Facing with the increasing capacity requirements of on-chip optical interconnects, mode division multiplexing technology (MDM), which leverages the different spatial eigenmodes at the same wavelength as independent channels to transmit optical signals, has attracted tremendous interest. Mode-order converters that can convert the fundamental mode to high-order modes are key components in MDM systems. However, it is still very challenging to achieve compact mode-order converters with high performances. Subwavelength grating (SWG) can be equivalent to homogenous material, which has the prominent advantages such as control over birefringence, dispersion and anisotropy, enabling photonic devices with high performance. Wheras the conventional SWG only needs single-etch step, but the implementation of SWG structure usually requires a fabrication resolution of the order of 100 nm and below, which is difficult for current wafer-scale fabrication technology. The anisotropic response of SWG can be further engineered by introducing bricked topology structure, providing an additional degree of freedom in the design. Meanwhile, the requirement of fabrication resolution can also be reduced (>100 nm). In this work, we experimentally demonstrate compact TE0-TE1 and TE0-TE2 mode-order converters using bricked subwavelength grating (BSWG) based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) with the minimum feature size of the BSWG is 145 nm. In the proposed mode-order converter, a quasi-TE0 mode is generated in the BSWG region, which can be regarded as an effective bridge between the two TE modes to be converted. Flexible mode conversion can be realized by only choosing appropriate structural parameters for specific mode transitions between input/output modes and the quasi-TE0 mode. By combing 3D finite difference time domain (FDTD) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, TE0-TE1 and TE0-TE2 mode-order converters are optimal designed. It can convert TE0 mode into TE1 and TE2 mode with conversion length of 9.39 μm and 11.27 μm. The simulation results show that the insertion loss of <1 dB and crosstalk of < ‒ 15 dB are achieved for both TE0-TE1 and TE0-TE2 mode-order converters, the corresponding working bandwidth are 128 nm (1511~1639 nm) and 126 nm (1527~1653 nm), respectively. The measurement results indicate that insertion loss and crosstalk are less than 2.5 dB and -10 dB in a bandwidth of 68 nm (1512~1580 nm, limited by the laser tuning range and grating coupler).
{"title":"A compact silicon-based mode converter using bricked subwavelength grating","authors":"Lu Meng-jia, Yun Bin-Feng","doi":"10.7498/aps.72.20230673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20230673","url":null,"abstract":"Facing with the increasing capacity requirements of on-chip optical interconnects, mode division multiplexing technology (MDM), which leverages the different spatial eigenmodes at the same wavelength as independent channels to transmit optical signals, has attracted tremendous interest. Mode-order converters that can convert the fundamental mode to high-order modes are key components in MDM systems. However, it is still very challenging to achieve compact mode-order converters with high performances. Subwavelength grating (SWG) can be equivalent to homogenous material, which has the prominent advantages such as control over birefringence, dispersion and anisotropy, enabling photonic devices with high performance. Wheras the conventional SWG only needs single-etch step, but the implementation of SWG structure usually requires a fabrication resolution of the order of 100 nm and below, which is difficult for current wafer-scale fabrication technology. The anisotropic response of SWG can be further engineered by introducing bricked topology structure, providing an additional degree of freedom in the design. Meanwhile, the requirement of fabrication resolution can also be reduced (>100 nm). In this work, we experimentally demonstrate compact TE0-TE1 and TE0-TE2 mode-order converters using bricked subwavelength grating (BSWG) based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) with the minimum feature size of the BSWG is 145 nm. In the proposed mode-order converter, a quasi-TE0 mode is generated in the BSWG region, which can be regarded as an effective bridge between the two TE modes to be converted. Flexible mode conversion can be realized by only choosing appropriate structural parameters for specific mode transitions between input/output modes and the quasi-TE0 mode. By combing 3D finite difference time domain (FDTD) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, TE0-TE1 and TE0-TE2 mode-order converters are optimal designed. It can convert TE0 mode into TE1 and TE2 mode with conversion length of 9.39 μm and 11.27 μm. The simulation results show that the insertion loss of <1 dB and crosstalk of < ‒ 15 dB are achieved for both TE0-TE1 and TE0-TE2 mode-order converters, the corresponding working bandwidth are 128 nm (1511~1639 nm) and 126 nm (1527~1653 nm), respectively. The measurement results indicate that insertion loss and crosstalk are less than 2.5 dB and -10 dB in a bandwidth of 68 nm (1512~1580 nm, limited by the laser tuning range and grating coupler).","PeriodicalId":6995,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Sinica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90868198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Membrane has widely applications in the field of filtration and separation, but due to the attraction or repulsion exerted by the membrane, the particles will experience directional motion. As a result, two totally opposite effects, particle enrichment and exclusion zone, take place in the vicinity of the membrane, and the underlying reason is still not clear. In the paper, colloidal particles with negative surface charge was used as a model substance, with the advantages of monitoring the particles concentration in a real time and in situ way, to investigate the influence of cellulose membrane to the movement of particles. The experimental results showed that particles enriched in the vicinity of the membrane. The diffusiophoresis effect originates from the tiny amount ions released by the film is the main reason of the directional movement of the charged particles. Based on the two mechanisms of diffusiophoresis and diffusion, we construct a model and make relevant numerical calculation, and the numerical results are qualitatively consistent with the experimental results. Moreover, in addition to the longitudinal motion of the particles towards the filter membrane, diffusio-osmotic flow and particles lateral diffusion also result in the migration of particles towards to the container wall, and further increase particles number near the wall.
