Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2024.06.555685
Ram Krishna Hona
The thermal conductivity of CaSrFe2O6-δ, an oxygen-deficient perovskite, is a critical parameter for understanding its thermal transport properties and potential applications in energy conversion and electronic devices. In this study, we present an investigation of the thermal conductivity of CaSrFe2O6-δ at room temperature for its thermal insulation property study. Experimental measurement was conducted using a state-of-the-art thermal characterization technique, Thermtest thermal conductivity meter. The thermal conductivity of CaSrFe2O6-δ was found to be 0.574W/m/K, exhibiting a notable thermal insulation property.
{"title":"Thermal Conductivity of CaSrFe2O6-δ","authors":"Ram Krishna Hona","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2024.06.555685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2024.06.555685","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal conductivity of CaSrFe2O6-δ, an oxygen-deficient perovskite, is a critical parameter for understanding its thermal transport properties and potential applications in energy conversion and electronic devices. In this study, we present an investigation of the thermal conductivity of CaSrFe2O6-δ at room temperature for its thermal insulation property study. Experimental measurement was conducted using a state-of-the-art thermal characterization technique, Thermtest thermal conductivity meter. The thermal conductivity of CaSrFe2O6-δ was found to be 0.574W/m/K, exhibiting a notable thermal insulation property.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2023.06.555680
F. Ben Rebah
The use of conventional organic or inorganic synthetic chemicals in sludge dewatering process is currently leading to new concerns. Worrying issues are related to the pollution of the environment and the risks for human heath caused by the generation of large quantity of sludge containing residual metal ions and toxic residual organic monomers. Plants such as okra, cactus, moringa and aloe showed their ability in enhancing sludge dewaterability. Interestingly, the utilization of plant-based materials produce nontoxic and biodegradable sludge, and represent a sustainable strategy to substitute chemicals in sludge processing.
{"title":"Plant-Based Flocculants: Alternative Materials to Synthetic Polymers for Sludge Dewatering","authors":"F. Ben Rebah","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2023.06.555680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2023.06.555680","url":null,"abstract":"The use of conventional organic or inorganic synthetic chemicals in sludge dewatering process is currently leading to new concerns. Worrying issues are related to the pollution of the environment and the risks for human heath caused by the generation of large quantity of sludge containing residual metal ions and toxic residual organic monomers. Plants such as okra, cactus, moringa and aloe showed their ability in enhancing sludge dewaterability. Interestingly, the utilization of plant-based materials produce nontoxic and biodegradable sludge, and represent a sustainable strategy to substitute chemicals in sludge processing.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91066011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2023.06.555679
Dongping Terrel-Perez
Tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) is a technique that enables light-induced curing of photoresins into complex 3D end use objects within a single step. This is made possible through projecting tomographically patterned light energy into a photo-curable resin volume within a rotating container. In order to monitor, quantify, and control curing during tomographic VAM, researchers need to visualize the curing parts in real-time. This may enable advancements toward dynamic, controlled and closedloop VAM methods in the future, as some researchers have shown. Herein we briefly review various optical imaging methods used to monitor printing in real-time, as well as provide some perspectives for future needs and considerations for imaging methods in VAM.
