Pub Date : 2019-01-23DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555586
M. Mokhtary
Solvent utilization creates the largest volume of auxiliary waste in polymer synthesis. However, increasing awareness of the environmental problems has led to the use of alternative reaction media to reduce or eliminate organic solvent use. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are systems formed from a eutectic mixture of Lewis or Bronsted acids and bases which can contain a variety of anionic and/or cationic species [1]. They incorporate a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), which are able to give a eutectic with a melting point much lower than either of the individual components (Figure 1) [2]. One of the most significant deep eutectic phenomenon’s was observed for a mixture of choline chloride and urea in a 1:2 mole ratio respectively. The resulting mixture has a melting point of 12°C, which makes it liquid at room temperature. DESs are obtained by complexion of quaternary ammonium salts with hydrogen bond donors. The charge delocalization occurring through hydrogen bonding between the halide anion and the hydrogen donor moiety is responsible for the decrease in the freezing point of the mixture relative to the melting points of the individual components (Figure 2) [3].
{"title":"Deep Eutectic Solvents in The Synthesis of Polymers","authors":"M. Mokhtary","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555586","url":null,"abstract":"Solvent utilization creates the largest volume of auxiliary waste in polymer synthesis. However, increasing awareness of the environmental problems has led to the use of alternative reaction media to reduce or eliminate organic solvent use. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are systems formed from a eutectic mixture of Lewis or Bronsted acids and bases which can contain a variety of anionic and/or cationic species [1]. They incorporate a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), which are able to give a eutectic with a melting point much lower than either of the individual components (Figure 1) [2]. One of the most significant deep eutectic phenomenon’s was observed for a mixture of choline chloride and urea in a 1:2 mole ratio respectively. The resulting mixture has a melting point of 12°C, which makes it liquid at room temperature. DESs are obtained by complexion of quaternary ammonium salts with hydrogen bond donors. The charge delocalization occurring through hydrogen bonding between the halide anion and the hydrogen donor moiety is responsible for the decrease in the freezing point of the mixture relative to the melting points of the individual components (Figure 2) [3].","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83634937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-22DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555585
Fuzhou Wang
The research of the ethylene and α-olefins polymerizations using late transition metal catalysts should be highlight for development of polyolefin materials during the past two decades [1-5], because polyolefin materials are tremendously important in daily life [6]. Branched polyolefins are generally produced by transition-metal catalyzed copolymerization. The physical properties of polyolefin materials can be dramatically affected by their microstructures, which are controlled by the catalyst structures and their catalytic behavior. Progress of molecular the catalysts of transition metal complexes during these three decades enabled control of stereochemistry of poly(α-olefin)s, control of molecular weight of polyethylene and poly(α-olefin) s, synthesis of block copolymers by living polymerization, and copolymerization with various comonomers including polar functionalized olefins [5]. Thus, the design and synthesis of novel transition metal catalyst has always been a research focus of the polyolefin research.
{"title":"Nickel and Palladium Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization","authors":"Fuzhou Wang","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2019.02.555585","url":null,"abstract":"The research of the ethylene and α-olefins polymerizations using late transition metal catalysts should be highlight for development of polyolefin materials during the past two decades [1-5], because polyolefin materials are tremendously important in daily life [6]. Branched polyolefins are generally produced by transition-metal catalyzed copolymerization. The physical properties of polyolefin materials can be dramatically affected by their microstructures, which are controlled by the catalyst structures and their catalytic behavior. Progress of molecular the catalysts of transition metal complexes during these three decades enabled control of stereochemistry of poly(α-olefin)s, control of molecular weight of polyethylene and poly(α-olefin) s, synthesis of block copolymers by living polymerization, and copolymerization with various comonomers including polar functionalized olefins [5]. Thus, the design and synthesis of novel transition metal catalyst has always been a research focus of the polyolefin research.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78070077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-05DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555582
Gonchar Oleksii
In order to create polymer nanocomposites with high performance on the basis of polyurethane acrylates (PUA) with montmorillonite (MMT), three methods of chemical modification of the layered silicate surface have been developed. The first modification method is based on using of two different functional modifiers (organophilic and reactive), the second method is based on modification with synthesized by us compound which contains urethane groups, and the third one in based on using synthesized by us modifier containing urethane and reactive groups. Exchange capacity of the MMT surface was determined by adsorption of indicator “methylene blue”. Intercalation of modifier into the interlayer space of MMT was confirmed by X-ray analysis; the content of organic component in the modified MMT (MMT/M) was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The resulting organoclay is purposed for the formation of nanostructured composites based on cross-linked polyurethane acrylates with improved physical and mechanical properties. The obtained polyurethane acrylate nanocomposites with different type MMT/M exhibit the increased in 1.6 2.6 times tensile strength as compared to original polymer matrix. WAXS method has proved an intercalation of modifier into MMT interlayer space (increased distance between layers after modification), as well as the total exfoliation of MMT in PUA matrix, characterized by the disappearance of the absorption peak which is responsible for layered structure.
