中国疾病预防控制中心周报最新文献

What is already known about this topic?: Alcohol is a Group 1 carcinogen; in China, high alcohol use substantially contributes to the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) burden.

What is added by this report?: From 1990-2023, age-standardized high alcohol use-attributable NCDs death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates declined markedly (-57.6%, -46.9%), while absolute numbers rose slightly (11.8%, 6.9%). In 2023, neoplasms led DALYs, followed by substance use disorders; diabetes and kidney diseases are smaller but rising (160.22%, 2010-2023). Sex disparity persists (male-to-female NCDs DALY ratio 10.64). Provincial and disease-specific burdens are linked.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Prioritize substance use disorders and monitor rising diabetes and kidney diseases; continue reducing the neoplasms burden; tailor prevention by age, sex, region and cause.

What is already known about this topic?: In 2018, past-month and past-year alcohol use prevalence among Chinese adults aged 18+ years was 28.3% and 39.8%, respectively.

What is added by this report?: In 2024, alcohol use prevalence among Chinese individuals aged 15+ years was 20.3% (past-month) and 27.6% (past-year), with higher rates observed among males and young to middle-aged adults. Notably, over 40% of current drinkers engaged in heavy episodic drinking (HED).

What are the implications for public health practice?: Gender-specific intervention strategies targeting males and young to middle-aged adults are needed. The high prevalence of HED among current drinkers warrants particular attention in prevention efforts.

What is already known about this topic?: Co-infection outbreaks involving norovirus and rotavirus in school settings highlight the essential role of stringent hygiene protocols and rapid, coordinated public health responses in mitigating acute gastroenteritis transmission.

What is added by this report?: This outbreak revealed a norovirus-rotavirus co-infection outbreak in a primary school. The outbreak affected 14 cases within a single class (38.9% attack rate), all presenting with mild symptoms. Laboratory testing revealed co-infection in 1 anal swab sample and 4 environmental samples (both norovirus GI and rotavirus A positive). Importantly, family-based active case surveillance identified 1 asymptomatic norovirus GI carrier.

What are the implications for public health practice?: It is worth noting that individuals with atypical symptoms and socially active individuals warrant heightened attention during outbreak investigations. Pathogen identification is critical, as different pathogens exhibit distinct transmission characteristics that inform control strategies. This outbreak provides valuable real-world evidence to guide future outbreak response protocols.

Introduction: Traditional dietary surveys are time-consuming, and manual recording may lead to omissions. Improvement during data collection is essential to enhance accuracy of nutritional surveys. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have been rapidly developed, which can provide text-processing functions and assist investigators in conducting dietary surveys.

Methods: Thirty-eight participants from 15 families in the Huangpu and Jiading districts of Shanghai were selected. A standardized 24-hour dietary recall protocol was conducted using an intelligent recording pen that simultaneously captured audio data. These recordings were then transcribed into text. After preprocessing, we used GLM-4 for prompt engineering and chain-of-thought for collaborative reasoning, output structured data, and analyzed its integrity and consistency. Model performance was evaluated using precision and F1 scores.

Results: The overall integrity rate of the LLM-based structured data reached 92.5%, and the overall consistency rate compared with manual recording was 86%. The LLM can accurately and completely recognize the names of ingredients and dining and production locations during the transcription. The LLM achieved 94% precision and an F1 score of 89.7% for the full dataset.

Conclusion: LLM-based text recognition and structured data extraction can serve as effective auxiliary tools to improve efficiency and accuracy in traditional dietary surveys. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, more accurate and efficient auxiliary tools can be developed for more precise and efficient data collection in nutrition research.

In response to growing uncertainty in global health driven by geopolitical tensions, pandemics, and climate-related challenges, global health education must evolve to equip students with theoretical knowledge and core competencies, such as leadership, cross-cultural communication, and strategic thinking. This study reviews the updates to the International Health Project Management (IHPM) course and examines its three key changes: introducing a student-oriented teaching module, incorporating teamwork and role-play to promote autonomy and accountability; expanding geographic flexibility to encourage broader strategic thinking; and strengthening team dynamics through clearer role definitions and targeted support mechanisms. Students formed project teams, established internal regulations, and selected global health scenarios for project design. This revised approach fostered in-depth discussions that encouraged open-minded thinking, enabling students to move beyond disease-focused content to strategic systemic considerations. Greater group ownership also improved collaboration and accountability, addressing common teamwork challenges such as role confusion and uneven participation. However, the analytical depth varied depending on students' disciplinary backgrounds. Finally, we argue that a tiered curriculum that moves from theory to competency building can better support student growth. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of student-oriented approaches to strengthen leadership, cross-cultural communication, and strategic thinking, competencies essential for contributing to a shared future for global health.