{"title":"Optical Imaging Methods for Volumetric Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Dongping Terrel-Perez","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2023.06.555679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2023.06.555679","url":null,"abstract":"Tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) is a technique that enables light-induced curing of photoresins into complex 3D end use objects within a single step. This is made possible through projecting tomographically patterned light energy into a photo-curable resin volume within a rotating container. In order to monitor, quantify, and control curing during tomographic VAM, researchers need to visualize the curing parts in real-time. This may enable advancements toward dynamic, controlled and closedloop VAM methods in the future, as some researchers have shown. Herein we briefly review various optical imaging methods used to monitor printing in real-time, as well as provide some perspectives for future needs and considerations for imaging methods in VAM.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79034147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555668
K. Friedrich
A circular economy is the stated aim of current technological and political developments in the waste management sector. Achieving the goal of a circular economy requires significant improvements in waste treatment technologies. For this reason, this paper summarises the relevant technologies, detailing the developments in the significant sensor-based sorting technologies. This review analyses the key spectral analysis methods like Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Visual Spectroscopy, X-ray transmission, X-ray fluorescence analysis and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. This study further contains a detailed analysis of the standard sensor-based sorting construction types chute sorter, belt sorter and robot-aided sorting. Further insights in the branch of sensor-based sorting are permitted by describing the key players and stakeholders in sensor-based sorting, detailing the area of expertise and current fields of study for primary sensor and sorting machine suppliers. A convenient lookup table detailing the capabilities of these significant suppliers is provided. The last chapter summarises relevant trends and developments in digitalisation and Industry 4.0 in the waste and recycling sector, elaborating on relevant technology like digital waste management, sorting robots in waste management, smart villages and recyclable materials scanners. The reviewed data portrays the waste management industry’s substantial developments. While new technologies, like machine learning, convolutional neural networks and robot sorting, are increasingly implemented, a substantial discrepancy exists between technological capabilities and the current State-of-the-Art.
{"title":"Sensor-based and Robot Sorting Processes and their Role in Achieving European Recycling Goals - A Review","authors":"K. Friedrich","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555668","url":null,"abstract":"A circular economy is the stated aim of current technological and political developments in the waste management sector. Achieving the goal of a circular economy requires significant improvements in waste treatment technologies. For this reason, this paper summarises the relevant technologies, detailing the developments in the significant sensor-based sorting technologies. This review analyses the key spectral analysis methods like Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Visual Spectroscopy, X-ray transmission, X-ray fluorescence analysis and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. This study further contains a detailed analysis of the standard sensor-based sorting construction types chute sorter, belt sorter and robot-aided sorting. Further insights in the branch of sensor-based sorting are permitted by describing the key players and stakeholders in sensor-based sorting, detailing the area of expertise and current fields of study for primary sensor and sorting machine suppliers. A convenient lookup table detailing the capabilities of these significant suppliers is provided. The last chapter summarises relevant trends and developments in digitalisation and Industry 4.0 in the waste and recycling sector, elaborating on relevant technology like digital waste management, sorting robots in waste management, smart villages and recyclable materials scanners. The reviewed data portrays the waste management industry’s substantial developments. While new technologies, like machine learning, convolutional neural networks and robot sorting, are increasingly implemented, a substantial discrepancy exists between technological capabilities and the current State-of-the-Art.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84793066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555663
Dietmar Schaffarczyk
This article aims to define a regulatory approach for future medical technologies to be applied to the research, design, development, and manufacturing of smart medical devices. In the scope of this perspective: A human-centric regulatory approach and regulatory thinking method for 3D printed PEEK polymer implants. The mode of operations of the functionalization method, its safety and clinical performance, was verified and validated beforehand by means of mechanical testings, comparative cell tests in vitro and in vivo in a comparative animal model: The MBT procedure was developed using ISO 13485 certified processes and GLP standards. MBT was also developed considering the safety and (clinical) performance requirements as prescribed by the Medical Device Regulation (EU) 2017/745 for implants. For this purpose, the requirements from Annex I of the Medical Device Regulation (Regulation EU 2017/745) were adapted to the requirements for coating technologies. Mechanical testing followed a precise defined test and verification matrix. Each test followed its own rationale and test setup. Where possible, standard test methods and accredited facilities have been used. As MBT is an entirely innovative SFT, general standard test methods for this technology are not established but have been defined, described, executed, and evaluated. During the design and development and during design transfer, comparative cell tests have been performed. Relevant cell lines have been used to prove the unique characteristics of MBT compared to standard and golden standard materials: Titanium coated PEEK, Ha-enhanced PEEK, and pure PEEK. A comparative animal model has been performed according to GLP standards by Vetsuisse Zurich. The study protocol was approved by the veterinarians of the Kanton ZH (University of Zurich, Vetsuisse, study protocol number: ZH132/18, study title: MBT - a new covalent binding molecule for enhancing osseointegration). A comparative split mouth study setup was used. Screw-design test dowels have been implanted in dense bone of sheep and analyzed via histology measurements. For the applicability of MBT, it can be stated that the SFT does not influence the clinical applicability of the connected medical device:
