Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/23305517211060796
Joshua D. Byrd, E. Hood
Contamination of the environment directly impacts animal, plant, and human health, as well as agricultural production. A potential solution tested in this work incorporates the use of enzymes from fungi, manganese (Mn) peroxidase (MnP) and laccase, to degrade pollutants. Unfortunately, the MnP is too expensive to produce (more than US$24,000 per gram) to be used in remediation applications. MnP from a corn kernel biofactory can be produced in large amounts, and at
{"title":"Degradation of Synthetic Dyes with Plant-Produced Manganese Peroxidase and Commercial Laccase","authors":"Joshua D. Byrd, E. Hood","doi":"10.1177/23305517211060796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23305517211060796","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of the environment directly impacts animal, plant, and human health, as well as agricultural production. A potential solution tested in this work incorporates the use of enzymes from fungi, manganese (Mn) peroxidase (MnP) and laccase, to degrade pollutants. Unfortunately, the MnP is too expensive to produce (more than US$24,000 per gram) to be used in remediation applications. MnP from a corn kernel biofactory can be produced in large amounts, and at <US$5 per gram, would be cost-effective in this application and resolve pollution issues. Two formulations of recombinant MnP from the corn kernel production system and commercial fungal laccase have been tested for degradation of synthetic dyes in an aqueous environment. Numerous concentrations of four synthetic azo or anthraquinone dyes were used. All dyes were partially or completely degraded by both enzymes.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"49 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47754792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/23305517211060794
A. Çay, S. Morsümbül, E. Kumbasar
In this study, the second part of a three-part series, exergy analysis of microencapsulation of photochromic dyes by the spray drying method was investigated. Since the spray dryers are thermal systems, energetic examination of the system components is an important issue for sustainable production with high efficiency. Exergy analysis is an important tool used in recent years for the analysis, design, and performance evaluation of thermal systems. The spray drying process was investigated considering two subsystems: the heater and the dryer sections. An exergy model for the process of encapsulation of spirooxazine-based photochromic dye with ethyl cellulose by the spray drying method was proposed. The highest exergy efficiency was achieved at a drying temperature of 120 °C and using an aqueous system as the solvent.
{"title":"Photochromic Microcapsules for Textile Materials by Spray Drying: Part 2—Exergy Analysis of Spray Drying Process","authors":"A. Çay, S. Morsümbül, E. Kumbasar","doi":"10.1177/23305517211060794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23305517211060794","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the second part of a three-part series, exergy analysis of microencapsulation of photochromic dyes by the spray drying method was investigated. Since the spray dryers are thermal systems, energetic examination of the system components is an important issue for sustainable production with high efficiency. Exergy analysis is an important tool used in recent years for the analysis, design, and performance evaluation of thermal systems. The spray drying process was investigated considering two subsystems: the heater and the dryer sections. An exergy model for the process of encapsulation of spirooxazine-based photochromic dye with ethyl cellulose by the spray drying method was proposed. The highest exergy efficiency was achieved at a drying temperature of 120 °C and using an aqueous system as the solvent.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"3 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41375277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/23305517211060795
Jie Liu, Shenglong Shang, Zhiming Jiang, Rui Zhang, Shuying Sui, P. Zhu
Sodium alginate fibers have been extensively studied due to being non-toxic and have high moisture retention, high oxygen permeability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, their application has been limited due to their poor mechanical performance. In this study, poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether-modified sodium alginate fibers were prepared by spinning the solution after mixed reactions through a spinneret into a coagulation bath containing aqueous CaCl2. The properties of the spinning solution, the structure and physical properties of the modified sodium alginate fibers with various poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether contents were investigated. A poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether content of the modified sodium alginate fibers of 15 wt% gave optimal breaking strength and elongation at break, improving them by 78 % and 114 %, respectively, compared with pure sodium alginate fibers. The thermal stability of the modified sodium alginate fibers was also improved.