{"title":"DIRECTIONAL MOTION OF CHARGED PARTICLES NEAR MEMBRANE","authors":"Zhou Hongwei, Ouyang Wenze, Xu Shenghua","doi":"10.7498/aps.72.20220567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20220567","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane has widely applications in the field of filtration and separation, but due to the attraction or repulsion exerted by the membrane, the particles will experience directional motion. As a result, two totally opposite effects, particle enrichment and exclusion zone, take place in the vicinity of the membrane, and the underlying reason is still not clear. In the paper, colloidal particles with negative surface charge was used as a model substance, with the advantages of monitoring the particles concentration in a real time and in situ way, to investigate the influence of cellulose membrane to the movement of particles. The experimental results showed that particles enriched in the vicinity of the membrane. The diffusiophoresis effect originates from the tiny amount ions released by the film is the main reason of the directional movement of the charged particles. Based on the two mechanisms of diffusiophoresis and diffusion, we construct a model and make relevant numerical calculation, and the numerical results are qualitatively consistent with the experimental results. Moreover, in addition to the longitudinal motion of the particles towards the filter membrane, diffusio-osmotic flow and particles lateral diffusion also result in the migration of particles towards to the container wall, and further increase particles number near the wall.","PeriodicalId":6995,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Sinica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91316303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We used admittance spectroscopy to characterize the energy distribution of defects in CIGSe solar cells before and after annealing to investigate the mechanism of the annealing process improving battery performance. In this article, we annealed the prepared CIGSe solar cells in compressed air at 150℃ for 10 minutes. We conducted dark I-V, C-V, admittance spectroscopy, and illumination I-V tests on CIGSe solar cells before and after annealing to characterize the changes in battery performance before and after annealing. The test results of dark I-V characteristics showed that the reverse dark current of CIGSe solar cells decreased by about an order of magnitude after annealing, and the ideal factor of the cells also decreased from 2.16 before annealing to 1.85 after annealing. This means that the annealing process reduces the recombination of carriers in CIGSe solar cells. Under reverse bias, the capacitance of CIGSe solar cells is higher than that after annealing, and their C-V characteristics are linearly fitted with 1/C2 vs. V. The fitting results show that the slope of the curve increases after annealing, which means that the annealing process leads to a decrease in the free carrier concentration in the absorption layer of CIGSe solar cells, that is, a decrease in the carrier concentration contributed by defects after annealing. In addition, the built-in potentials before and after annealing of CIGSe solar cells were also obtained through fitting, which are 0.52V and 0.64V, respectively. The admittance spectrum test results of CIGSe solar cells before and after annealing showed that the defect activation energy in the absorption layer significantly decreased after annealing, but the defect concentration remained almost unchanged. The decrease in defect activation energy means that the Shockley Read Hall (SRH) recombination probability of defects in copper indium gallium selenium solar cells is reduced. In addition, the test results of the optical I-V characteristics of the battery indicate that the open circuit voltage and parallel resistance of the battery significantly increase after annealing, which is consistent with the test results of the dark I-V characteristics, C-V characteristics, and admittance spectroscopy of the solar cell. Therefore, the annealing process of CIGSe solar cells leads to a weakening of the SRH recombination of carriers in the absorption layer of the battery, thereby improving the performance of the solar cell's performances.
