中国疾病预防控制中心周报最新文献

What is already known about this topic?: Redoa leucoscela (R. leucoscela) Collenette (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), releases urticating setae during larval molting. These setae disperse through aquatic and aerial pathways and can trigger allergic reactions upon dermal contact. Clinical manifestations include pruritic dermatitis with stinging sensations and papular lesions; untreated cases may progress to systemic reactions or secondary infections.

What is added by this report?: Between July 10 and August 16, 2024, a dermatitis outbreak caused by R. leucoscela occurred in Y Village, Tongren City, Guizhou Province. A total of 32 cases were identified, including 30 residents and 2 tourists. This report provides the first epidemiological evidence linking R. leucoscela larvae to dermatitis outbreaks through rigorous case-control methodology.

What are the implications for public health practice?: During peak R. leucoscela larvae infestation periods, local authorities must implement integrated dermatitis surveillance and larval eradication programs, coupled with prominent warning signage in high-risk zones (riversides, swimming areas) advising against water contact and minimizing exposure to P. stenoptera tree foliage to prevent outbreak recurrence. Concurrently, health promotion campaigns must prioritize eco-awareness education for tourism stakeholders and the public, advocating for eco-conscious tourism behaviors to minimize anthropogenic habitat disruption, thereby achieving sustainable tourism-conservation synergy.

What is already known about this topic?: Trainees in the China Field Epidemiology Training Program (CFETP) constitute a vital workforce in addressing global public health emergencies. Developing intercultural communication competence is essential for their future participation in international public health efforts. However, within China's existing public health training system, this aspect has not yet received adequate attention or been systematically strengthened.

What is added by this report?: This study is the first to evaluate and investigate the intercultural communication competence of domestic CFETP trainees. There are 77 trainees that demonstrated strong cognitive (Score rates: 86.57%) and emotional (87.22%) competencies. However, behavioral (79.42%) competence, particularly language proficiency, can be improved. Further analysis indicated that international experience, duration of time spent abroad, and foreign language proficiency had a significant impact on their intercultural communication competence.

What are the implications for public health practice?: This study examined the current state of intercultural communication competence among public health professionals and the factors influencing it. It highlights the key obstacles and practical challenges trainees face in intercultural communication while providing essential data to inform the development of targeted strategies for improving competence and refining training programs.

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) clinics are specialized healthcare facilities that provide urgent medical interventions to individuals with potential high-risk HIV exposures. This study analyzed utilization patterns of HIV nPEP services in China and examined factors associated with medication adherence among consultees, providing evidence to inform further implementation and optimization of HIV nPEP interventions.

Methods: We analyzed nPEP case data collected from the national nPEP data information system between November 1, 2022, and November 1, 2024, using SPSS 29.0 software. Chi-square tests were applied to analyze characteristics of nPEP consultees, and logistic regression models were used to identify factors influencing medication adherence and follow-up compliance among those who initiated treatment.

Results: As of November 1, 2024, 924 nPEP clinics nationwide received 54,108 consultees, with 53,405 (98.70%) initiating medication. Most individuals seeking services were male (88.63%), classified as high-risk (83.11%), and heterosexual with multiple partners (67.66%). The "BIC/FTC/TAF" regimen was selected by 63.07% of recipients. Nearly all users (99.03%) completed medication evaluation within 72 hours post-exposure. Among medication users, 60.34% (30,650) adhered to the full 28-day regimen, and 60.10% (30,509) completed either one-month or three-month follow-ups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified gender, exposure risk assessment results, exposure population classification, individual preferences, and medication regimen as significant factors influencing both 28-day medication adherence and follow-up compliance (P<0.05).

Conclusions: nPEP clinic consultees in China are predominantly young male heterosexual individuals with multiple sexual partners, with most selecting the Biktarvy regimen. However, both current 28-day medication adherence and follow-up compliance rates remain suboptimal. High-risk men and those receiving the Biktarvy regimen demonstrate superior medication adherence and follow-up compliance compared to other groups. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions to improve medication adherence and follow-up rates among nPEP recipients. Enhancing adherence and follow-up should be prioritized in future interventions, supported by continuous monitoring to inform timely intervention strategy adjustments.