What is already known about this topic?: International frameworks for evaluating school public health primarily emphasize enhancing student health literacy, whereas domestic research tends to focus on isolated domains, resulting in a fragmented system lacking comprehensive integration.

What is added by this report?: Through two rounds of expert consultations, this study developed a three-tier evaluation indicator system for Beijing's primary and secondary school public health system, comprising 59 indicators. The results demonstrated strong expert consensus and high reliability.

What are the implications for public health practice?: The indicator system developed in this study demonstrates high levels of expert participation, authority, and coordination, which supports its practical applicability. It provides actionable guidance for strengthening and improving public health systems in primary and secondary schools.

What is already known on this topic?: As a critical component of China's public health emergency response infrastructure, the National Emergency Response Team of Infectious Disease (NERID) currently lacks comprehensive documentation regarding its management practices and capacity-building initiatives.

What is added by this report?: This study provides the first nationwide comprehensive evaluation of NERID development and management, encompassing 20 teams distributed across seven geographic regions. Principal findings identified significant challenges in full-time staffing allocation, equipment standardization protocols, and pronounced regional disparities in training and drill implementation.

What are the implications for public health practice?: This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the current management status and capacity-building levels of NERID. Public health practice urgently needs to strengthen dedicated personnel management, accelerate digital infrastructure development, intensify training and drill programs, and ensure comprehensive preparedness for future major public health emergencies.

In the context of globalization, national capacities for responding to public health emergencies are evaluated using various global assessment tools, most notably the externally derived Global Health Security Index (GHSI), the peer-reviewed Joint External Evaluation (JEE), and the self-reported States Parties Self-Assessment Annual Report (SPAR). These instruments are designed to strengthen emergency response systems worldwide. However, the dynamic transmission characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic exposed significant discrepancies, as assessment scores from these tools did not consistently align with countries' actual pandemic response performance. This review examines the performance of these assessment tools throughout the pandemic and identifies three fundamental issues that undermined the effectiveness of GHSI, JEE, and SPAR evaluations. Although indicators across eight technical areas were revised following the pandemic, substantial modifications remain necessary to address the identified limitations. To enhance the utility of these assessment frameworks, systematic revisions are required in multiple domains: restructuring the indicator system architecture, diversifying data sources while expanding indicator dimensions, strengthening data verification protocols, refining weight allocation methodologies, incorporating real-time data streams, and ultimately establishing a dynamic monitoring and assessment system.

What is already known about this topic?: Mental health problems in older adults have become a major public health concern.

What is added by this report?: The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in adults aged ≥60 years was 13.8% and 8.0%, respectively. Compared with good sleep quality, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of depression and anxiety for those with poor sleep quality was 7.88 (6.33, 9.79) and 6.42 (5.02, 8.22), respectively.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Early screening for depression and anxiety, lifestyle interventions and chronic disease management should be strengthened to promote mental health of older adults.

What is already known on this topic?: Musculoskeletal disorders, including gout, low back pain (LBP), osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), impose a substantial global health burden that intensifies with population aging. China confronts distinctive challenges stemming from rapid demographic aging and evolving occupational patterns, yet comprehensive analysis using the latest Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 data to inform long-term prevention strategies remains absent.

What is added by this report?: This study demonstrates that from 1990 to 2023, the disease burdens of gout, OA, and RA increased continuously, whereas the burden of LBP declined. Predictive modeling indicates these divergent trajectories - growth for gout, OA, and RA versus reduction for LBP - will persist through 2043. Additionally, substantial gender- and age-specific variations in disease burden were identified, with peak impacts concentrated in the 40-80 age range.

What are the implications for public health practice?: The rising burden of these musculoskeletal diseases, concentrated in the 40-80 age group, necessitates urgent interventions aligned with "Healthy China 2030" objectives. Key priorities must include managing modifiable risk factors (body mass index, occupational ergonomics), implementing targeted screening programs for high-risk populations (males for gout, females for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis), and optimizing hierarchical diagnosis and rehabilitation systems to mitigate long-term disability.