利用导纳光谱对CIGSe太阳能电池退火前后缺陷的能量分布进行了表征，探讨了退火工艺改善电池性能的机理。在本文中，我们将制备好的CIGSe太阳能电池在压缩空气中150℃退火10分钟。我们对退火前后的CIGSe太阳能电池进行了暗I-V、C-V、导纳光谱和照明I-V测试，表征了退火前后电池性能的变化。暗I-V特性测试结果表明，CIGSe太阳能电池的反向暗电流在退火后下降了约一个数量级，电池的理想因子也从退火前的2.16下降到退火后的1.85。这意味着退火过程减少了载流子在CIGSe太阳能电池中的复合。在反向偏压下，CIGSe太阳电池的电容高于退火后的电容，其C-V特性与1/C2 vs. v呈线性拟合。拟合结果表明，退火后曲线斜率增大，说明退火过程导致CIGSe太阳电池吸收层中自由载流子浓度降低，即退火后缺陷贡献的载流子浓度降低。此外，通过拟合得到了CIGSe太阳能电池退火前后的内嵌电势，分别为0.52V和0.64V。退火前后CIGSe太阳电池的导纳谱测试结果表明，退火后吸收层缺陷活化能明显降低，但缺陷浓度基本保持不变。缺陷激活能的降低意味着铜铟镓硒太阳电池中缺陷的Shockley Read Hall (SRH)重组概率降低。此外，该电池的光学I-V特性测试结果表明，退火后电池的开路电压和并联电阻显著增加，这与该太阳能电池的暗I-V特性、C-V特性和导纳光谱测试结果一致。因此，CIGSe太阳能电池的退火工艺导致电池吸收层载流子的SRH复合减弱，从而提高了太阳能电池的性能。
{"title":"Characterization of the Defect in CIGS Solar Cell by Admittance Spectroscopy","authors":"Rui Jia, Xiaorang Tian","doi":"10.7498/aps.72.20230292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20230292","url":null,"abstract":"We used admittance spectroscopy to characterize the energy distribution of defects in CIGSe solar cells before and after annealing to investigate the mechanism of the annealing process improving battery performance. In this article, we annealed the prepared CIGSe solar cells in compressed air at 150℃ for 10 minutes. We conducted dark I-V, C-V, admittance spectroscopy, and illumination I-V tests on CIGSe solar cells before and after annealing to characterize the changes in battery performance before and after annealing. The test results of dark I-V characteristics showed that the reverse dark current of CIGSe solar cells decreased by about an order of magnitude after annealing, and the ideal factor of the cells also decreased from 2.16 before annealing to 1.85 after annealing. This means that the annealing process reduces the recombination of carriers in CIGSe solar cells. Under reverse bias, the capacitance of CIGSe solar cells is higher than that after annealing, and their C-V characteristics are linearly fitted with 1/C2 vs. V. The fitting results show that the slope of the curve increases after annealing, which means that the annealing process leads to a decrease in the free carrier concentration in the absorption layer of CIGSe solar cells, that is, a decrease in the carrier concentration contributed by defects after annealing. In addition, the built-in potentials before and after annealing of CIGSe solar cells were also obtained through fitting, which are 0.52V and 0.64V, respectively. The admittance spectrum test results of CIGSe solar cells before and after annealing showed that the defect activation energy in the absorption layer significantly decreased after annealing, but the defect concentration remained almost unchanged. The decrease in defect activation energy means that the Shockley Read Hall (SRH) recombination probability of defects in copper indium gallium selenium solar cells is reduced. In addition, the test results of the optical I-V characteristics of the battery indicate that the open circuit voltage and parallel resistance of the battery significantly increase after annealing, which is consistent with the test results of the dark I-V characteristics, C-V characteristics, and admittance spectroscopy of the solar cell. Therefore, the annealing process of CIGSe solar cells leads to a weakening of the SRH recombination of carriers in the absorption layer of the battery, thereby improving the performance of the solar cell's performances.","PeriodicalId":6995,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Sinica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76588495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Convergence-zone (CZ) sound propagation is one of the most important hydro-acoustic phenomenons in the deep ocean, that allows long-range transmission of acoustic signals with high intensity and low distortion. Accurate prediction and identification of CZ is of great significance for remote detection or communication, but there is still no standard definition in sense of mathematical physics for convergence zone. Especially on the issue of systematic error of computation introduced by the earth curvature, with no exact propagation model, curvature-correction methods always lead to imprecision of the ray phase. In previous research work, we realize that the Riemannian geometric meaning of the caustics phenomena caused by ray convergence is that the caustic points are equivalent to the conjugate points, which form on geodesics with positive section curvature. In this paper, we presents a spherical layered acoustic ray propagation model for CZ based on the Riemannian geometric theory. With direct computation in the curved manifolds of the earth instead of in the European space, a Riemannian geometric description of CZ is provided for the first time, on the basis of comprehensive analysis about it’s characteristics. And it shows that the mathematical expression of section curvature adds an additional item $frac{{hat c(l)hat c'(l)}}{l}$ after considering the earth curvature, which reflects the influence of the earth curvature on the ray topology and CZ. By means of Jacobi field theory of Riemannian geometry, computational rule and methods of the location and distance of CZ in deep water are proposed. Taking the Munk sound speed profile as an typical example, the new Riemannian geometric model of CZ is compared with the normal mode and curvature-correction method. Simulation and analysis shows that the Riemannian geometric model of CZ given in this paper is a mathematical form naturally considering the earth curvature with theoretical accuracy, which lays more solid scientific foundations for research of convergence zone. Moreover, we find that the location of CZ moves towards sound source when considering the earth curvature, and the width of CZ near the sea surface increases first and then decreases with sound propagation. The maximum width is about 20 km and the minimum is about 4 km.