{"title":"Polyurethane Acrylate/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites","authors":"Gonchar Oleksii","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555582","url":null,"abstract":"In order to create polymer nanocomposites with high performance on the basis of polyurethane acrylates (PUA) with montmorillonite (MMT), three methods of chemical modification of the layered silicate surface have been developed. The first modification method is based on using of two different functional modifiers (organophilic and reactive), the second method is based on modification with synthesized by us compound which contains urethane groups, and the third one in based on using synthesized by us modifier containing urethane and reactive groups. Exchange capacity of the MMT surface was determined by adsorption of indicator “methylene blue”. Intercalation of modifier into the interlayer space of MMT was confirmed by X-ray analysis; the content of organic component in the modified MMT (MMT/M) was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The resulting organoclay is purposed for the formation of nanostructured composites based on cross-linked polyurethane acrylates with improved physical and mechanical properties. The obtained polyurethane acrylate nanocomposites with different type MMT/M exhibit the increased in 1.6 2.6 times tensile strength as compared to original polymer matrix. WAXS method has proved an intercalation of modifier into MMT interlayer space (increased distance between layers after modification), as well as the total exfoliation of MMT in PUA matrix, characterized by the disappearance of the absorption peak which is responsible for layered structure.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82497878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2018.02.555581
Eid M. Alosime
Chain extenders remain necessary in improving the molecular weight of TPE-E and, consequently, broaden their industrial applications. Chain extenders help in the substitution of polyester hydrolysis-caused molecular weight damage, leading to the production of a polymer with desired melting strength and rheological properties. The chain extenders function effectively, predominantly due to their bi-functional groups that inherently react with polymer terminal groups. Moreover, specific chain extenders, such as tetraglycidyl-4,4-diamino-diphenylmethane (TGDDM), are vital in the enhancement of TPE-E molecular weights. Consequently, TPE-E would have improved rheological, mechanical, and thermal characteristics [4].
{"title":"Hydrolytic Degradation of Thermoplastic Copolyester Nanocomposites","authors":"Eid M. Alosime","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2018.02.555581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2018.02.555581","url":null,"abstract":"Chain extenders remain necessary in improving the molecular weight of TPE-E and, consequently, broaden their industrial applications. Chain extenders help in the substitution of polyester hydrolysis-caused molecular weight damage, leading to the production of a polymer with desired melting strength and rheological properties. The chain extenders function effectively, predominantly due to their bi-functional groups that inherently react with polymer terminal groups. Moreover, specific chain extenders, such as tetraglycidyl-4,4-diamino-diphenylmethane (TGDDM), are vital in the enhancement of TPE-E molecular weights. Consequently, TPE-E would have improved rheological, mechanical, and thermal characteristics [4].","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86289178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2018.02.555583
M. Ioelovich
In a fractal structure of beads of different sizes obtained by spray-drying of aqueous dispersions of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was studied. These beads are formed as a result of aggregation of rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystalline particles (CNP). It was found that increasing the average radius (R) of the formed MCC beads results in increased porosity (P) and reduced density ( ρ ). The dependences of P and ρ on scale factor (R/r) can be expressed by power-law equations: ( ) P E D o R P P r − = and ( ) D E R d r ρ ρ − = , where the fractal dimensions P D = 2.887 and P D =2.986 are close to Euclidean dimension E=3 for three-dimensional space; r=3nm is radius of cellulose nanocrystalline particles, P o = 0.03cm 3 /g is porosity and d=1.585g/cm 3 is true density (specific gravity) of CNP, respectively. Thus, with the increase in the size of formed MCC beads, the order in the packing of the beads is distorted conforming to theory of diffusion-limited aggregation process.
