aravind Ingalalli, Nitin Adlok, B. Shanthibhushan, S. Shriram
ABB Medium Voltage (MV) drives offer flexible and reliable modular design for single as well as multi motor applications with power range from 3 to 36 MW. In order to validate the complex converter topologies and control methodologies of MV drives, a powerful multi core real time simulator is used for Hardware in Loop (HiL) testing. The Medium Voltage Drive Hardware-in-Loop (MVDHiL) system is preferred over traditional analogue test or field test as it offers flexibility, cost benefits and no high voltage risks. This paper describes about the MVDHiL set up for ABB ACS1000 Drive and discuses manual and automated testing of MVDHiL with lab results.
ABB中压(MV)驱动器为单电机和多电机应用提供灵活可靠的模块化设计,功率范围为3至36兆瓦。为了验证中压变频器复杂的拓扑结构和控制方法,使用了一个功能强大的多核实时模拟器进行硬件在环(HiL)测试。与传统的模拟测试或现场测试相比,中压驱动硬件在环(MVDHiL)系统更受青睐,因为它具有灵活性、成本效益和无高压风险。本文介绍了ABB ACS1000变频器的MVDHiL,并讨论了MVDHiL的手动和自动化测试与实验室结果。
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引用次数: 4
ICT and optimization for the energy management of smart cities: The street lighting decision panel ICT与智慧城市能源管理优化:街道照明决策小组
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301435
Raffaele Carli, M. Dotoli, R. Pellegrino
The paper addresses the emerging need for tools devoted to the energy governance of smart cities. We propose a hierarchical decision process that supports the energy manager in governing the smart city while addressing different urban sectors with an integrated, structured, and transparent planning. Starting from the urban control center proposed in a previous contribution for the urban energy management, a hierarchical strategic decision structure is proposed. More in detail, a two-level decentralized programming model integrates several decision making units (decision panels), each focusing on the energy optimization of a specific urban subsystem. We focus on the presentation of the street lighting decision panel and on its application to the energy management of the public lighting of the city of Bari (Italy), where a smart city program has recently been launched.
本文阐述了对智能城市能源治理工具的新需求。我们提出了一个分层决策过程,支持能源管理者管理智慧城市,同时通过综合、结构化和透明的规划解决不同的城市部门。从城市能源管理中提出的城市控制中心出发,提出了一种分层战略决策结构。更详细地说,一个两级分散规划模型集成了几个决策单元(决策小组),每个决策单元都侧重于特定城市子系统的能源优化。我们将重点介绍街道照明决策小组及其在巴里市(意大利)公共照明能源管理中的应用,巴里市最近启动了一个智慧城市项目。
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引用次数: 15
Automatic compilation of performance models for industrial Multi-Agent Systems 工业多智能体系统性能模型的自动编译
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301495
Petr Kadera, Petr Novák
Industry 4.0 compliant Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) rely on a modular structure of applications. However, there is a lack of efficient methods to identify the performance limits of MAS, such as response time or system throughput. This methodological gap complicates the design of commercial MAS with strict performance requirements. This paper (i) proposes a method for automatic compilation of performance models from system logs and (ii) introduces methods based on Queueing Networks to identify the performance limits of a MAS. The outcome of the method is a semi-automatically assembled Queueing Network. It is a mathematical abstraction for modeling and simulation of system performance, which is consequently used by the system developer to validate that the MAS meets the performance requirements. The proposed method is demonstrated on a test-bed made of six minicomputers Raspberry Pi that host agents implemented in Jade Environment. This method brings the future modular industrial systems with emergent behavioral patterns nearer to broad acceptance by industrial enterprises.