{"title":"Riemannian Geometric Modeling of Underwater Acoustic Ray Propagation · Application——Riemannian Geometric Model of Convergence Zone in the Deep Ocean","authors":"Ma S Q, Guo X J, Zhang L L, Lan Q, Huang C X","doi":"10.7498/aps.72.20221495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20221495","url":null,"abstract":"Convergence-zone (CZ) sound propagation is one of the most important hydro-acoustic phenomenons in the deep ocean, that allows long-range transmission of acoustic signals with high intensity and low distortion. Accurate prediction and identification of CZ is of great significance for remote detection or communication, but there is still no standard definition in sense of mathematical physics for convergence zone. Especially on the issue of systematic error of computation introduced by the earth curvature, with no exact propagation model, curvature-correction methods always lead to imprecision of the ray phase. In previous research work, we realize that the Riemannian geometric meaning of the caustics phenomena caused by ray convergence is that the caustic points are equivalent to the conjugate points, which form on geodesics with positive section curvature. In this paper, we presents a spherical layered acoustic ray propagation model for CZ based on the Riemannian geometric theory. With direct computation in the curved manifolds of the earth instead of in the European space, a Riemannian geometric description of CZ is provided for the first time, on the basis of comprehensive analysis about it’s characteristics. And it shows that the mathematical expression of section curvature adds an additional item $frac{{hat c(l)hat c'(l)}}{l}$ after considering the earth curvature, which reflects the influence of the earth curvature on the ray topology and CZ. By means of Jacobi field theory of Riemannian geometry, computational rule and methods of the location and distance of CZ in deep water are proposed. Taking the Munk sound speed profile as an typical example, the new Riemannian geometric model of CZ is compared with the normal mode and curvature-correction method. Simulation and analysis shows that the Riemannian geometric model of CZ given in this paper is a mathematical form naturally considering the earth curvature with theoretical accuracy, which lays more solid scientific foundations for research of convergence zone. Moreover, we find that the location of CZ moves towards sound source when considering the earth curvature, and the width of CZ near the sea surface increases first and then decreases with sound propagation. The maximum width is about 20 km and the minimum is about 4 km.","PeriodicalId":6995,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Sinica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76691060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Underwater sound propagation models are generally established from the extrinsic perspective, that is, embedding acoustic channels in Euclidean space with fixed coordinate system. Riemannian geometry is intrinsic for curved space, that can describe the essential properties of background manifolds. The underwater acoustic Gaussian beam was originally adopted from seismology. Till now it is the most important method used in acoustic ray based modeling and applications. Due to the advantages of Gaussian beam method over the traditional ray counterpart, it is the mainstream technology of ray propagation computational software such as the famous Bellhop. With the assumption of Euclidean space, it is hard to grasp the naturally curved characteristics of the Gaussian beam. In this paper, we propose the Riemannian geometry theory of underwater acoustic ray propagation, and obtain the following results : (1) The Riemannian geometric intrinsic forms of the eikonal equation, paraxial ray equation and the Gaussian beam under radially symmetric acoustic propagation environments are established, that provide a Riemannian geometric interpretation of the Gaussian beam. In fact, the underwater acoustic eikonal equation is equivalent to the geodesic equation in Riemannian manifolds, and the intrinsic geometric spreading of the Gaussian beam corresponds to the lateral deviation of geodesic curve along the Jacobian field. (2) Some geometric and topological properties of acoustic ray about conjugate points and section curvature are acquired by the Jacobi field theory, indicating that the convergence of ray beam corresponds to the intersection of geodesics at the conjugate point with positive section curvature. (3)The specific modeling method under horizontal stratified and distance-related environment is presented using the above theory. And we point out that the method proposed here is also applicable to other radially symmetric acoustic propagation environments. (4) Simulation and comparative analysis of three typical underwater acoustic propagation examples, confirms the feasibility of the Riemannian geometric model for underwater acoustic propagation. And shows that the Riemannian geometric model has exact mathematical physics meaning over the Euclidean space method adopted by the Bellhop model. The basic theory given in this paper can be extended to curved surface, three-dimensional and other complex propagation environments. And especially it lays a theoretical foundation for the further research of long-range acoustic propagation considering curvature of the earth.