{"title":"Facile Fabrication of Chemically Modified Sodium Alginate Fibers With Enhanced Mechanical Performance","authors":"Jie Liu, Shenglong Shang, Zhiming Jiang, Rui Zhang, Shuying Sui, P. Zhu","doi":"10.1177/23305517211060795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23305517211060795","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium alginate fibers have been extensively studied due to being non-toxic and have high moisture retention, high oxygen permeability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, their application has been limited due to their poor mechanical performance. In this study, poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether-modified sodium alginate fibers were prepared by spinning the solution after mixed reactions through a spinneret into a coagulation bath containing aqueous CaCl2. The properties of the spinning solution, the structure and physical properties of the modified sodium alginate fibers with various poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether contents were investigated. A poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether content of the modified sodium alginate fibers of 15 wt% gave optimal breaking strength and elongation at break, improving them by 78 % and 114 %, respectively, compared with pure sodium alginate fibers. The thermal stability of the modified sodium alginate fibers was also improved.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"35 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45468793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhanao Hu, W. Akram, Shixian Chen, Shuqin Yan, Qiang Zhang
Silk fibroin (SF)-based biocomposites have attracted considerable attention for several decades, due to excellent biocompatibility and mechanical toughness. However, insufficient hydrophilicity and mechanical brittleness limit its practical application, especially in tissue engineering. In this study, by blending konjac glucomannan (KGM) with SF, along with the water-insoluble treatment of ethanol and ammonia, SF/KGM composite membranes were generated with good flexibility and water adsorption capacity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that KGM/SF membrane surfaces were uniform and dense. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the silk II structure was dominant. Contact angle and mechanical testing showed that the use of KGM with SF in membranes helped to form more flexible and hydrophilic membranes for potential use in biomaterials and devices.
{"title":"Facile Fabrication of Silk Fibroin/Konjac Glucomannan Composite Membranes","authors":"Zhanao Hu, W. Akram, Shixian Chen, Shuqin Yan, Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.S2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.S2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Silk fibroin (SF)-based biocomposites have attracted considerable attention for several decades, due to excellent biocompatibility and mechanical toughness. However, insufficient hydrophilicity and mechanical brittleness limit its practical application, especially in tissue engineering. In this study, by blending konjac glucomannan (KGM) with SF, along with the water-insoluble treatment of ethanol and ammonia, SF/KGM composite membranes were generated with good flexibility and water adsorption capacity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that KGM/SF membrane surfaces were uniform and dense. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the silk II structure was dominant. Contact angle and mechanical testing showed that the use of KGM with SF in membranes helped to form more flexible and hydrophilic membranes for potential use in biomaterials and devices.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"23 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46472561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the compression on muscle recovery after sports. Four kinds of gradient pressure socks were randomly ordered into 24 groups. Each subject needed to complete six experiments of all. The experiment was divided into two parts including a fatigue induced experiment and an intermittent fatigue induced experiment. The vertical jump height, blood oxygen saturation, local hemoglobin, blood flow, and Visual Analogue Score (VAS) were tested in each experiment. It was found that high pressure level has a significant effect on the vertical height after intermittent induced fatigue; however, the analysis showed no difference among sock pressure levels on blood oxygen saturation, local hemoglobin, blood flow, or VAS subjective feeling evaluation. The effect of compression socks was better than that of non-pressure socks. If the exercise intensity is strong, high-pressure socks can make contributions on recovery. If the exercise intensity is low, low-pressure socks contribute to greater comfort. This study concluded that different exercise intensities required different sock pressures to promote the muscle recovery after sports.
