Pub Date : 2019-05-19DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555594
A. Ansarifar, Saad H. Sheikh
This is an Open Access article. It is published by Juniper Publishers under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
{"title":"Major Reduction in Chemical Curatives for Rubber Articles","authors":"A. Ansarifar, Saad H. Sheikh","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555594","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article. It is published by Juniper Publishers under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80916933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555597
B GregoryKharas
{"title":"Synthesis and radical copolymerization of novel phenyl-disubstituted propyl cyanoacrylates","authors":"B GregoryKharas","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555597","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90389471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-10DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555596
A. Samariha
The use of fast-growing species, such as tagasaste, leucaena, paulownia [1-3]. The fast-growing commercial plantations of Eucalyptus species have nowadays an important role in the fulfillment of the worldwide increasing demand for pulpwood [4]. By 2008, the total area of Eucalyptus plantations, mainly distributed in about one dozen countries spread worldwide, [5] exceeded 19 x 106ha [1]. In fact, the Eucalyptus species are the most important fiber sources for pulp and paper production in South-West Europe (Portugal and Spain), South America (Brazil and Chile), South Africa, Japan, Iran and other countries [6].
{"title":"Production of NSSC Cellulosic Pulp Fibers from Eucalyptus Cameldulensis","authors":"A. Samariha","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555596","url":null,"abstract":"The use of fast-growing species, such as tagasaste, leucaena, paulownia [1-3]. The fast-growing commercial plantations of Eucalyptus species have nowadays an important role in the fulfillment of the worldwide increasing demand for pulpwood [4]. By 2008, the total area of Eucalyptus plantations, mainly distributed in about one dozen countries spread worldwide, [5] exceeded 19 x 106ha [1]. In fact, the Eucalyptus species are the most important fiber sources for pulp and paper production in South-West Europe (Portugal and Spain), South America (Brazil and Chile), South Africa, Japan, Iran and other countries [6].","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78728777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-25DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555591
I. Abu-Abdoun
Cationic polymerization of p-methyl styrene by phenacyl triphenyl phosphonium, phenacyl triphenyl arsonium and p, p`-bis[(triphenylphosphonio) methyl benzophenone salts [1-3], and cation radical salt of p-substituted triphenylamine having different p-substilments was carried out photochemically and/or thermally. Cation radical amine salts were found to be more effective thermally in comparison to phosphonium
{"title":"Cationic Polymerization of Para-Methyl Styrene","authors":"I. Abu-Abdoun","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555591","url":null,"abstract":"Cationic polymerization of p-methyl styrene by phenacyl triphenyl phosphonium, phenacyl triphenyl arsonium and p, p`-bis[(triphenylphosphonio) methyl benzophenone salts [1-3], and cation radical salt of p-substituted triphenylamine having different p-substilments was carried out photochemically and/or thermally. Cation radical amine salts were found to be more effective thermally in comparison to phosphonium","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78271424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555593
S. Dahiwale
{"title":"Ballistic Studies on Fox-7 Based Triple Base Propellant for High Calibre Gun","authors":"S. Dahiwale","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555593","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80807619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-10DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555598
E. ThieoHogenEsch
{"title":"Synthesis of A [5] Helicene-Based Chiral Polymer","authors":"E. ThieoHogenEsch","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555598","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87077081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-07DOI: 10.36648/0975-9344.11.2.132
Guanyu Chen, T. Hawke, D. Wong, J.-Y. Hwang, Katarina Jeftic, Mingjian Zhan, Jingyuan Wen
Glutathione may prevent age-related, oxidative damage to ocular tissues but has poor corneal penetration. Hydrogel formulations were investigated to determine an optimized ocular delivery system. The rheology and texture profile of formulations were investigated at 25°C. The 1% w/v glutathione was incorporated into systems demonstrating desirable characteristics for ocular vehicles and physical characteristics re-determined. In vitro cumulative glutathione delivery across the bovine cornea was measured over 8 hours at 32°C in Franz diffusion cells. Carbopol-containing Poloxamer systems exhibited shear-thinning behavior desirable for ocular formulations whilst Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Polyacrylic acid (PAA) systems exhibited Newtonian behavior. Of the glutathione-containing systems, 0.2% w/v Carbopol 1342 was the most viscous with a viscosity of 960 cP at a shear rate of 100 sec-1. All formulations significantly increased the amount of glutathione delivered across the cornea (relative to an aqueous solution of glutathione) with the exception of 0.1% w/v Carbopol 940 (p=0.12). Formulations containing 0.1% w/v Carbopol 934, 0.1% w/v Carbopol 1342 and 0.2% w/v Carbopol 940 improved penetration dramatically (ca. 30%); but were not significantly different from each other. Therefore, Carbopol and Poloxamer formulations demonstrated enhanced penetration of glutathione across the cornea. The 0.2% w/v C940-containing-Poloxamer formulation was determined to be the most promising drug delivery system for ocular delivery of glutathione.
