中国疾病预防控制中心周报最新文献

What is already known about this topic?: Rabies is a fatal, but preventable, viral disease. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which includes the administration of passive immune preparations, is critical after exposure to the rabies virus, particularly in high-risk cases. The delayed or missed application of passive immunizing agents may increase the risk of infection.

What is added by this report?: SYN023, a novel anti-rabies monoclonal antibody cocktail, can effectively reverse the course of rabies infection, even at a late stage of the disease. In a mouse model infected with the rabies virus strain SC16, multiple high-dose injections of SYN023 administered 5 days post-inoculation rescued 69% of the animals.

What are the implications for public health practice?: These findings suggest that SYN023 could serve as a promising therapeutic agent for rabies PEP, particularly in cases in which treatment initiation is delayed. This study provides a scientific basis for future clinical trials aimed at improving rabies treatment protocols.

In the context of World Alzheimer's Month 2025, this perspective article examines the current state of care continuity for people living with dementia in China and identifies critical gaps in this domain. The article further reviews existing global dementia action plans, highlighting the strategic approaches outlined in China's National Action Plan on Response to Dementia (2024-2030). To transform knowledge into meaningful change, this perspective proposes the 3A approach - Awareness, Attitude, and Action - as a comprehensive guiding framework to strengthen and advance the continuum of care.

What is already known about this topic?: Training laypersons can increase cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts by bystanders by improving their intention to perform CPR. However, the association between curriculum content and post-training intention to perform CPR remains unclear.

What is added by this report?: Key curriculum factors in CPR training can effectively improve laypersons' intention to perform CPR following training, and 74.7% of the laypersons enrolled in the training programs reported high CPR intention following training. In the low-intention laypersons, relative to the presence of zero to four factors, the coexistence of five to seven factors and eight or nine factors were associated with 174.7% [rate ratio (RR)=2.747; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.964-7.826] and 283.6% (RR=3.836; 95% CI: 1.493-9.857) increase in high-intention incidence, respectively. A dose-response relationship was found in an indirect pathway in high-intention laypersons before training. However, the overall proportion of participants exposed to all nine curriculum factors was only 57.7%.

What are the implications for public health practice?: The translation of training into high post-course intention remains suboptimal in China. Identifying and improving curriculum factors linked to CPR intention would increase the prevalence of layperson interventions in China, especially factors that can increase trainees' self-efficacy in recognizing cardiac arrest and performing CPR correctly.

Introduction: Nutrition knowledge (NK) is a key modifiable factor influencing the dietary behavior and nutritional status of children. Currently, nationally representative data assessing NK among Chinese junior high school students are unavailable. This study aimed to assess NK levels using recent, nationally representative data from China.

Methods: A multistage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 28,629 junior high school students from 195 survey sites across 31 provincial-level administrative divisions in China. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire developed using rigorous scientific procedures. NK awareness rates were described as weighted prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup comparisons were performed using the Rao-Scott chi-square test.

Results: The overall NK awareness rate among Chinese junior high school students was 40.0% (95% CI: 36.5%-43.5%). The rates for the five dimensions, dietary recommendations, nutrient content of foods, food and health, food choices, and food safety, were 20.1%, 46.2%, 65.3%, 65.2%, and 65.2%, respectively. The analysis revealed significant variations in overall and dimension-specific awareness rates across groups. Boys, students from rural and western regions, and students from families with lower socioeconomic status had poorer NK levels than their counterparts. Among the 10 knowledge points with the lowest correct rates, seven belonged to dietary recommendations, two to food safety, and one to food and health.

Conclusion: NK awareness rates among junior high school students require improvement, especially regarding dietary recommendations, which remain a key component of students' nutrition education. Boys, students from rural and western regions, and students from families with lower socioeconomic status should be the key populations for NK dissemination in the future.

What is already known about this topic?: Dengue fever represents one of the most prevalent viral infections annually affecting the general population in endemic regions. It is widely recognized as an acute self-limiting disease, with the virus typically being completely cleared within 2-3 weeks post-infection, without establishing long-term latency. The current consensus is that primary infection with a specific serotype confers lifelong type-specific immunity, thereby preventing reinfection with an identical dengue virus serotype.