{"title":"Effects of Compression Socks on Muscle Recovery after Induced Fatigue","authors":"Yunping Shen, Jianmei Sui, Hong Xie","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.S2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.S2.14","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the compression on muscle recovery after sports. Four kinds of gradient pressure socks were randomly ordered into 24 groups. Each subject needed to complete six experiments of all. The experiment was divided into two parts including a fatigue induced experiment and an intermittent fatigue induced experiment. The vertical jump height, blood oxygen saturation, local hemoglobin, blood flow, and Visual Analogue Score (VAS) were tested in each experiment. It was found that high pressure level has a significant effect on the vertical height after intermittent induced fatigue; however, the analysis showed no difference among sock pressure levels on blood oxygen saturation, local hemoglobin, blood flow, or VAS subjective feeling evaluation. The effect of compression socks was better than that of non-pressure socks. If the exercise intensity is strong, high-pressure socks can make contributions on recovery. If the exercise intensity is low, low-pressure socks contribute to greater comfort. This study concluded that different exercise intensities required different sock pressures to promote the muscle recovery after sports.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"68 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48464725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohan Liu, Miao Tian, Yun Su, Yunyi Wang, Jun Li
Thermal aging leads to a reduction in the tensile strength of fire protective fabrics, which increases the skin burn risks of the wearer. Standardized test methods are generally destructive. In this study, machine learning was applied to predict the tensile strength after heat exposure. Training data was obtained from published articles, and seven features that affect the tensile strength of the fabric were determined. The results indicated that the average R2 and RMSE of machine learning models was 0.83 and 135.40, respectively, which was better than the traditional statistical model (R2 = 0.45, RMSE = 238.41). Among all the models, GBR produced the best prediction result (R2 = 0.95, RMSE = 77.42). Five features (fiber, weight, testing direction, exposure time, and heat flux density) were sufficient to achieve a better prediction.
{"title":"Predicting the Mechanical Strength of Fire Protective Fabrics after Thermal Aging using Machine Learning","authors":"Xiaohan Liu, Miao Tian, Yun Su, Yunyi Wang, Jun Li","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.S2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.S2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal aging leads to a reduction in the tensile strength of fire protective fabrics, which increases the skin burn risks of the wearer. Standardized test methods are generally destructive. In this study, machine learning was applied to predict the tensile strength after heat exposure. Training data was obtained from published articles, and seven features that affect the tensile strength of the fabric were determined. The results indicated that the average R2 and RMSE of machine learning models was 0.83 and 135.40, respectively, which was better than the traditional statistical model (R2 = 0.45, RMSE = 238.41). Among all the models, GBR produced the best prediction result (R2 = 0.95, RMSE = 77.42). Five features (fiber, weight, testing direction, exposure time, and heat flux density) were sufficient to achieve a better prediction.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"46 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47538006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To optimize the use of compression clothing to alleviate sports fatigue, this review discusses the current research status on clothing pressure and fatigue relief, and the principle of clothing pressure to relieve fatigue. In addition, research developments on the application of electroencephalography (EEG) in clothing pressure and sports fatigue are discussed and the relationship between the clothing pressure, EEG, and sports fatigue is analyzed. The mechanism of sports fatigue can be understood more comprehensively via EEG. Building a garment pressure evaluation system provides avenues for the research and development of apparel to relieve fatigue.
{"title":"Effect of Clothing Pressure on Exercise Fatigue Based on EEG","authors":"Jiacheng Wang, Yanmei Li","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.S2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.S2.8","url":null,"abstract":"To optimize the use of compression clothing to alleviate sports fatigue, this review discusses the current research status on clothing pressure and fatigue relief, and the principle of clothing pressure to relieve fatigue. In addition, research developments on the application of electroencephalography (EEG) in clothing pressure and sports fatigue are discussed and the relationship between the clothing pressure, EEG, and sports fatigue is analyzed. The mechanism of sports fatigue can be understood more comprehensively via EEG. Building a garment pressure evaluation system provides avenues for the research and development of apparel to relieve fatigue.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"40 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48475906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhang Rui, Na Ding, Xinfeng Lu, Yingqi Xu, Bin-jie Xin
An intelligent recognition algorithm was developed to identify fibers in the cross sections of blended yarn containing meta-aramid 1313 (Nomex), poly(phenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (POD), flame resistant viscose, and flame-resistant vinylon. The yarn cross section image was obtained at x400 magnification. Drawing software was used to manually isolate single fiber images for training the back propagation (BP) neural network model in Matlab language image processing software. The GrabCut algorithm was used to de-noise the image and separate the target from the background. Finally, single fiber images and fiber distributions were obtained through the program. The result showed that the BP neural network model with the GrabCut algorithm can identify fiber type in a complex background more easily and more accurately than traditional algorithms.