研究了微晶纤维素(MCC)水分散体喷雾干燥得到的不同粒径微珠的分形结构。这些小珠是由棒状纤维素纳米晶颗粒(CNP)聚集形成的。结果表明，增大MCC珠的平均半径R，孔隙率P增大，密度ρ减小。P和ρ对尺度因子(R/ R)的依赖关系可以用幂律方程表示:(1)P E D o R P P R R−=和(2)D E R D R ρ ρ−=，其中分形维数P D = 2.887和P D =2.986接近三维空间的欧几里得维数E=3;r=3nm为纤维素纳米晶颗粒半径，p0 = 0.03cm 3 /g为孔隙率，d=1.585g/cm 3为CNP的真密度(比重)。因此，随着形成的MCC微球尺寸的增大，微球的排列顺序被扭曲，符合扩散限制聚集过程理论。
{"title":"Fractal Structure of Microcrystalline Cellulose Obtained by Method of Spray Drying","authors":"M. Ioelovich","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2018.02.555583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2018.02.555583","url":null,"abstract":"In a fractal structure of beads of different sizes obtained by spray-drying of aqueous dispersions of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was studied. These beads are formed as a result of aggregation of rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystalline particles (CNP). It was found that increasing the average radius (R) of the formed MCC beads results in increased porosity (P) and reduced density ( ρ ). The dependences of P and ρ on scale factor (R/r) can be expressed by power-law equations: ( ) P E D o R P P r − = and ( ) D E R d r ρ ρ − = , where the fractal dimensions P D = 2.887 and P D =2.986 are close to Euclidean dimension E=3 for three-dimensional space; r=3nm is radius of cellulose nanocrystalline particles, P o = 0.03cm 3 /g is porosity and d=1.585g/cm 3 is true density (specific gravity) of CNP, respectively. Thus, with the increase in the size of formed MCC beads, the order in the packing of the beads is distorted conforming to theory of diffusion-limited aggregation process.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89302298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-09DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2018.02.555584
D. Thien
Glucomannan is a water-soluble polysaccharide consisting of D-mannose and D-glucose units linked with β (1→ 4) glucosidic bonds, with the degree of branching of about 8% via β-1,3or β-1,6glucosidic linkages and the degree of acetylation of 5÷10%. Being a soluble fiber, low in energy, that acts as a sweeper to prevent cholesterol absorption into the bloodstream, glucomannan is used to lose weight, reduce blood cholesterol, blood fat and blood sugar with very few side effects [1,2].
{"title":"Preparation of Low Molecular Weight Glucomannan from A. Konjac K. Koch in Vietnam by Enzyme Catalyzed Hydrolysis Reaction and its Prospective use to Lower Blood Sugar Levels","authors":"D. Thien","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2018.02.555584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2018.02.555584","url":null,"abstract":"Glucomannan is a water-soluble polysaccharide consisting of D-mannose and D-glucose units linked with β (1→ 4) glucosidic bonds, with the degree of branching of about 8% via β-1,3or β-1,6glucosidic linkages and the degree of acetylation of 5÷10%. Being a soluble fiber, low in energy, that acts as a sweeper to prevent cholesterol absorption into the bloodstream, glucomannan is used to lose weight, reduce blood cholesterol, blood fat and blood sugar with very few side effects [1,2].","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88432093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555580
M. Mokhtary
The use of solid-supported reagents and catalysts in solution-phase chemistry has emerged as a leading strategy that exploits the advantages of both solidand solution-phase synthesis. The approach essentially combines the benefits of product isolation and purification in solid-phase synthesis with the high-speed development and flexible choice of chemistry from the vast repertoire of solution phase organic reactions. The organic molecules synthesis using polymer-supported reagents and catalysts is highly attractive because the work-up involves only simple filtration and evaporation of the solvent [1]. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is an amorphous polymer having broad applications in biomedical field due to its special properties such as low toxicity and good solubility in water and most organic solvents, good adhesion characteristics, and great physiological compatibility [2]. Also, PVP has good biocompatibility and has been applied for many years as a biomaterial or additive to drug compositions, e.g. as a blood plasma expander [3]. Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP, crospovidone, or crospolividone) is a highly cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The crosslinked form of polyvinylpyrrolidone is insoluble in water, though it still absorbs water and swells very rapidly generating a swelling force. This property makes PVPP useful as a disintegrant in pharmaceutical tablets [2]. Polyvinylpyrrolidone shows a strong binding affinity to small molecules. Furthermore, its iodine complex, povidon-iodine, is widely used as an anti-infective agent in clinical treatments [4].
