中国疾病预防控制中心周报最新文献

What is already known about this topic?: The prevalence of insufficient physical activity (PA) among Chinese adults has shown an upward trend, reaching 22.3% in 2018. Leisure time PA (LTPA) constitutes a minimal proportion of total physical activity patterns.

What is added by this report?: The adherence rate to Physical activity guidelines (PAGs) was 85.7%. While occupational PA remained the predominant form of physical activity, its proportion has decreased. LTPA has emerged from its historically lowest position among activity types. Screen-based activities now constitute the primary form of sedentary behavior.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Strategic interventions are needed to promote LTPA by addressing urban-rural disparities in sports facility access and increasing public venue availability. Additionally, targeted initiatives are required to reduce sedentary time, particularly among young people and urban residents, while maintaining engagement in LTPA.

What is already known about this topic?: Childhood overweight and obesity pose significant risks to physical and mental health. The Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES) has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing malnutrition.

What is added by this report?: From 2012 to 2023, obesity prevalence increased more rapidly (AAPC=10.6%) than overweight prevalence (AAPC=2.0%) among children aged 6-15 years in central and western rural China. A quicker increase in the trends of overweight and obesity was observed in rural western China (AAPC for overweight=3.0%, AAPC for obesity=11.8%), among males (AAPC for overweight=2.1%, AAPC for obesity=10.8%). Additionally, while the prevalence of overweight/obesity was lower in older age groups of children, these cohorts showed more rapid increases.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Continuous monitoring of prevalence and implementation of targeted interventions are essential to prevent and control the expansion of overweight and obesity.

What is already known about this topic?: Public health laboratories (PHLs) are critical for effectively identifying, detecting, preventing, and responding to emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. Following the 2014 Ebola outbreak, Sierra Leone implemented a national laboratory strategic plan (2015-2020) aimed at creating, strengthening, and maintaining laboratory capacities for detecting, assessing, notifying, and reporting incidents, with a requirement to review PHL capabilities every five years.

What is added by this report?: This study assessed the comprehensive capacity and personnel status of PHLs in Sierra Leone using a standardized assessment tool following the implementation of the 2015 National Laboratory Strategic Plan. Among 11 indicators evaluated, laboratory infrastructure and equipment, data and information management, experimental technical training, and laboratory performance received low scores. The assessment revealed critical personnel gaps, including limited staff with extensive work experience and advanced education. Additionally, laboratory staff demonstrated limited capabilities in specialized areas such as gene library creation, primer design, sequencing, surveillance, and field epidemiology and laboratory-related training.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Continued investment and capacity building are essential for PHLs to deliver high-quality testing services and effectively support public health functions. The identified gaps across various indicators must be systematically addressed to strengthen PHL capacity in Sierra Leone.

Since 2016, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has continued to conduct project to assist Sierra Leone in improving its public health capacity and building a laboratory for bacteriological and parasitic diseases. Firstly, we can understand the epidemiological characteristics, etiological characteristics and drug resistance of important infectious diseases in Africa through this project, and provide services and guarantees for the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. Secondly, the project is to carry out scientific research cooperation on the monitoring and detection capacity of major infectious diseases, biosecurity, and prevention and control technologies for important infectious diseases. Thirdly, in order to implement the concept of "building a community with a shared future for mankind", it is important to improve the capacity of Sierra Leone and West Africa to prevent and control infectious diseases, maintain global health security, and participate in global health governance. This article reviews the implementation of the project, and summarizes the experience and shortcomings, in order to help readers achieve better results in future project practice.

What is already known on this topic?: Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are crucial determinants of both physical and mental health outcomes. However, large-scale studies using objective measurements of these behaviors have not been widely implemented across China.

What is added by this report?: Based on World Health Organization guidelines, 56.8% of participants met the recommendation for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by accumulating more than 150 minutes per week. Additionally, 37.3% adhered to the SB guideline of less than 8 hours per day. However, only 2.7% of adults achieved compliance with both MVPA and SB recommendations simultaneously.

What are the implications for public health practice?: This study provides novel insights into PA levels and SB patterns among Chinese adults using waist-mounted accelerometry. The observed trends of insufficient PA and excessive SB in this multi-provincial sample emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary time to foster healthier lifestyle behaviors.

Introduction: Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) is a widely used industrial polymerization material. Current occupational exposure limits (OELs) for GMA in China show significant disparities compared to those established by international regulatory bodies, including the United States, the European Union, and Japan. A comprehensive revision of GMA exposure limits is crucial for ensuring optimal worker protection.

Methods: This investigation analyzed data from a 104-week inhalation carcinogenicity study of GMA in mice conducted in Japan. This study identified statistically significant pathological endpoints and employed benchmark dose (BMD) analysis to evaluate meaningful endpoints, focusing on those with the lowest benchmark dose lower bound values. The final recommendations were optimized using Bayesian model averaging (BMA) methodology to establish appropriate OELs.

Results: Our analysis recommends a time-weighted average allowable concentration of 0.01 ppm for GMA, which aligns with international standards established by the European Chemicals Agency (0.016 ppm), Japan Society for Occupational Health (0.012 ppm), and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (0.01 ppm).

Conclusion: The combined application of BMD and BMA methodologies represents a scientifically robust approach for deriving points of departure in risk assessment. These evidence-based OELs are essential for effective occupational hazard management and worker health protection.