{"title":"Formulation and Characterization of Glutathione-Loaded Bioadhesive Hydrogel for Ocular Delivery","authors":"Guanyu Chen, T. Hawke, D. Wong, J.-Y. Hwang, Katarina Jeftic, Mingjian Zhan, Jingyuan Wen","doi":"10.36648/0975-9344.11.2.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/0975-9344.11.2.132","url":null,"abstract":"Glutathione may prevent age-related, oxidative damage to ocular tissues but has poor corneal penetration. Hydrogel formulations were investigated to determine an optimized ocular delivery system. The rheology and texture profile of formulations were investigated at 25°C. The 1% w/v glutathione was incorporated into systems demonstrating desirable characteristics for ocular vehicles and physical characteristics re-determined. In vitro cumulative glutathione delivery across the bovine cornea was measured over 8 hours at 32°C in Franz diffusion cells. Carbopol-containing Poloxamer systems exhibited shear-thinning behavior desirable for ocular formulations whilst Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Polyacrylic acid (PAA) systems exhibited Newtonian behavior. Of the glutathione-containing systems, 0.2% w/v Carbopol 1342 was the most viscous with a viscosity of 960 cP at a shear rate of 100 sec-1. All formulations significantly increased the amount of glutathione delivered across the cornea (relative to an aqueous solution of glutathione) with the exception of 0.1% w/v Carbopol 940 (p=0.12). Formulations containing 0.1% w/v Carbopol 934, 0.1% w/v Carbopol 1342 and 0.2% w/v Carbopol 940 improved penetration dramatically (ca. 30%); but were not significantly different from each other. Therefore, Carbopol and Poloxamer formulations demonstrated enhanced penetration of glutathione across the cornea. The 0.2% w/v C940-containing-Poloxamer formulation was determined to be the most promising drug delivery system for ocular delivery of glutathione.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81472173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-06DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555589
I. Abu-Abdoun
Diepoxy resins have found important commercial applications in UV radiation curing of surface coatings; a dhesives and in the plastic industry [1,2]. Photoinitiated cationic ring-opening polymerizations of cyclohexene oxide (CHO)1 (Figure 1) was conducted using dirhenium decacarbonyl [3] and rhenium carbonyl halides [4] without a cocatalyst. 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene diepoxide 2 is used as a reactive diluent’s for diepoxides and epoxy resins; this monomer is expected to form crosslinked polymers, if both epoxide groups are polymerized. Cationic photoolymerization of 4-VCHD by diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate was carried out and a mixture of crosslinked and benzene soluble polymers were obtained [5], cationic thermal polymerization by BF3. O(C2H5)2 [6], and it has been reported that two epoxy rings can be opened for polymerization selectively by radiation, but not by chemical initiators.