What is already known about this topic?: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) represents an Aedes-borne alphavirus that causes fever, rash, and severe arthralgia. Outbreaks have expanded across 119 countries, with sporadic imported cases documented in China. While serum has been regarded as the optimal diagnostic specimen, comprehensive data comparing multiple specimen types across all infection phases have remained lacking.

What is added by this report?: Using 1,156 samples from the 2025 Foshan outbreak, we quantified CHIKV RNA levels from 6 days before to 12 days after symptom onset. Serum consistently yielded the highest viral loads, while saliva, urine, and throat swabs demonstrated inferior performance. Viral RNA detection was achievable as early as 1 day before symptom onset. Days 0-7 post-symptom onset constitute the phase of explosive viral replication, representing the optimal timeframe for specimen collection to minimize false-negative results. From Day 8 onward, antibody IgG testing should be incorporated to prevent diagnostic gaps.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Pre-symptomatic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of serum (day-1) enables interception of imported cases at ports of entry; days 0-7 represent the optimal clinical sampling window to minimize false negatives. After day 8, antibody testing must supplement molecular diagnostics. This systematic analysis of CHIKV viral-load kinetics provides critical evidence for calibrating quarantine duration, optimizing contact-tracing intensity, and allocating resources effectively, thereby reducing community transmission risk substantially.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) represents one of China's most significant infectious disease, with inter-provincial population migration posing a challenge to controlling its spread. This study examined TB cases among inter-provincial migrants across China from 2019 to 2023.

Methods: TB surveillance data were extracted from China's Tuberculosis Information Management System and analyzed using R software (version 4.4.0). After information desensitization, the relevant information of TB patients with differing current and permanent address codes was extracted.

Results: Between 2019 and 2023, we identified 123,945 TB cases among inter-provincial migrants, representing 4.03% (123,945/3,077,951) of all reported TB cases. The primary destination provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) for TB patients were Guangdong (48,183 cases, 38.9%), Zhejiang (27,383 cases, 22.1%), Fujian (8,582 cases, 6.9%), Beijing (7,959 cases, 6.4%), and Shanghai (7,403 cases, 5.9%), collectively accounting for 80.3% of all inter-provincial migrant TB cases. The PLADs with the highest outflow of TB migrants were Sichuan (15,155 cases, 12.23%), Hunan (14,707 cases, 11.87%), Guizhou (13,927 cases, 11.24%), Jiangxi (8,892 cases, 7.17%), and Hubei (8,441 cases, 6.81%). Among these migrant cases, 66.2% were male, 93.0% were newly diagnosed, 2.4% exhibited drug resistance. The proportion of individuals aged 45-64, aged ≥65 and re-treated exhibited a significant annual increase (P<0.001). The overall successful treatment rate was 89.5%, while 5.3% experienced adverse treatment outcomes. Throughout the study period, the lowest proportion of TB cases among inter-provincial migrants occurred in February.

Conclusion: From 2019 to 2023, the characteristics of TB among inter-PLADs migrant patients have undergone certain changes. The migration of TB primarily flows from economically weaker regions to more developed areas, with the main destination PLADs relatively stable. Effective TB control among inter-PLADs migrants requires targeted screening programs focusing on individuals from major source and destination PLADs. Tailored strategies should be developed based on the migration patterns of different PLADs.

What is already known about this topic?: Tuberculosis (TB) represents one of the world's most significant infectious diseases, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The pathogen spreads readily among students due to crowded environments and prolonged close contact during school activities.

What is added by this report?: This outbreak investigation identified 18 TB cases (15 students, 1 teacher, and 2 staff members), including 5 cases with isoniazid-resistant TB. Sixteen pulmonary TB cases demonstrated clear epidemiological linkage, indicating a clustered outbreak spanning multiple households, school grades, and both junior and senior high schools.