符合工业4.0的多代理系统(MAS)依赖于应用程序的模块化结构。然而,缺乏有效的方法来确定MAS的性能限制,例如响应时间或系统吞吐量。这种方法上的差距使具有严格性能要求的商用MAS的设计复杂化。本文(i)提出了一种从系统日志中自动编译性能模型的方法,(ii)介绍了基于排队网络的方法来识别MAS的性能限制。该方法的结果是一个半自动组装的排队网络。它是系统性能建模和仿真的数学抽象,因此系统开发人员使用它来验证MAS是否满足性能要求。该方法在由6台小型计算机Raspberry Pi组成的测试平台上进行了验证,该平台在Jade环境中实现了代理。这种方法使具有突发性行为模式的未来模块化工业系统更接近于被工业企业广泛接受。
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引用次数: 2
Static slack-based instrumentation of programs 静态的基于松弛的程序检测
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301505
H. Kashif, Johnson J. Thomas, Hiren D. Patel, S. Fischmeister
Real-time embedded programs are time sensitive and, to trace such programs, the instrumentation mechanism must honor the programs' timing constraints. We present a time-aware instrumentation technique that injects program code with slack-based conditional instrumentation. The central idea is to execute instrumentation code only when its execution does not increase the worst-case execution time beyond a program's deadline. This occurs at run-time. Unlike previous efforts, this work allows instrumenting on the path that results in the worst-case execution time of the program. We propose a software, and a hardware method of allowing for slack-based conditional instrumentation. We evaluate and compare these two alternatives using a common benchmark suite for real-time systems. Our results show that, on average, the two proposed methods achieve 57% and 80% instrumentation coverage, respectively, compared to only a 3% coverage by previous work.
实时嵌入式程序是时间敏感的,为了跟踪这样的程序,检测机制必须遵守程序的时间约束。我们提出了一种时间感知检测技术,该技术将基于松弛的条件检测注入程序代码。其核心思想是,只有当插装代码的执行不会使最坏情况下的执行时间超出程序的截止日期时,才执行插装代码。这发生在运行时。与以前的工作不同,这项工作允许在导致程序最坏情况执行时间的路径上进行检测。我们提出了一种软件和一种硬件方法,允许基于松弛的条件仪器。我们使用实时系统的通用基准套件来评估和比较这两种替代方案。我们的结果表明,平均而言,两种提出的方法分别实现了57%和80%的仪器覆盖率,而以前的工作只有3%的覆盖率。
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引用次数: 3
Model-based co-evolution of production systems and their libraries with AutomationML 使用AutomationML实现生产系统及其库的基于模型的协同进化
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301483
L. Berardinelli, S. Biffl, E. Mätzler, Tanja Mayerhofer, M. Wimmer
System models are essential in planning, designing, realizing, and maintaining production systems. AutomationML (AML) is an emerging standard to represent and exchange heterogeneous artifacts throughout the complete system life cycle and is more and more used as a modeling language. AML is designed as a flexible, prototype-based language able to represent the full spectrum of different artifacts. It may be utilized to build reusable libraries containing prototypical elements to build up production systems by using clones. However, libraries have to evolve over time, e.g., to reflect bug fixes, new features or refactorings, and so system models have to co-evolve to reflect the changes in the libraries. To tackle this co-evolution challenge, we specify in this paper the relationship between library elements, i.e., prototypes, and system elements, i.e., clones, by establishing a formal model for prototype-based modeling languages. Based on this formalization, we introduce several levels of consistency rigor one may want to achieve when modeling with prototype-based languages. These levels are also the main input to reason about the impact of library changes on the concrete system models for which we provide semi-automated co-evolution propagation strategies. We apply the established theory to the concrete AML case and present concrete tool support for evolving AML models based on Eclipse which demonstrates that consistency between system models and libraries may be maintained semi-automatically.
系统模型在计划、设计、实现和维护生产系统中是必不可少的。AutomationML (AML)是一种新兴的标准,用于在整个系统生命周期中表示和交换异构工件,并且越来越多地被用作建模语言。AML被设计为一种灵活的、基于原型的语言,能够表示各种不同的工件。它可以用来构建包含原型元素的可重用库,从而通过使用克隆来构建生产系统。然而,库必须随着时间的推移而发展,例如,反映错误修复、新特性或重构,因此系统模型必须共同发展以反映库中的变化。为了处理这种共同进化的挑战,我们在本文中通过为基于原型的建模语言建立一个正式的模型来指定库元素(即原型)和系统元素(即克隆)之间的关系。在此形式化的基础上,我们介绍了在使用基于原型的语言建模时可能希望实现的几个级别的一致性严谨性。这些级别也是解释库更改对具体系统模型的影响的主要输入,我们为这些模型提供了半自动化的协同进化传播策略。我们将建立的理论应用到具体的AML案例中,并提供了基于Eclipse的AML模型演化的具体工具支持,这表明系统模型和库之间的一致性可以半自动维护。
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引用次数: 26
A Hardware-In-the-Loop setup for rapid control prototyping of mechatronic systems 一种用于机电系统快速控制原型的硬件在环装置
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301628
L. Simoni, M. Beschi, D. Colombo, A. Visioli, R. Adamini
In this paper we present a Hardware-In-the-Loop setup for the simulation of complex mechatronic systems. The setup consists of two coupled brushless motors. One of them is the motor under test, which is used to design the control algorithm and to test the control software, while the other one simulates the device to be controlled. Libraries of mechanical and hydraulic components have been implemented in an IEC61131-3 language so that a complex system can be simulated in a relatively easy way and this allows for a rapid control prototyping. Practical issues are discussed and an illustrative example is shown to confirm the effectiveness of the setup.