What is added by this report?: We report the case of a patient with leukemia who developed a confirmed dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) infection during chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Notably, 6 months after the resolution of the initial infection, the same patient tested positive again for DENV-1 nucleic acid while undergoing intensive immunosuppression following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

What are the implications for public health practice?: For patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and receiving immunosuppressive therapy, clinicians should be vigilant about the potential for persistent dengue infection, particularly in dengue-endemic regions. Furthermore, implementing prolonged serological monitoring post-infection is also crucial for the clinical management of this patient population.

The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis in China has escalated into a critical public health threat. Extensive antibiotic use in both clinical and agricultural settings has created strong selective pressures, promoting the emergence of resistant strains and accelerating their dissemination. This increasing threat is exemplified by the rapid spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Consequently, genomic surveillance of these pathogens and the development of effective countermeasures are urgently needed. In this paper, we highlight three critical dimensions of the AMR challenge in China, which include the recent emergence of resistant bacteria, genomic surveillance efforts, and progress in the development of novel antimicrobial agents. By synthesizing recent research on the evolutionary dynamics of drug-resistant pathogens in China and outlining innovative antimicrobial strategies, this study provides insights to guide evidence-based antimicrobial stewardship programs.

What is already known about this topic?: Echinococcosis remains a significant zoonotic threat in western China, with canines serving as the primary reservoir for Echinococcus transmission. Despite monthly praziquantel (PZQ) deworming programs, challenges in compliance persist in remote pastoral regions due to logistical constraints.

What is added by this report?: The smart health education pillbox (SHEP) demonstrated a 22.62% reduction in the overall cost of dog deworming, an increase of 52.59% in the proportion of dogs receiving the recommended annual deworming frequency of 9-12 times, a 35.45% decrease in the risk of Echinococcus infection, and a 1.55-fold higher protective efficacy against canine echinococcosis transmission compared to conventional manual deworming (CMD) approaches.

What are the implications for public health practice?: These results indicate that SHEP reduces labor costs and mitigates echinococcosis transmission risk, highlighting its potential as a valuable tool for disease control.

Introduction: Monkeypox (Mpox) has reemerged globally, with thousands of confirmed cases reported in China. However, limited data exist on the genomic variations and transmission patterns of monkeypox virus (MPXV) in southwestern China.

Methods: Clinical samples from Mpox cases and sewage samples from wastewater treatment plants were collected from Sichuan Province for whole-genome sequencing and MPXV analysis.

Results: In the second half of 2023, 96 clinical samples from Mpox patients were collected, yielding 58 full-length viral genomes. All sequenced viruses belonged to the Western African clade (IIb), comprising three C.1 and fifty-five C.1.1 sequences. This study determined that Mpox cases in Sichuan originated from both importation and subsequent local transmission, with evidence of at least six distinct transmission clusters. Additionally, 26 sewage samples were collected, and 3 complete MPXV genomes were constructed. Analysis of viral genomes from sewage samples demonstrated a 95% concordance in high-frequency mutation sites with those observed in clinical cases, suggesting that sewage surveillance effectively captures diagnosed cases and serves as a robust complement to conventional monitoring. The integration of newly sequenced genomes with published data revealed an increased mutation rate in MPXV, along with fluctuating patterns of expansion and contraction of the effective viral population size.

Conclusion: This study provides preliminary insights into MPXV transmission dynamics and genomic evolution in Sichuan and demonstrates the utility of sewage monitoring in tracking viral diversity.

What is already known about this topic?: Zoonotic diseases, particularly those caused by viruses capable of cross-species transmission, represent a significant threat to global public health security. Suidae have been recognized as critical intermediate hosts in numerous zoonotic virus transmission pathways. However, previous research has predominantly concentrated on individual viruses or isolated outbreaks, thereby constraining our comprehensive understanding of broader cross-species transmission patterns and risk factors.

What is added by this report?: This study systematically investigates cross-species transmission patterns of Suidae-related zoonotic viruses using comprehensive data from public databases, including the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Through the integration of viral characteristics, host factors, environmental variables, and anthropogenic influences, we constructed predictive models to identify transmission hotspots and assess potential cross-species events. The research provides a comprehensive, data-driven framework for understanding zoonotic virus dynamics on a global scale.

What are the implications for public health practice?: These findings provide robust theoretical foundations and practical tools for early warning systems and targeted prevention strategies for zoonotic diseases, particularly those involving Suidae as intermediate hosts. This research advances the One Health approach by elucidating the interconnected roles of humans, animals, and environmental factors in viral transmission dynamics, thereby informing evidence-based global surveillance and response strategies for pandemic preparedness.