{"title":"Riemannian Geometric Modeling of Underwater Acoustic Ray Propagation · Basic Theory","authors":"Guo X J, Ma S Q, Zhang L L, Lan Q, Huang C X","doi":"10.7498/aps.72.20221451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20221451","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater sound propagation models are generally established from the extrinsic perspective, that is, embedding acoustic channels in Euclidean space with fixed coordinate system. Riemannian geometry is intrinsic for curved space, that can describe the essential properties of background manifolds. The underwater acoustic Gaussian beam was originally adopted from seismology. Till now it is the most important method used in acoustic ray based modeling and applications. Due to the advantages of Gaussian beam method over the traditional ray counterpart, it is the mainstream technology of ray propagation computational software such as the famous Bellhop. With the assumption of Euclidean space, it is hard to grasp the naturally curved characteristics of the Gaussian beam. In this paper, we propose the Riemannian geometry theory of underwater acoustic ray propagation, and obtain the following results : (1) The Riemannian geometric intrinsic forms of the eikonal equation, paraxial ray equation and the Gaussian beam under radially symmetric acoustic propagation environments are established, that provide a Riemannian geometric interpretation of the Gaussian beam. In fact, the underwater acoustic eikonal equation is equivalent to the geodesic equation in Riemannian manifolds, and the intrinsic geometric spreading of the Gaussian beam corresponds to the lateral deviation of geodesic curve along the Jacobian field. (2) Some geometric and topological properties of acoustic ray about conjugate points and section curvature are acquired by the Jacobi field theory, indicating that the convergence of ray beam corresponds to the intersection of geodesics at the conjugate point with positive section curvature. (3)The specific modeling method under horizontal stratified and distance-related environment is presented using the above theory. And we point out that the method proposed here is also applicable to other radially symmetric acoustic propagation environments. (4) Simulation and comparative analysis of three typical underwater acoustic propagation examples, confirms the feasibility of the Riemannian geometric model for underwater acoustic propagation. And shows that the Riemannian geometric model has exact mathematical physics meaning over the Euclidean space method adopted by the Bellhop model. The basic theory given in this paper can be extended to curved surface, three-dimensional and other complex propagation environments. And especially it lays a theoretical foundation for the further research of long-range acoustic propagation considering curvature of the earth.","PeriodicalId":6995,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Sinica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76898557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wu Bo, Lin Yi, Wu Fengchuan, Chen Xiaozhang, An Qiang, Liu Yi, Fu Yun-Qi
The quantum microwave measurement technology based on Rydberg atoms has significant advantages such as self-calibration, traceability, high sensitivity and stable uniformity of measurement. In this paper, from the dimension of traditional electromagnetic theory, an electric field local enhancement technique for quantum microwave measurements is developed to improve the sensitivity of quantum microwave receivers. The theoretical basis of this method comes from the different mechanisms of realization of microwave reception in quantum microwave receivers and classical receiver. Classic receivers use antennas to collect microwave energy in space to signal reception; quantum microwave receivers measure the strength of the electric field in the path of a laser beam in an atomic gas chamber (the beam is about 100 microns in diameter) to signal reception. Therefore, the sensitivity of quantum microwave receiver can be improved by increasing the electric field strength in the path of laser beam. The critical physical mechanism is the multi-beam interference at the open and short ends of the structure. The results show that with the decrease of gap height of parallel plates, the enhancement factor of electric field strength increases rapidly and the power density compression capability is greatly improved. The |69D5/2> experiments verify that the structure can achieve a 25 dB electric field enhancement at 2.1 GHz. This paper's research is expected to improve the sensitivity of measurement based on atomic measurement capabilities and promote the practical development of quantum microwave measurement technology.