What are the implications for public health practice?: This outbreak underscores the critical importance of comprehensive household contact screening. When tuberculosis emerges within a family unit, school contacts - particularly students and teachers - require immediate and thorough screening. Additionally, the outbreak reveals significant gaps in the effectiveness and quality of entrance physical examinations that demand urgent improvement.

What is already known about this topic?: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) represents a clinically significant pathogen and serves as a common causative agent of foodborne intoxication. The S. aureus strain ST59 constitutes the predominant clone associated with both community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) and hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) infections. However, staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) outbreaks attributed to ST59 MRSA have been documented in only a limited number of Chinese cities through retrospective investigations.

What is added by this report?: This report documents the first recorded outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) in Henan Province, which was attributed to the ST59-spa t441-SCCmec IVa CA-MRSA strain producing enterotoxins A and B. The confirmed source of the outbreak was contamination of donkey and goose meat with S. aureus enterotoxins A and B. Additionally, comprehensive genomic analysis identified multiple virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes within the outbreak-related strains.

What are the implications for public health practice?: The identification of foodborne clones of ST59 CA-MRSA in this outbreak underscores the prevalence and transmission risks associated with this hypervirulent lineage. These findings highlight the critical need to strengthen surveillance measures for CA-MRSA among food industry workers and implement enhanced food safety protocols.

What is already known about this topic?: Currently, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is classified into 9 major lineages, each exhibiting distinct geographical distribution patterns and transmission characteristics. In China, Lineage 2 predominates, while Lineage 3 is primarily distributed in the Xinjiang region.

What is added by this report?: This study integrated multidimensional analyses incorporating patient characteristics, strain lineages, drug resistance profiles, and transmission networks, providing a comprehensive elucidation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis molecular epidemiology.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Molecular epidemiological insights into Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in Southern Xinjiang enable precision tuberculosis control.

What is already known about this topic?: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) poses a major threat to global health. The co-production of multiple carbapenemases has emerged as a critical concern, further limiting the effectiveness of last-resort antibiotics such as ceftazidime-avibactam.

What is added by this report?: This study identifies an IncP6 plasmid co-harboring both bla _KPC-2 and bla _IMP-4 in a clinical isolate of K. pneumoniae. Comprehensive genomic analysis reveals a complex plasmid structure shaped by recombination events and highlights its potential for mobilization, underscoring the heightened risk of carbapenem resistance.

What are the implications for public health practice?: The emergence and diversification of plasmids co-harboring distinct carbapenemase genes highlight the urgent need for comprehensive genomic surveillance, stringent infection control protocols, and judicious antimicrobial management. These measures are essential to curtail the spread and evolution of multidrug-resistant organisms, which pose a substantial threat to public health globally.

What is already known about this topic?: Cholera, a severe diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, remains a major global public health concern. In 2023, the World Health Organization reported 535,321 cholera cases and 4,007 deaths in 45 countries. Sporadic cases and epidemic outbreaks of the cholera serogroup O139 have been documented in various Chinese provinces since 1993.

What is added by this report?: This study analyzed the genomic features and antibiotic resistance patterns of 34 Vibrio cholerae O139 strains collected in Anhui Province between 2013 and 2024. The genetic sequences exhibited closer relationships to strains isolated from China than to those from India and Bangladesh, primarily forming two clusters. These strains contain multiple virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Notably, over 50% of the strains lacked the vgrG-2 gene in the type 6 secretion system (T6SS). Additionally, an increasing trend in azithromycin resistance was observed, whereas trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance showed a decreasing trend.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Vibrio cholerae O139 in Anhui Province displayed genomic diversity indicative of domestic origin rather than cross-border transmission. While their pathogenicity is limited, these strains demonstrate robust colonization capabilities and the potential to disseminate AMR genes. The shift in AMR profiles driven by the clinical use of azithromycin poses an ongoing transmission risk for O139 strains and may foster the further emergence of AMR in the region.