{"title":"Human-Centric Regulatory in Point-of-Care Manufacturing for 3D Printed PEEK Polymer Implants with Functionalized Implant Surface","authors":"Dietmar Schaffarczyk","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555663","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to define a regulatory approach for future medical technologies to be applied to the research, design, development, and manufacturing of smart medical devices. In the scope of this perspective: A human-centric regulatory approach and regulatory thinking method for 3D printed PEEK polymer implants. The mode of operations of the functionalization method, its safety and clinical performance, was verified and validated beforehand by means of mechanical testings, comparative cell tests in vitro and in vivo in a comparative animal model: The MBT procedure was developed using ISO 13485 certified processes and GLP standards. MBT was also developed considering the safety and (clinical) performance requirements as prescribed by the Medical Device Regulation (EU) 2017/745 for implants. For this purpose, the requirements from Annex I of the Medical Device Regulation (Regulation EU 2017/745) were adapted to the requirements for coating technologies. Mechanical testing followed a precise defined test and verification matrix. Each test followed its own rationale and test setup. Where possible, standard test methods and accredited facilities have been used. As MBT is an entirely innovative SFT, general standard test methods for this technology are not established but have been defined, described, executed, and evaluated. During the design and development and during design transfer, comparative cell tests have been performed. Relevant cell lines have been used to prove the unique characteristics of MBT compared to standard and golden standard materials: Titanium coated PEEK, Ha-enhanced PEEK, and pure PEEK. A comparative animal model has been performed according to GLP standards by Vetsuisse Zurich. The study protocol was approved by the veterinarians of the Kanton ZH (University of Zurich, Vetsuisse, study protocol number: ZH132/18, study title: MBT - a new covalent binding molecule for enhancing osseointegration). A comparative split mouth study setup was used. Screw-design test dowels have been implanted in dense bone of sheep and analyzed via histology measurements. For the applicability of MBT, it can be stated that the SFT does not influence the clinical applicability of the connected medical device:","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85480368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555659
H. Yahyaei
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding various concentrations of castor oil (2% and 4% v/v) on the properties of edible films based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Moisture content, water solubility, tensile strength, elongation at break, elastic modulus, water vapor permeability, optical and thermal properties and antioxidant activity of the films were examined. The results demonstrated that the presence of castor oil led to a decrease in moisture content, water solubility and mechanical strength of the films. The film containing 4% of oil showed the highest water vapor permeability. The optical properties measurement represented that all of the samples were transparent. By the addition of castor oil, the antioxidant activity of the films improved largely. Thermal properties of the samples had also been investigated and it was determined that the effect of castor oil on the melting point was negligible. Finally, the performance of the coatings for protecting fresh apples was studied with measuring the pH value of apples and performing some field test.
{"title":"Modified Cellulose-Based Edible Polymer Coating: An Investigation of Castor Oil Concentration for Application in Apple Preservation","authors":"H. Yahyaei","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555659","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding various concentrations of castor oil (2% and 4% v/v) on the properties of edible films based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Moisture content, water solubility, tensile strength, elongation at break, elastic modulus, water vapor permeability, optical and thermal properties and antioxidant activity of the films were examined. The results demonstrated that the presence of castor oil led to a decrease in moisture content, water solubility and mechanical strength of the films. The film containing 4% of oil showed the highest water vapor permeability. The optical properties measurement represented that all of the samples were transparent. By the addition of castor oil, the antioxidant activity of the films improved largely. Thermal properties of the samples had also been investigated and it was determined that the effect of castor oil on the melting point was negligible. Finally, the performance of the coatings for protecting fresh apples was studied with measuring the pH value of apples and performing some field test.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83086724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555658
M. Hussain
In the rapidly developing world a great concern regarding the protection and wellbeing of living beings and environment has led to the necessity for development of accurate monitoring processes through accurate and sensitive sensors. For these sensor applications conducting polymers nanocomposites have been widely used. In this article we will discuss about the conducting polymers, their mechanism of conduction, the sensing mechanism and different types of conducting polymers-based gas sensors. The prospects of conducting polymers-based gas sensor nanocomposites are also discussed in this article.