{"title":"Quantum microwave electric field measurement technology using the enhancement electric filed resonator","authors":"Wu Bo, Lin Yi, Wu Fengchuan, Chen Xiaozhang, An Qiang, Liu Yi, Fu Yun-Qi","doi":"10.7498/aps.72.20221582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20221582","url":null,"abstract":"The quantum microwave measurement technology based on Rydberg atoms has significant advantages such as self-calibration, traceability, high sensitivity and stable uniformity of measurement. In this paper, from the dimension of traditional electromagnetic theory, an electric field local enhancement technique for quantum microwave measurements is developed to improve the sensitivity of quantum microwave receivers. The theoretical basis of this method comes from the different mechanisms of realization of microwave reception in quantum microwave receivers and classical receiver. Classic receivers use antennas to collect microwave energy in space to signal reception; quantum microwave receivers measure the strength of the electric field in the path of a laser beam in an atomic gas chamber (the beam is about 100 microns in diameter) to signal reception. Therefore, the sensitivity of quantum microwave receiver can be improved by increasing the electric field strength in the path of laser beam. The critical physical mechanism is the multi-beam interference at the open and short ends of the structure. The results show that with the decrease of gap height of parallel plates, the enhancement factor of electric field strength increases rapidly and the power density compression capability is greatly improved. The |69D5/2> experiments verify that the structure can achieve a 25 dB electric field enhancement at 2.1 GHz. This paper's research is expected to improve the sensitivity of measurement based on atomic measurement capabilities and promote the practical development of quantum microwave measurement technology.","PeriodicalId":6995,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Sinica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78105461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huang Xue-Feng, Chen Chu, Li Jia-Xin, Zhang Min-Qi, Li Sheng-Ji
The scattering measurement of particulates in gaseous medium is helpful to the understanding of light transmission, laser detection, combustion radiation and atmospheric environment. In order to explore the scattering characteristics of micron/nano -sized particles, this paper proposes to accurately measure the scattering intensity distribution of an individual micron-sized particle/nanocluster by combining laser levitation and scattering measurement methods. An experimental apparatus was first built based on the counter-propagated bi-Bessel beams levitation and scattering test systems. The microparticles/nanoclusters of various matters and sizes were then levitated and their stability was evaluated. Finally, the scattering intensity distribution of levitated particles within 2 π scattering angle was accurately measured at an angular resolution of 9.2″. The forces acting on particles under laser irradiation and the scattering intensity distribution of different particle parameters were simulated and calculated, and compared with experimental results. The influence of noises on the uncertainty of the scattering measurement system was analyzed in depth, including background light, laser beam, reflected light from the walls. The results show that for metallic magnesium and aluminum, whether single particles or clusters, the signal-to-noise ratio of scattering measurements within 2π angle is greater than 20 dB, with a maximum of 94.6 dB. For graphite nanoclusters, the signal-to-noise ratio in the backscattering direction is relatively poor. The influence of levitation instability on the scattering measurement results was estimated in detail, testifying that the influence of levitation instability in the test system on the scattering measurement is ignorable. Metallic magnesium, aluminum, and graphite particles can be stably levitated by the counter-propagated bi-Bessel beams, with a relative instability of less than 0.15. During the levitation, the photophoretic force plays a dominant role; The scattering intensity distribution of an individual micron-sized particle/nanocluster conforms to the scattering characteristics of Mie particles. Microparticles with large refractive index imaginary parts have stronger forward scattering characteristics. The larger the particle size parameter, the stronger the forward scattering effect becomes. The accurate measurement of the scattering intensity distribution of an individual microparticle confirms the versatility and reliability of the levitation scattering test system, providing a new research method for in-depth understanding of the scattering characteristics of substances.