本文提出了一种用于复杂机电系统仿真的硬件在环装置。该装置由两个耦合无刷电机组成。其中一个是被测电机,用于设计控制算法和测试控制软件,另一个是对被控设备进行仿真。机械和液压元件库已经在IEC61131-3语言中实现,因此可以以相对简单的方式模拟复杂的系统,这允许快速控制原型。讨论了实际问题,并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 6
On the influence of state update interval length on the prediction success of decision support system in multi-site production environment 多站点生产环境下状态更新间隔长度对决策支持系统预测成功的影响
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301545
Matthias Becker, H. Szczerbicka
Planning in a multi-site, non-mass production environment is a special challenge because of several sources of uncertainty. Unlike in mass production facilities, in our setting the current state at all sites cannot be determined easily and exactly due to the spatial distribution of sites and the low degree of automation. For re-planning in case of failures, the possible alternative actions have to be formalized on the decision making facility, where the possible alternatives will then be determined and evaluated. In this work, we will present the necessary components for an automated evaluation of alternatives and decision support procedure. The main challenges are the formalization of product plans including alternative steps and the non-automated collection or assessment of the distributed system state of all sites. In our experiments we evaluate different state update intervals and the effect on prediction accuracy. It turns out, that even sparse updates show significant improvement on the production time in comparison to only local static decisions.
规划在一个多地点,非大规模生产的环境是一个特殊的挑战,因为有几个来源的不确定性。与大规模生产设施不同,在我们的设置中,由于场地的空间分布和自动化程度较低,无法轻松准确地确定所有场地的当前状态。为了在失败的情况下重新规划,可能的替代行动必须在决策制定设施上正式确定,然后在那里确定和评估可能的替代方案。在这项工作中,我们将为备选方案和决策支持过程的自动评估提供必要的组件。主要的挑战是产品计划的形式化,包括可选步骤和对所有站点的分布式系统状态的非自动化收集或评估。在我们的实验中,我们评估了不同的状态更新间隔和对预测精度的影响。事实证明,与仅本地静态决策相比,即使是稀疏更新也能显着改善生产时间。
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引用次数: 4
Remote graphical processing for dual display of RTOS and GPOS on an embedded hypervisor 嵌入式管理程序中RTOS和GPOS双显示的远程图形处理
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301581
Hyunwoo Joe, Dongwook Kang, Jin-Ah Shin, Vincent Dupre, Soo-Young Kim, Taeho Kim, Chaedeok Lim
In this paper, we introduce a remote graphics library framework based on inter-virtual-machines communication in an embedded hypervisor. With this framework, there are no causality conflicts when multiple guest operating systems share one GPU. We adopted API remoting for GPU virtualization because it has relatively small overhead when connected with OpenGL ES standard library on embedded hypervisors. Interferences from the hypervisor during synchronization between front-end and back-end can be reduced by inter-VM commutation. To make improvement on size, weight and power for embedded systems, we opted for displaying both guest operating systems on a single display panel. The presented framework is applied to a real-world embedded hypervisor used for safety-critical systems. Our implementation runs an automotive digital instrument cluster on a real-time guest operating system and an in-vehicle infotainment application on a general purpose guest operating system within the hypervisor. We found it feasible for an embedded hypervisor to provide GPU service to heterogeneous industrial guest operating systems on a single hardware platform.
