中国疾病预防控制中心周报最新文献

What is already known about this topic?: Since China's first imported Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) case in 2008, 16 provinces have reported cases, primarily imported from endemic areas in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Africa. Most of China, including Anhui Province, is non-endemic; Anhui had no cases prior to August 2025.

What is added by this report?: This report documents the first laboratory-confirmed imported case of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection in Anhui Province and presents the complete viral genome sequence. Comprehensive clinical documentation characterizes the patient's symptoms in detail, including fever, arthralgia, and cutaneous manifestations, thereby addressing a critical gap in the regional clinical profile of CHIKV infection. Comparative analysis of real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) results demonstrated that nucleic acid testing provides superior sensitivity during the acute phase of infection.

What are the implications for public health practice?: This case underscores China's escalating CHIKF risk. Key implications are: 1) Establishing a cross-regional surveillance network is vital for enhanced case and vector detection sensitivity; 2) In non-endemic areas, strengthening public health education on CHIKV risks is essential for imported disease control. Effectively reducing the burden of vector-borne diseases requires strengthened international cooperation, multi-sectoral collaboration, and innovative technologies.

The 2025 Asia Pacific Congress on Public Health, held in Boao, China, in November 2025, released a transnational consensus and jointly issued the Boao Initiative by Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, World Federation of Public Health Associations, and other six associations from the Asia Pacific region. Centered on the core themes of equity, resilience, and innovation, the Initiative proposes a "Four-in-One" collaborative action plan to address the Asia Pacific region's severe public health challenges. These challenges include fragmented regional public health governance, widening health inequalities, increasing climate-health risks, and structural constraints on digital transformation. To tackle these issues, the "Four-in-One" plan includes four key components: 1) Strengthening regional governance and building joint prevention and control defenses; 2) Advancing health equity and protecting every life; 3) Enhancing health adaptation to climate change and building a resilient barrier; and 4) Leading digital innovation and empowering smart health systems. The initiative underscores the importance of transnational cooperation to build a comprehensive, inclusive, and sustainable public health framework. It reaffirms the Asia Pacific region's commitment to global health governance, advocating for shared responsibility to overcome disparities and foster resilience through innovation. Therefore, the Boao Initiative serves as a strategic roadmap for achieving equitable health outcomes and strengthening regional collaboration in public health.

What is already known about this topic?: HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 50 and above has been increasing. This population has a low testing rate and insufficient knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) prevention. At present, limited strategies are available for improving the testing coverage among elderly MSM.

What is added by this report?: By comparing with the traditional testing strategy, our study found that Volunteer-Based Social Network HIV Testing Services (VBSNS) could significantly improve the testing coverage and newly reported HIV-positive cases of elderly MSM in the remote suburbs of Tianjin Municipality.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Our study confirmed the feasibility of VBSNS among the elderly MSM population in suburban areas and provides a reference model for improving testing coverage in remote areas.

What is already known about this topic?: Chinese university students face elevated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risks, yet pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) uptake remain low despite proven efficacy.

What is added by this report?: Among 645 high-risk students, 12.87% utilized PrEP and 13.02% utilized PEP. High HIV knowledge strongly predicted awareness [PrEP: adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=5.62; PEP: aOR=3.42], yet among students who understood the services, 70% did not access them. This finding indicates that structural barriers, rather than knowledge deficits, represent the primary constraint limiting cascade effectiveness.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Educational interventions alone are insufficient to improve service uptake; comprehensive strategies that simultaneously address both knowledge deficits and systemic barriers are essential for expanding PrEP and PEP access.

Introduction: The comorbidity of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) represents a persistent global public health challenge. This study examines the epidemiological trends of TB/HIV comorbidity in China during 2020-2024, extending previous analyses from the 2015-2019 period.

Methods: We collected annual TB/HIV comorbidity surveillance data from 32 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) in China, encompassing bidirectional screening protocols, treatment initiation rates, and clinical outcomes. TB screening among people living with HIV (PLHIV) incorporated systematic symptom assessment and chest X-ray or sputum examination. HIV testing for TB patients employed standard serological methodologies. We performed statistical analyses and generated spatial distribution maps using R 4.2.1.

Results: During 2020-2024, 5,970,062 PLHIV were registered nationwide, with TB examination coverage increasing significantly from 90.2% (957,844/1,061,665) to 94.3% (1,246,274/1,321,458) (P<0.01). The overall TB detection rate among PLHIV was 0.5% (27,991/5,506,876). Among 2,843,159 registered TB patients, HIV testing coverage rose from 67.1% (419,332/625,395) to 68.7% (375,488/546,386) (P<0.01), yielding an overall HIV positivity rate of 1.1% (22,030/1,937,418). We identified 31,783 TB/HIV comorbid patients, of whom 70.9% (21,139/29,836) received concurrent antiretroviral therapy (ART) and anti-TB treatment. Treatment success rates declined significantly from 88.6% (9,521/10,751) in 2020 to 82.9% (3,743/4,513) in 2024 (P<0.01), while mortality rate increased from 4.8% (515/10,751) to 8.8% (398/4,513) (P<0.01).

Conclusions: Although bidirectional screening coverage has improved, substantial regional disparities persist alongside concerning trends of declining treatment success rates and increasing mortality. Enhanced implementation of efficient diagnostic technologies, optimized treatment protocols, and comprehensive stigma reduction initiatives are essential to improve survival outcomes for TB/HIV comorbid patients.

What is already known about this topic?: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with clinically significant fibrosis substantially elevates the risk of liver-related complications and mortality. The American Diabetes Association consensus report specifically recommends systematic risk stratification for MASLD and hepatic fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with particular emphasis on those presenting with obesity.

What is added by this report?: This multicenter study demonstrates that obese patients with T2DM exhibit a substantially elevated prevalence of MASLD with clinically significant fibrosis compared to their non-obese counterparts (26.7% vs. 8.4%). Furthermore, the prevalence escalates progressively with the accumulation of cardiometabolic risk factors, highlighting the synergistic impact of multiple metabolic abnormalities on hepatic fibrosis development.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Our findings underscore the critical need for routine screening and integrated management of MASLD with clinically significant fibrosis in patients with T2DM, particularly those presenting with obesity and multiple cardiometabolic risk factors.

What is already known about this topic?: Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use is a global challenge. The World Health Organization's 2017 Medication Without Harm initiative set a target to reduce medication-related harm by 50% within five years. However, trends and disease burden related to PIM use in China have remained unclear.

What is added by this report?: This study found that from 2015 to 2023, the prevalence of PIM use and the associated cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity nearly halved. Nonetheless, substantial disparities persist across sex, age, urban-rural status, and geographic region. Inner Mongolia and Tianjin exhibited the most pronounced reductions after 2018.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Develop population-based systems to monitor medication use. Integrate rational-use training and public education into essential public health services, and strengthen implementation at the primary care level, particularly in northern and northeastern provinces.