中国疾病预防控制中心周报最新文献

What is already known about this topic?: Recent years have witnessed increasing reports of acute respiratory outbreaks caused by novel recombinant human adenovirus (HAdV). In November 2023, researchers at the Medical University of Hannover in Germany identified HAdV-B114.

What is added by this report?: The six strains of HAdV isolated in this outbreak were 100% homologous and also had the highest homology with the GenBank reference OR853835 for HAdV-B114 at 99.9%, 100%, and 99.8% in penton base gene hexon gene, and fiber gene. This is the first documented outbreak in China associated with HAdV-B114.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Given that genetically recombined HAdVs can pose serious threats to human health and trigger emerging infectious disease outbreaks, continuous monitoring - particularly of novel recombinant types based onpenton base gene, hexon gene, and fiber gene sequences - should be prioritized to enable early detection and effective public health response.

Introduction: To establish baseline radioactivity levels and ensure the safety of drinking water quality in China, gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity levels in drinking water were surveyed from 2012 to 2024.

Methods: The surveillance was conducted through the national monitoring system for radioactivity in drinking water, organized by The National Institute for Radiological Protection (NIRP) during the period 2012-2024. Drinking water samples were collected and pretreated in accordance with a unified protocol, and radioactivity was determined using alpha/beta counting systems by local laboratories.

Results: From 2012 to 2024, over 11,000 drinking water samples were collected and analyzed across 29 provinces, including areas surrounding nuclear power plants. The mean concentration ranges of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity levels in all regions and various water bodies were 0.01-0.17 Bq/L and 0.05-0.38 Bq/L, respectively, all of which are below the guidance values specified in the national standard GB 5749 (0.5 Bq/L for gross alpha and 1 Bq/L for gross beta). However, the gross alpha and gross beta activity levels in well water were higher than those in other water bodies. The results indicate that radioactivity in drinking water primarily originates from natural radionuclides.

Conclusions: Drinking water in China maintains normal background levels of radioactivity. Nuclear power plant operations do not seem to have an impact on surrounding water sources.

Introduction: Traditional dengue surveillance operates reactively, frequently lagging behind viral transmission patterns and thereby impeding timely public health responses. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) presents significant potential for proactive early warning systems. This study sought to implement and validate the first community-level WBE system for dengue during an active outbreak, evaluating its capacity to detect cryptic transmission and provide actionable intelligence for public health interventions.

Methods: During a dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) outbreak, we collected 618 wastewater grab samples from manholes within a 200-m radius of 8 reported cases, along with matched patient serum and urine samples. We systematically compared magnetic bead and polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration methods for viral recovery efficiency. DENV-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) was detected and quantified using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Positive samples underwent genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to confirm environmental signals and determine viral lineages.

Results: The magnetic bead method demonstrated superior performance with a limit of detection of 10 copies/mL and was selected based on its higher recovery efficiency (59.7%). We successfully detected DENV-1 in 14 of 618 wastewater samples tested. Critically, a positive wastewater signal from one residential building preceded the clinical diagnosis of a new case within that same location by several hours. For a single patient, we successfully generated matched viral genomic sequences from serum, urine, and wastewater samples, providing definitive validation of the environmental signal's authenticity.

Conclusions: Community-level wastewater surveillance represents a powerful and effective tool for dengue control programs. This approach provides actionable early warnings by detecting cryptic viral transmission before cases receive clinical identification. Such capabilities enable public health authorities to deploy preemptive, geographically-targeted interventions, including vector control measures, fundamentally improving both the speed and precision of outbreak responses while helping to mitigate disease spread.

This study systematically evaluated the spatial distribution, health risks, and regulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in global drinking water using the PubMed and Web of Science databases (January 1, 2000 to February 25, 2025). Among the 122 studies reviewed, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) received the greatest research attention (detected in 102 and 100 studies, respectively) and showed the highest detection rates (64.69% and 60.72%, respectively). Several other compounds, including perfluorooctane sulfonamide, perfluorobutanesulfonamide, and perfluoropropane sulfonate, also exhibited high detection rates but remain underregulated, underscoring the need for further research and regulatory oversight. The three countries with the highest concentrations of [Formula: see text] were the Republic of Korea, the United States, and China. Risk assessments indicated that perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluorobutanoic acid, and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid posed negligible health risks, while perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), PFOA, PFOS, and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) showed descending levels of health risk (PFHxS > PFOA > PFOS > PFNA). Regulatory approaches are shifting from compound-specific standards to integrated mixture-based frameworks, reinforced by progressively stringent limits.

This article systematically reviews the significant progress China has made in the field of air pollution health risk assessment since 2013, including the establishment of the national monitoring network, the improvement of relevant laws and formulation of technical guidelines. The paper focuses on an in-depth discussion of the current core challenges: the disconnection between health risk and decision-making, the lack of a multi-sectoral coordination mechanism, the imperfection of the technical system (particularly for mixed exposures and emerging pollutants), and the novel risks posed by global climate change. Based on this analysis, we prospectively propose fundamental pathways to advance the field: 1) constructing a robust management mechanism and coordination framework; 2) promoting the integration of the full environmental health risk assessment process into the decision-making pipeline (an "assessment-management interaction" paradigm); and 3) strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration and leveraging innovative technologies to refine the technical assessment system.