Introduction: Suspected occupational noise-induced deafness (ONID) represents the most prevalent suspected occupational disease in Guangdong Province and is among the most frequently reported nationwide. Given its public health significance, we conducted a systematic investigation of suspected ONID cases in Guangdong from 2014 to 2023, analyzing their epidemiological characteristics and diagnostic outcomes to inform evidence-based policies for ONID prevention and management.

Methods: Data on suspected ONID cases reported in Guangdong Province from 2014 to 2023 were extracted from the "Occupational Diseases and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System." Cases were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods, with joinpoint regression analysis employed to assess long-term trends.

Results: From 2014 to 2023, 16,987 suspected ONID cases were reported in Guangdong Province, comprising 65.22% of all suspected occupational disease cases (26,044). Cases exhibited a significant increasing trend (Average annual percentage change: 11.8%, 95% CI: 2.9%-22.3%, P = 0.013). The Pearl River Delta region accounted for 87.9% of all cases, with manufacturing being the predominant industry (90.1%). Within manufacturing, the metal products industry represented the highest proportion (15.2%). Males constituted 87.7% (14,905/16,987) of cases. Analysis of diagnostic outcomes from 2020 to 2023 revealed an overall diagnostic procedure initiation rate of 45.1%, with a subsequent confirmation rate of 48.9%.

Conclusions: Guangdong Province demonstrates high occurrence patterns of suspected ONID cases, particularly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta region and manufacturing sectors. The low rates of diagnostic procedure initiation and confirmation highlight the urgent need for enhanced regulatory oversight of diagnostic procedures and the development of expert consensus on suspected ONID identification criteria to improve diagnostic confirmation rates.

What is already known about this topic?: Lower extremity musculoskeletal diseases (LE-MSDs) have emerged as a significant contributor to the global disease economic burden and worker absenteeism, becoming a global public health concern. However, the epidemic characteristics of LE-MSDs among occupational populations in China are unknown.

What is added by this report?: This report finds that the LE-MSDs prevalence rate among key occupational groups in China is 17.7%, with the top 5 being toy manufacturing, medical personnel, automobile manufacturing, nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing, and coal mining and washing.

What are the implications for public health practice?: This study investigated the occurrence of LE-MSDs in key industries in China and its possible risk factors to provide big data support for preventing and controlling such diseases in these industries.

Introduction: Pneumoconiosis is the most prevalent occupational disease in China, with coal worker pneumoconiosis (CWP) demonstrating the highest incidence. Studies have indicated that phospholipids may be associated with CWP.

Methods: In this study, serum was obtained from 62 patients with pneumoconiosis, 105 coal dust-exposed workers, and 50 healthy individuals and analyzed via targeted lipidomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). After initially identifying phospholipids with significant differences through univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. The differential phospholipids identified in patient samples were then integrated to assess their diagnostic potential for CWP using a support vector machine (SVM).

Results: Compared with healthy subjects, the levels of Lyso-PS (18:0) were decreased, while PC (16:0), PC (18:0), PC (16:0/18:1), PI (16:0/18:1), PS (18:1), PG (16:0), and PG (18:0/18:1) were significantly increased in the pneumoconiosis group, with an area under the curve (AUC)>0.7. Moreover, compared with the dust-exposed group, Lyso-PC (16:0), PC (16:0), PC (16:0/18:1), PI (16:0/18:1), and PG (16:0) were significantly elevated in the pneumoconiosis group, with an AUC>0.7. The diagnostic model, including PC (16:0), PC (16:0/18:1), PI (16:0/18:1), and PG (16:0), demonstrated excellent performance with an AUC of 0.956.

Discussion: The serum phospholipid profiles of patients with pneumoconiosis differed significantly from those of controls, including differences in PC, Lyso-PC, PI, PS, Lyso-PS, and PG. Among these, a diagnostic model incorporating PC (16:0), PC (16:0/18:1), PI (16:0/18:1), and PG (16:0) demonstrated superior screening efficiency.

Introduction: Pneumoconiosis represents the most prevalent occupational disease in China, with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) showing the highest incidence. Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaled breath of CWP patients may provide novel insights into its pathogenesis.

Methods: Study data were collected through questionnaires and medical examinations. Thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed for targeted VOC analysis. Differential VOCs were identified using OPLS-DA, the Mann-Whitney U test, and fold change analysis. The discriminatory efficacy of differential VOCs was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Spearman correlation analysis explored relationships between differential VOCs, lung function indices, and blood cell levels.

Results: The pneumoconiosis group showed elevated concentrations of 10 compounds, including isopentane, n-pentane, and isoprene, while four compounds, including 2,4-dimethylpentane, methylcyclohexane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, and 2-methylheptane showed decreased concentrations. Combined univariate and multivariate statistical analyses identified six significant VOCs, including isopentane and pentane. Notably, isopentane and n-pentane demonstrated negative correlations with forced vital capacity and levels, while 2-methylheptane showed positive correlations.

Discussion: Clear metabolic differences in VOCs exist between CWP patients and non-dust-exposed healthy controls. Six compounds - isopentane, n-pentane, 3-methylpentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, and 2-methylheptane - in exhaled breath demonstrate potential as biomarkers for CWP.