{"title":"Recent Advances in Synthetic Applications of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Supported Reagents and Catalysts","authors":"M. Mokhtary","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555580","url":null,"abstract":"The use of solid-supported reagents and catalysts in solution-phase chemistry has emerged as a leading strategy that exploits the advantages of both solidand solution-phase synthesis. The approach essentially combines the benefits of product isolation and purification in solid-phase synthesis with the high-speed development and flexible choice of chemistry from the vast repertoire of solution phase organic reactions. The organic molecules synthesis using polymer-supported reagents and catalysts is highly attractive because the work-up involves only simple filtration and evaporation of the solvent [1]. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is an amorphous polymer having broad applications in biomedical field due to its special properties such as low toxicity and good solubility in water and most organic solvents, good adhesion characteristics, and great physiological compatibility [2]. Also, PVP has good biocompatibility and has been applied for many years as a biomaterial or additive to drug compositions, e.g. as a blood plasma expander [3]. Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP, crospovidone, or crospolividone) is a highly cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The crosslinked form of polyvinylpyrrolidone is insoluble in water, though it still absorbs water and swells very rapidly generating a swelling force. This property makes PVPP useful as a disintegrant in pharmaceutical tablets [2]. Polyvinylpyrrolidone shows a strong binding affinity to small molecules. Furthermore, its iodine complex, povidon-iodine, is widely used as an anti-infective agent in clinical treatments [4].","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86722350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-16DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555579
N. Stacey
Waste plastic poses a dire threat to life on earth and addressing this crisis must be considered to be a priority in the field of polymer science. In this piece, several approaches to waste plastic handling are discussed, with their costs, benefits and potential for sustainability briefly outlined.
{"title":"Waste Plastic as Energy Material: End-Of-Life Polymer Design","authors":"N. Stacey","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555579","url":null,"abstract":"Waste plastic poses a dire threat to life on earth and addressing this crisis must be considered to be a priority in the field of polymer science. In this piece, several approaches to waste plastic handling are discussed, with their costs, benefits and potential for sustainability briefly outlined.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80752725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-12DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2018.02.555578
E. A. Devi
Biomarkers are molecular fossils derived from living organisms and these complex compounds are composed of carbon, hydrogen and other elements. Biomarkers show little or no change in chemical structure from their parent organic molecules in living organisms [1]. Biomarkers are very useful due to their complex structures, revealing precise information about the depositional origins. It has been recognized that biomarkers in oils and rock extracts reflect depositional environment [1-3]. Therefore, biomarkers are used to achieve the objectives in such study to know the characterization of oil samples.
{"title":"Geochemistry of Oil Fields, East Java Basin: Biomarker Characterisation","authors":"E. A. Devi","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2018.02.555578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2018.02.555578","url":null,"abstract":"Biomarkers are molecular fossils derived from living organisms and these complex compounds are composed of carbon, hydrogen and other elements. Biomarkers show little or no change in chemical structure from their parent organic molecules in living organisms [1]. Biomarkers are very useful due to their complex structures, revealing precise information about the depositional origins. It has been recognized that biomarkers in oils and rock extracts reflect depositional environment [1-3]. Therefore, biomarkers are used to achieve the objectives in such study to know the characterization of oil samples.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82297981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-09DOI: 10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555576
Jiji Abraham
{"title":"Ionic liquid as Functional Dispersant for Nanomaterials in Polymer Matrix","authors":"Jiji Abraham","doi":"10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/AJOP.2018.02.555576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90136212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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