What is already known on this topic?: China has the world's largest population of individuals who are overweight or obese, contributing to the growing burden of colorectal cancer (CRC). Screening is an effective strategy for reducing CRC mortality and incidence.

What is added by this report?: Using a simulation model, we found that CRC screening reduces incidence and mortality across all body mass index groups (normal, overweight, and obese) in China, with greater quality-adjusted life-year gains and 6%-14% higher colonoscopy efficiency in individuals who are overweight or obese. Screening proved to be more cost-effective for these groups, despite high lifetime healthcare expenditures.

What are the implications for public health practice?: CRC screening in China can prioritize populations with excess weight and incorporate weight management to improve health outcomes and control long-term healthcare costs.

Introduction: Obesity has emerged as a critical public health challenge in China, with prevalence rates rising steadily across all age groups and threatening both long-term health outcomes and economic sustainability. This study examines China's current obesity prevention and control landscape, comparing it with international practices to provide evidence-based recommendations for strengthening national strategies.

Methods: Between July and October 2023, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and engaged 19 experts (9 from China; 10 from the United States (US), Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), and Spain) through purposive, criterion-based sampling. We collected data using a semi-structured questionnaire covering personal information, obesity-related policies and service status, and recommendations for China. Quantitative data underwent descriptive analysis, while qualitative data were examined using thematic analysis.

Results: Experts identified persistent barriers in China's obesity control efforts, including fragmented policies, insufficient public awareness, suboptimal service quality, and limited healthcare facilities. Compared with high-income countries, China's approach lacks robust regulatory frameworks and effective multisectoral coordination mechanisms.

Conclusions: These findings underscore the urgent need for China to strengthen evidence-based, integrated approaches to obesity prevention and management. Adapting successful international experiences to local contexts will be essential for enhancing national obesity control efforts and advancing the Healthy China initiative goals.

Obesity has emerged as a critical public health challenge worldwide and in China, substantially contributing to the burden of chronic diseases, including cancer. In response, China launched the "Weight Management Year" initiative in 2024, representing a strategic shift toward upstream interventions in chronic disease control. This perspective examines the essential role of obesity control in cancer prevention across the complete prevention continuum - primordial (zero-level), primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. The initiative presents a unique opportunity to integrate weight management strategies into health promotion, early risk identification, screening programs, and post-diagnosis rehabilitation. It emphasizes incorporating obesity-related cancer prevention into routine healthcare through digital platforms, multidisciplinary collaboration, and population-wide education campaigns. However, significant challenges persist, including limited public awareness of obesity's carcinogenic risks, insufficient integration between clinical and public health systems, and inadequate multi-sectoral cooperation. Moving forward, cancer prevention in China must transition from a reactive, screening-focused model to a proactive, life-course approach centered on behavioral and lifestyle interventions. Strengthening risk communication, institutionalizing weight management across all prevention levels, and fostering cross-sectoral collaboration are essential for building a sustainable, population-wide cancer prevention framework.

What is already known about this topic?: Central obesity is a recognized risk factor for several types of cancers. However, most supporting evidence originates from Western populations and relies on single adiposity measurements, with limited longitudinal data available from China.

What is added by this report?: Drawing on data from more than 25,000 Chinese adults who each underwent 10 or more health check-ups over 14 years, this study demonstrated that waist-related indicators - particularly Body Mass Index -adjusted waist circumference (WCadjBMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHRadjBMI) - and their inverted U-shaped trajectories are more strongly associated with cancer risk than BMI alone, especially in men and adults aged 50 years and above.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Tracking changes in waist-related fat measures over time may help identify cancer risk earlier than BMI monitoring alone. Integrating central obesity measures into routine screening could improve targeted cancer prevention, particularly for the older and male populations, and advance the goals of Healthy China 2030.

Introduction: Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected individuals presents significant challenges due to difficulties in obtaining specimens containing adequate quantities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the IP-10 mRNA assay independently and in combination with established diagnostic tests for Mtb detection.

Methods: The study cohort comprised 111 HIV-infected individuals who presented with TB at Beijing Youan Hospital from 2022 to 2024. Participants were categorized into confirmed TB, probable TB, or non-TB groups according to the diagnostic criteria for tuberculosis (WS288-2017). The performance of the IP-10 mRNA release assay was evaluated by the STARD guidelines on blood samples collected after enrollment.

Results: The IP-10 mRNA release assay demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity than interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) and culture methods for confirming pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis while maintaining comparable specificity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the diagnostic performance of the IP-10 mRNA release assay used in parallel with Xpert MTB/RIF significantly exceeded that of the IP-10 mRNA release assay alone (0.731 vs. 0.687, P=0.02). Among HIV-infected individuals, the IP-10 mRNA release assay showed superior performance compared to IGRAs for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Conclusions: The IP-10 mRNA release assay exhibited excellent diagnostic performance and demonstrates substantial potential as an auxiliary tool for diagnosing TB in HIV-infected individuals. The combined application of IP-10.TB and Xpert MTB/RIF further enhance diagnostic efficacy.