{"title":"Polymerization of 4-Vinyl-1-Cyclohexene Diepoxide by Rhenium Carbonyls Compounds","authors":"I. Abu-Abdoun","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555589","url":null,"abstract":"Diepoxy resins have found important commercial applications in UV radiation curing of surface coatings; a dhesives and in the plastic industry [1,2]. Photoinitiated cationic ring-opening polymerizations of cyclohexene oxide (CHO)1 (Figure 1) was conducted using dirhenium decacarbonyl [3] and rhenium carbonyl halides [4] without a cocatalyst. 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene diepoxide 2 is used as a reactive diluent’s for diepoxides and epoxy resins; this monomer is expected to form crosslinked polymers, if both epoxide groups are polymerized. Cationic photoolymerization of 4-VCHD by diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate was carried out and a mixture of crosslinked and benzene soluble polymers were obtained [5], cationic thermal polymerization by BF3. O(C2H5)2 [6], and it has been reported that two epoxy rings can be opened for polymerization selectively by radiation, but not by chemical initiators.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73555842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-25DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555588
S. Kudaibergenov
This review is devoted to recent progress in the design of anticancer drug delivery systems with participation of unique polysaccharide gellan gum. At first a brief literature survey on conformational and phase behavior of gellan gum as a function of external stimuli, such as temperature, pH, salt addition etc. is presented. Then the immobilization protocol of anticancer drugs and gold nanoparticles within gellan-based hydrogel matrix is discussed. Release of anticancer drugs from gellan gel matrix to outer solution is considered. Cytotoxicity of gellan gum-immobilized gold nanoparticles together with their anticancer activity is summarized.
{"title":"Gellan Gum Immobilized Anticancer Drugs and Gold Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine","authors":"S. Kudaibergenov","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555588","url":null,"abstract":"This review is devoted to recent progress in the design of anticancer drug delivery systems with participation of unique polysaccharide gellan gum. At first a brief literature survey on conformational and phase behavior of gellan gum as a function of external stimuli, such as temperature, pH, salt addition etc. is presented. Then the immobilization protocol of anticancer drugs and gold nanoparticles within gellan-based hydrogel matrix is discussed. Release of anticancer drugs from gellan gel matrix to outer solution is considered. Cytotoxicity of gellan gum-immobilized gold nanoparticles together with their anticancer activity is summarized.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84494943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-04DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2019.02.555587
N. Sharma
Commercially available plastics are commonly used in day to day life. The rate of accumulation of plastic in the environment is increasing day by day which becomes a major universal concern due to its less biodegradation property. Generated plastic waste is managed by incineration or landfill disposal. These processes are time -consuming and expensive. The main objective of the study involves the investigation bio-degradable polymers viz Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced by bacterial species (Alcaligenes). The stock culture of Alcaligenes species was cultured at a rate of 5% in production media containing 2.5% of sucrose. The growth was quantified through optical density, biomass and PHB. The biomass of the culture was 2.7g/l. The growth curve was obtained that was following the same trend. The PHB was estimated through gas chromatography. The biodegradable plastic was significantly produced by bacteria in the production media that has potential in medical applications, including drug delivery and medical implants.
{"title":"Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Production by Bacteria and its Application as Biodegradable Plastic in Various Industries","authors":"N. Sharma","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2019.02.555587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2019.02.555587","url":null,"abstract":"Commercially available plastics are commonly used in day to day life. The rate of accumulation of plastic in the environment is increasing day by day which becomes a major universal concern due to its less biodegradation property. Generated plastic waste is managed by incineration or landfill disposal. These processes are time -consuming and expensive. The main objective of the study involves the investigation bio-degradable polymers viz Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced by bacterial species (Alcaligenes). The stock culture of Alcaligenes species was cultured at a rate of 5% in production media containing 2.5% of sucrose. The growth was quantified through optical density, biomass and PHB. The biomass of the culture was 2.7g/l. The growth curve was obtained that was following the same trend. The PHB was estimated through gas chromatography. The biodegradable plastic was significantly produced by bacteria in the production media that has potential in medical applications, including drug delivery and medical implants.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89056183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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