中国疾病预防控制中心周报最新文献

What is already known about this topic?: Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality have been epidemiologically associated with cardiometabolic disorders. However, limited research has examined the relationship between prolonged sleep latency, an increasingly prevalent sleep disorder, and hypertension.

What is added by this report?: Approximately 25% of residents in 4 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) in the southern China experienced prolonged sleep latency. Both occasional and habitual prolonged sleep latency were significantly associated with increased odds of hypertension.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Given the increasing prevalence of hypertension, health initiatives should focus on raising awareness about prolonged sleep latency and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate hypertension risk.

What is already known about this topic?: Childhood trauma represents a critical risk factor for substance use among young populations globally, presenting a substantial public health challenge.

What is added by this report?: This comprehensive investigation elucidates the distinct associations between specific subtypes of childhood trauma and substance use behaviors within the Chinese youth population. The findings demonstrate significantly elevated risks for smoking, e-cigarette use, and alcohol consumption, particularly among individuals who have experienced severe or multiple forms of childhood trauma.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Implementation of targeted interventions and support systems is essential for individuals with childhood trauma histories. Healthcare providers should emphasize early identification and trauma-informed care approaches. Policy frameworks promoting early intervention and sustained support mechanisms are crucial for reducing substance use behaviors and enhancing population health outcomes.

What is already known about this topic?: Scrub typhus is an acute infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi that is transmitted primarily through the bite of infected chigger mite larvae. The disease prevalence is closely associated with environments characterized by high moisture levels and abundant vegetation.

What is added by this report?: This study documents the first confirmed case of scrub typhus in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. The patient presented with characteristic clinical manifestations, including abnormal biochemical indicators and positive serum-specific IgM antibodies against scrub typhus. Epidemiological evidence suggests local acquisition of the disease.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Enhanced surveillance and preventive measures for scrub typhus are essential in this region, particularly for individuals residing in or visiting areas where the disease may be endemic.

What is already known about this topic?: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a major cause of mortality and disability in China's population. Ambient particulate matter pollution (APMP) has been established as a significant risk factor contributing to CVD development.

What is added by this report?: Analysis of data from 1990 to 2021 reveals a substantial increase in APMP-attributable CVD mortality across China. While recent trends show decreased mortality risk associated with APMP-attributable CVD, birth cohort analysis demonstrates continued risk elevation in males but declining risk in females born after 1971.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Enhanced surveillance and regulation of APMP, coupled with targeted health promotion strategies, are crucial, particularly for elderly populations and males who show increased vulnerability.

What is already known about this topic?: Suicide behaviors are prevalent among inpatients with schizophrenia. However, the relationships between psychiatric symptoms, sleep disturbances, and suicide risk remain poorly understood in these high-risk populations.

What is added by this report?: In a study of 672 schizophrenia inpatients across 9 hospitals in 4 Chinese provinces, the prevalence of suicide risk was 22.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 19.3%, 25.6%]. The study identified significant associations between suicide risk and multiple clinical factors, including poor sleep quality, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and other psychiatric manifestations such as thinking disorder and activation.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Understanding the common sleep-related and psychiatric factors associated with suicide risk in hospitalized schizophrenia patients will enable clinicians and policymakers to better identify clinical risk indicators and enhance the quality of suicide prevention and treatment programs.

Objective: Integrated congenital heart disease (CHD) services were implemented in Beijing in 2022. This study analyzed prenatal diagnosis patterns and neonatal mortality data for duct-dependent CHDs before and after implementation to provide insights for service optimization.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 487 cases of duct-dependent CHDs identified through the Beijing Birth Defects Monitoring System from January 2021 to December 2022. The study population included fetuses and infants from 13 weeks gestation to one year after birth. Cases underwent descriptive analysis focusing on disease occurrence, diagnostic timing, and mortality outcomes.

Results: The prenatal diagnosis rate for duct-dependent CHDs increased from 93.39% in 2021 to 93.91% in 2022, while delayed diagnosis rates decreased from 4.28% to 3.91%. Genetic diagnosis rates improved from 27.92% to 31.94%. Live birth rates following prenatal diagnosis increased substantially from 28.75% to 40.28%. Outcomes varied significantly by CHD subtypes, with complete transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum achieving an 82.14% live birth rate, while hypoplastic left heart syndrome cases resulted in no live births. Notably, neonatal mortality decreased markedly from 7.23% to 3.03%.

Conclusions: Beijing's integrated service model for CHDs has effectively strengthened the connection between secondary and tertiary prevention strategies, reduced unnecessary pregnancy terminations, and improved neonatal survival outcomes.

What is already known about this topic?: The number of reported cases of human brucellosis significantly increased from 45,046 (3.25/100,000) in 2019 to 70,439 (4.99/100,000) in 2023.

What is added by this report?: Human brucellosis continued to spread and expand of in northern China, with the most cases reported in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (n=87,961), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (n=27,845) and Shanxi Province (n=21,932). In southern China, reported cases increased substantially from 2,036 in 2019 to 5,128 in 2023. Joinpoint regression analysis revealed an upward trend in incidence rate across 29 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs), with an annual percent change (APC) of 12.86, (P<0.05), with particularly rapid increases observed in most southern PLADs. Spatiotemporal analysis identified high-risk clusters concentrated in the northwestern and northeastern regions.

What are the implications for public health practice?: With the continued worsening of human brucellosis over the past five years, implementing strict controls on the movement of infected animals is urgeent.

What is already known about this topic?: Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria that can infect many species of animals and humans.

What is added by this report?: The global Brucella demonstrates distinct territorial distribution patterns: B. abortus predominantly in Africa and North America, B. melitensis dominates in Asia and Europe, and B. suis is most prevalent in Europe. B. melitensis exhibits the highest host and genotype diversity, with most strains isolated from human cases, indicating persistent animal reservoirs and repeated human transmission. Brucella spp. demonstrates region-specific lineage distributions: African B. abortus strains cluster within abortus B lineage, while Asian, American, and European strains group within abortus C. Eastern Mediterranean B. melitensis strains show predominant distribution across Asia and Europe, while B. suis strains display genetic heterogeneity across different geographical regions.

What are the implications for public health practice?: While B. melitensis represents a global public health challenge, B. abortus and B. suis pose more localized concerns. Implementation of livestock brucellosis control programs is essential for reducing human health risks.

What is already known about this topic?: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) coinfection with other respiratory pathogens frequently occurs in young children with acute respiratory illness. However, the epidemiological patterns and associated disease burden of HRSV coinfections in pediatric populations remain poorly characterized.

What is added by this report?: Analysis of hospitalized children under 5 years in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2023 revealed that 20.4% experienced HRSV coinfections, with bacterial coinfections substantially exceeding viral coinfections (14.1% vs. 5.3%). M. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae emerged as predominant bacterial copathogens, while human rhinovirus and cytomegalovirus were the most prevalent viral coinfection agents. HRSV coinfections were associated with significantly higher disease burden compared to HRSV monoinfection [median expense: 4,971.4 Chinese Yuan (CNY) vs. 4,649.1 CNY; P<0.05].

What are the implications for public health practice?: Implementation of comprehensive prevention strategies, including vaccination programs, nonpharmaceutical interventions, and enhanced surveillance of multiple respiratory pathogens, is essential to reduce HRSV coinfections and their associated disease burden during periods of high respiratory pathogen circulation.