{"title":"Fiber Identification in Cross Section of Blended Yarn on Back Propagation Neural Network","authors":"Zhang Rui, Na Ding, Xinfeng Lu, Yingqi Xu, Bin-jie Xin","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.s2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.s2.19","url":null,"abstract":"An intelligent recognition algorithm was developed to identify fibers in the cross sections of blended yarn containing meta-aramid 1313 (Nomex), poly(phenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (POD), flame resistant viscose, and flame-resistant vinylon. The yarn cross section image was obtained at x400 magnification. Drawing software was used to manually isolate single fiber images for training the back propagation (BP) neural network model in Matlab language image processing software. The GrabCut algorithm was used to de-noise the image and separate the target from the background. Finally, single fiber images and fiber distributions were obtained through the program. The result showed that the BP neural network model with the GrabCut algorithm can identify fiber type in a complex background more easily and more accurately than traditional algorithms.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"95 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46900484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural dyestuffs are evaluated as green sources to color the fabric in the textile industry. In this study, tea natural dye extracted from Longjing tea was applied to dye cotton fabrics by different dyeing processes. The extraction process was investigated thoroughly according to orthogonal experiments to obtain the optimum results. The acid-base stability, storage stability, heat-resistance, and other properties of Longjing tea natural dye were studied. The rubbing fastness, washing fastness and color difference of natural tea dyed cotton fabrics using different dyeing processes were measured. It has been proved that pre-mordant dyeing process and reactive dyeing process are more suitable for Longjing tea natural dye. The rubbing fastness and washing fastness of the dyed cotton fabrics are both very good, fully meeting the dressing requirements.
{"title":"Extraction of Tea Natural Dye and its Dyeing Properties on Cotton Fabrics","authors":"Yunguo Zhao, Jie Liu","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.s2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.s2.17","url":null,"abstract":"Natural dyestuffs are evaluated as green sources to color the fabric in the textile industry. In this study, tea natural dye extracted from Longjing tea was applied to dye cotton fabrics by different dyeing processes. The extraction process was investigated thoroughly according to orthogonal experiments to obtain the optimum results. The acid-base stability, storage stability, heat-resistance, and other properties of Longjing tea natural dye were studied. The rubbing fastness, washing fastness and color difference of natural tea dyed cotton fabrics using different dyeing processes were measured. It has been proved that pre-mordant dyeing process and reactive dyeing process are more suitable for Longjing tea natural dye. The rubbing fastness and washing fastness of the dyed cotton fabrics are both very good, fully meeting the dressing requirements.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"86 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43226626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ao Huang, Shuqin Yan, Hongdou Fan, Zhanao Hu, Qiang Zhang
The use of natural silk nanofibers (SNFs) in flexible materials has been widely studied in recent years. However, the reported preparation methods are not suitable for commercial consideration. We report a method for rapid preparation of silk nanofibers in water. Silk nanofibers were mixed with graphene to prepare composite conductive silk films (CSF) with good flexibility and conductivity. Micro-morphology shows that graphene is embedded and modified between silk nanofibers to form a stable structure. Infrared analysis showed that graphene compounds do not alter silk formation, especially in the stable silk structure. Resistance tests show that the process is most effective when the ratio of SNFs to graphene is 1:3. This study offers a new approach to fabricating bioelectric devices.
{"title":"Preparation of Natural Silk Nanofiber/Graphene Conductive Film","authors":"Ao Huang, Shuqin Yan, Hongdou Fan, Zhanao Hu, Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.14504/ajr.8.s2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.s2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The use of natural silk nanofibers (SNFs) in flexible materials has been widely studied in recent years. However, the reported preparation methods are not suitable for commercial consideration. We report a method for rapid preparation of silk nanofibers in water. Silk nanofibers were mixed with graphene to prepare composite conductive silk films (CSF) with good flexibility and conductivity. Micro-morphology shows that graphene is embedded and modified between silk nanofibers to form a stable structure. Infrared analysis showed that graphene compounds do not alter silk formation, especially in the stable silk structure. Resistance tests show that the process is most effective when the ratio of SNFs to graphene is 1:3. This study offers a new approach to fabricating bioelectric devices.","PeriodicalId":6955,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"55 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46477120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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