{"title":"Measurement of scattering intensity distribution of individual microparticles/nanoclusters based on laser levitation","authors":"Huang Xue-Feng, Chen Chu, Li Jia-Xin, Zhang Min-Qi, Li Sheng-Ji","doi":"10.7498/aps.72.20230499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20230499","url":null,"abstract":"The scattering measurement of particulates in gaseous medium is helpful to the understanding of light transmission, laser detection, combustion radiation and atmospheric environment. In order to explore the scattering characteristics of micron/nano -sized particles, this paper proposes to accurately measure the scattering intensity distribution of an individual micron-sized particle/nanocluster by combining laser levitation and scattering measurement methods. An experimental apparatus was first built based on the counter-propagated bi-Bessel beams levitation and scattering test systems. The microparticles/nanoclusters of various matters and sizes were then levitated and their stability was evaluated. Finally, the scattering intensity distribution of levitated particles within 2 π scattering angle was accurately measured at an angular resolution of 9.2″. The forces acting on particles under laser irradiation and the scattering intensity distribution of different particle parameters were simulated and calculated, and compared with experimental results. The influence of noises on the uncertainty of the scattering measurement system was analyzed in depth, including background light, laser beam, reflected light from the walls. The results show that for metallic magnesium and aluminum, whether single particles or clusters, the signal-to-noise ratio of scattering measurements within 2π angle is greater than 20 dB, with a maximum of 94.6 dB. For graphite nanoclusters, the signal-to-noise ratio in the backscattering direction is relatively poor. The influence of levitation instability on the scattering measurement results was estimated in detail, testifying that the influence of levitation instability in the test system on the scattering measurement is ignorable. Metallic magnesium, aluminum, and graphite particles can be stably levitated by the counter-propagated bi-Bessel beams, with a relative instability of less than 0.15. During the levitation, the photophoretic force plays a dominant role; The scattering intensity distribution of an individual micron-sized particle/nanocluster conforms to the scattering characteristics of Mie particles. Microparticles with large refractive index imaginary parts have stronger forward scattering characteristics. The larger the particle size parameter, the stronger the forward scattering effect becomes. The accurate measurement of the scattering intensity distribution of an individual microparticle confirms the versatility and reliability of the levitation scattering test system, providing a new research method for in-depth understanding of the scattering characteristics of substances.","PeriodicalId":6995,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Sinica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78399859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sintered Nd25.5Dy6.5Co13FebalM1.05B0.98 magnet (Co13 magnet) and Nd30Dy1.5Co0.5FebalM1.05B0.98 (35SH magnet) were prepared by strip casting (SC), hydrogen decrepitation (HD), jet milling (JM), orienting compression, sintering and annealling. The maximum magnetic energy product (BH)max and coercivity Hcj of Co13 magnet at room temperature were 30.88 MGOe and 19.01 kOe, which were lower than 35SH magnet. By adding Co and Dy, the remanence temperature coefficient α, curie temperature TC and max operating temperature TW were significantly increased form -0.136 %/℃ to -0.065 %/℃ (25~180 ℃), 310 ℃ to 454 ℃ and 160 ℃ to 200 ℃ respectively. Mechanical property test and fracture analysis showed that, due to the high content of Co in the magnet, the proportion of cleavage fracture in the main phase grains was increased, and the bending strength Rbb was reduced compared with 35SH magnets, which was nearly twice that of 2:17 type Sm-Co magnets. The reason for the decrease of Rbb might be that Co element preferentially replaced Fe in the 2:14:1 main phase, which led to lattice distortion and reduced the grain strength of the main phase. The microstructure analysis showed that, there was a high Co region in the grain boundary phase of Co13 magnet, and its composition was close to (Nd,Dy)(Fe,Co)3, which might be one of the reasons for the decrease of coercivity Hcj.
{"title":"Study on Temperature Stability and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Nd25.5Dy6.5Co13(Fe, M)balB0.98 Magnet","authors":"Ji-Yuan Xu, Jia-Teng Zhang, Rui-Yang Meng, Hong-Sheng Chen, Yi-Kun Fang, Sheng-Zhi Dong, Wei Li","doi":"10.7498/aps.72.20222045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20222045","url":null,"abstract":"The sintered Nd<sub>25.5</sub>Dy<sub>6.5</sub>Co<sub>13</sub>Fe<sub>bal</sub>M<sub>1.05</sub>B<sub>0.98</sub> magnet (Co13 magnet) and Nd<sub>30</sub>Dy<sub>1.5</sub>Co<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>bal</sub>M<sub>1.05</sub>B<sub>0.98</sub> (35SH magnet) were prepared by strip casting (SC), hydrogen decrepitation (HD), jet milling (JM), orienting compression, sintering and annealling. The maximum magnetic energy product (<em>BH</em>)<sub>max</sub> and coercivity <em>H</em><sub>cj</sub> of Co13 magnet at room temperature were 30.88 MGOe and 19.01 kOe, which were lower than 35SH magnet. By adding Co and Dy, the remanence temperature coefficient α, curie temperature <em>T</em><sub>C</sub> and max operating temperature <em>T</em><sub>W</sub> were significantly increased