{"title":"Short Review on the Conducting Polymer based Nanocomposites for Gas Sensing Applications","authors":"M. Hussain","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555658","url":null,"abstract":"In the rapidly developing world a great concern regarding the protection and wellbeing of living beings and environment has led to the necessity for development of accurate monitoring processes through accurate and sensitive sensors. For these sensor applications conducting polymers nanocomposites have been widely used. In this article we will discuss about the conducting polymers, their mechanism of conduction, the sensing mechanism and different types of conducting polymers-based gas sensors. The prospects of conducting polymers-based gas sensor nanocomposites are also discussed in this article.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91400156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555657
A. R
Some extraordinary determinations have been made to investigate the epoxy-based nano-composite properties and the viscoelastic curing kinetics for several different industrial applications, such as aircraft, wind energy, defense, and automotive applications. In this research work, the rheological properties of epoxy-based nano-composites containing altered percentages (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%) of nanoparticles (such as carbon [C] and zeolite) were investigated by utilizing a dynamic shear rheological analyzer. Here, the curing kinetics of commercially available thermosetting epoxy resin (Loctite EA 9394 Aero) was studied in detail. It was found that the addition of nanoparticles, such as CB and zeolite in varying proportions (0%, 1%, 2%, and 4%) significantly improved the viscoelastic properties and the curing kinetics (storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan δ) of the nano-composites, which may be helpful in better product development in those industries in the future.
{"title":"Study on Epoxy Nanocomposites Viscoelastic Properties through Dynamic Shear Rheological Analysis Method","authors":"A. R","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555657","url":null,"abstract":"Some extraordinary determinations have been made to investigate the epoxy-based nano-composite properties and the viscoelastic curing kinetics for several different industrial applications, such as aircraft, wind energy, defense, and automotive applications. In this research work, the rheological properties of epoxy-based nano-composites containing altered percentages (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%) of nanoparticles (such as carbon [C] and zeolite) were investigated by utilizing a dynamic shear rheological analyzer. Here, the curing kinetics of commercially available thermosetting epoxy resin (Loctite EA 9394 Aero) was studied in detail. It was found that the addition of nanoparticles, such as CB and zeolite in varying proportions (0%, 1%, 2%, and 4%) significantly improved the viscoelastic properties and the curing kinetics (storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan δ) of the nano-composites, which may be helpful in better product development in those industries in the future.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85887697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555655
D. Nichetti
This study highlights how the transition from uncured to cured state in rubber is characterized by the formation of a particular network structure, so-called critical gel. Critical gel is formed in the first stages of vulcanization and is independent by the macromolecular structure and
{"title":"Sol-Gel Transition and Critical Gel in Vulcanization Reaction","authors":"D. Nichetti","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555655","url":null,"abstract":"This study highlights how the transition from uncured to cured state in rubber is characterized by the formation of a particular network structure, so-called critical gel. Critical gel is formed in the first stages of vulcanization and is independent by the macromolecular structure and","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81340980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.19080/ajop.2021.04.555651
Wang Kejian
The effect of annealing on the creep and recovery properties of β -BOPP film was studied. The creep resistance can be improved obviously by annealing, the modification becomes better with elongating the duration. Four-parameter Burger model and Weibull distribution function well described such cases.
{"title":"Modelling the Creep Curves of β-BOPP Film","authors":"Wang Kejian","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2021.04.555651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2021.04.555651","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of annealing on the creep and recovery properties of β -BOPP film was studied. The creep resistance can be improved obviously by annealing, the modification becomes better with elongating the duration. Four-parameter Burger model and Weibull distribution function well described such cases.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73671453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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