本文介绍了一种基于嵌入式管理程序中虚拟机间通信的远程图形库框架。有了这个框架,当多个客户机操作系统共享一个GPU时,就不会有因果冲突。我们采用API远程处理GPU虚拟化,因为它与嵌入式管理程序上的OpenGL ES标准库连接时开销相对较小。通过虚拟机之间的交换,可以减少前端和后端同步期间hypervisor的干扰。为了改进嵌入式系统的尺寸、重量和功率,我们选择在单个显示面板上显示两个客户机操作系统。本文提出的框架应用于用于安全关键型系统的实际嵌入式管理程序。我们的实现在实时客户操作系统上运行汽车数字仪表集群,在管理程序中的通用客户操作系统上运行车载信息娱乐应用程序。我们发现嵌入式管理程序可以在单个硬件平台上为异构工业客户操作系统提供GPU服务。
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引用次数: 3
Laser based driving assistance for smart robotic wheelchairs 基于激光的智能机器人轮椅驾驶辅助
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301605
E. Rohmer, P. Pinheiro, E. Cardozo, M. Bellone, G. Reina
This paper is presenting the ongoing work toward a novel driving assistance system of a robotic wheelchair, for people paralyzed from down the neck. The user's head posture is tracked, to accordingly project a colored spot on the ground ahead, with a pan-tilt mounted laser. The laser dot on the ground represents a potential close range destination the operator wants to reach autonomously. The wheelchair is equipped with a low cost depth-camera (Kinect sensor) that models a traversability map in order to define if the designated destination is reachable or not by the chair. If reachable, the red laser dot turns green, and the operator can validate the wheelchair destination via an Electromyogram (EMG) device, detecting a specific group of muscle's contraction. This validating action triggers the calculation of a path toward the laser pointed target, based on the traversability map. The wheelchair is then controlled to follow this path autonomously. In the future, the stream of 3D point cloud acquired during the process will be used to map and self localize the wheelchair in the environment, to be able to correct the estimate of the pose derived from the wheel's encoders.
这篇论文介绍了一种新型的机器人轮椅驾驶辅助系统,用于颈部以下瘫痪的人。用户的头部姿势被跟踪,相应地在前方的地面上投射一个彩色点,安装了一个倾斜的激光。地面上的激光点代表操作员想要自主到达的潜在近距离目的地。轮椅配备了一个低成本的深度摄像头(Kinect传感器),它可以模拟可穿越性地图,以确定轮椅是否可以到达指定的目的地。如果可以到达,红色激光点变为绿色,操作员可以通过肌电图(EMG)设备验证轮椅的目的地,检测特定肌肉群的收缩。这个验证动作触发基于可穿越性图的激光指向目标的路径计算。然后控制轮椅自动沿着这条路径移动。未来,在此过程中获得的3D点云流将用于在环境中对轮椅进行映射和自我定位,以便能够纠正由车轮编码器导出的姿态估计。
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引用次数: 7
A framework to support dependability evaluation of WSNs from AADL models 基于AADL模型的wsn可靠性评估框架
Pub Date : 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2015.7301560
M. Martins, P. Portugal, F. Vasques
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been widely considered as a promising solution to support different types of applications on industrial environments. Many of these applications impose strict dependability requirements, since a system failure may result in economic losses, or damage for human life or to the environment. The absence of an effective approach enabling the dependability evaluation of WSNs prevents system designers to forecast these type of scenarios or to optimize decisions regarding the criticality of the devices, network topology, levels of redundancy and network robustness that minimize the occurrence of faults. To bridge the gap between research achievements and industrial development, we present in this paper a framework to support the dependability evaluation of WSNs based on the automated generation of analytical dependability models from high level AADL (Architecture Analysis and Description Language) architecture models. The main objective of this framework is to relieve the end user from a deep knowledge of dependability modeling techniques and evaluation methods, focusing on their knowledge of the behavior and structure of the system.
无线传感器网络(WSNs)被广泛认为是支持工业环境中不同类型应用的一种有前途的解决方案。由于系统故障可能导致经济损失,或对人类生命或环境造成损害,因此这些应用程序中的许多都对可靠性提出了严格的要求。由于缺乏一种有效的方法来评估wsn的可靠性,系统设计人员无法预测这些类型的场景,也无法优化有关设备、网络拓扑、冗余级别和网络鲁棒性的关键决策,从而最大限度地减少故障的发生。为了弥合研究成果与工业发展之间的差距,本文提出了一个基于高层AADL(架构分析和描述语言)架构模型自动生成分析可靠性模型的框架,以支持wsn的可靠性评估。该框架的主要目标是将最终用户从对可靠性建模技术和评估方法的深入了解中解脱出来,将重点放在他们对系统的行为和结构的了解上。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2015 IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)
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