form -0.136 %/℃ to -0.065 %/℃ (25~180 ℃), 310 ℃ to 454 ℃ and 160 ℃ to 200 ℃ respectively. Mechanical property test and fracture analysis showed that, due to the high content of Co in the magnet, the proportion of cleavage fracture in the main phase grains was increased, and the bending strength Rbb was reduced compared with 35SH magnets, which was nearly twice that of 2:17 type Sm-Co magnets. The reason for the decrease of Rbb might be that Co element preferentially replaced Fe in the 2:14:1 main phase, which led to lattice distortion and reduced the grain strength of the main phase. The microstructure analysis showed that, there was a high Co region in the grain boundary phase of Co13 magnet, and its composition was close to (Nd,Dy)(Fe,Co)<sub>3</sub>, which might be one of the reasons for the decrease of coercivity <em>H</em><sub>cj</sub>.","PeriodicalId":6995,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Sinica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75038381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeng Bai-yun, Gu Peng-yu, Jiang Shi-min, Jia Xin-Yan, Fan Dai-He
Quantum nonlocality is one of the most fundamental characteristics of quantum theory. As a commonly used quantum state generated in experiments, the "X" state is a typical one in the research of open quantum systems, since it still maintains the stability of the "X" shape during the evolution. Using the Clauser-Horne-Harmony-Holt (CHSH) inequality, the quantum nonlocality testing of two "X" states associated with local transformation operations is studied under the Markov environment. The results show that in the phase damping environment, the two "X" states have the same CHSH inequality testing results with the increasing of the evolution time. Moreover, the maximum of quantum nonlocality test of the two "X" states will decrease nonlinearly. When 0.78<F<1, the maximum value Sm of testing quantum nonlocality will gradually transition from Sm>2 to Sm<2 with the increasing of the evolution time of the two "X" states, and the research on the quantum nonlocality test cannot be successfully carried out. In the amplitude damping environment, using the "X" state obtained by the local transformation operation have a longer evolution time for the successfully quantum nonlocality testing when F>1. In particular, when F=1, the "X" state with the density matrix $rho _W$ cannot successfully perform the quantum nonlocality testing after the evolution time $Gamma t > 0.22$. For the "X" state with density matrix ${tilde rho _W}$, the quantum nonlocality testing cannot be performed until the evolution time $Gamma t > 0.26$. This results show that the local transformation operation of the "X" state is more conducive to the quantum nonlocality testing based on the CHSH inequality. Finally, the fidelity ranges of successfully testing the quantum nonlocality of the two "X" states in phase and amplitude damping environments are given in detail. The results show that, on the premise of quantum nonlocality testing successfully, the two types of "X" states evolving in the phase damping environment have the large range of valid fidelity. Meanwhile, at the same evolution time, the local transformation operation is helpful to improve the fidelity range of quantum nonlocality test in amplitude damping environment for "X" state with density matrix ${rho _W}$.
量子非定域性是量子理论最基本的特征之一。“X”态是实验中常用的一种量子态，在开放量子系统的研究中是一种典型的量子态，它在演化过程中仍然保持着“X”形的稳定性。利用clauser - horn - harmony - holt (CHSH)不等式，研究了马尔可夫环境下与局部变换操作相关的两个“X”态的量子非局域性检验。结果表明:在相位阻尼环境下，随着演化时间的增加，两种“X”态的CHSH不均匀性测试结果相同;此外，两个“X”态的量子非局域性检验的最大值将非线性地减小。当0.78F2比Sm1。特别是当F=1时，密度矩阵$rho _W$的“X”态在演化时间$Gamma t > 0.22$后无法成功进行量子非局域性测试。对于密度矩阵为${tilde rho _W}$的“X”态，要到演化时间$Gamma t > 0.26$才能进行量子非局域性测试。结果表明，“X”态的局部变换操作更有利于基于CHSH不等式的量子非局域性检验。最后，给出了在相位和振幅阻尼环境下成功测试两个“X”态量子非局域性的保真度范围。结果表明，在量子非局域性测试成功的前提下，在相位阻尼环境下演化的两类“X”态具有较大的有效保真度范围。同时，在相同的演化时间内，局部变换操作有助于提高具有密度矩阵${rho _W}$的“X”态在振幅阻尼环境下量子非局域测试的保真范围。
{"title":"Quantum nonlocality testing of the “X” state based on the CHSH inequality in Markov Environment","authors":"Zeng Bai-yun, Gu Peng-yu, Jiang Shi-min, Jia Xin-Yan, Fan Dai-He","doi":"10.7498/aps.72.20222218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20222218","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum nonlocality is one of the most fundamental characteristics of quantum theory. As a commonly used quantum state generated in experiments, the \"X\" state is a typical one in the research of open quantum systems, since it still maintains the stability of the \"X\" shape during the evolution. Using the Clauser-Horne-Harmony-Holt (CHSH) inequality, the quantum nonlocality testing of two \"X\" states associated with local transformation operations is studied under the Markov environment. The results show that in the phase damping environment, the two \"X\" states have the same CHSH inequality testing results with the increasing of the evolution time. Moreover, the maximum of quantum nonlocality test of the two \"X\" states will decrease nonlinearly. When 0.78<<i>F<1, the maximum value Sm of testing quantum nonlocality will gradually transition from Sm>2 to Sm<2 with the increasing of the evolution time of the two \"X\" states, and the research on the quantum nonlocality test cannot be successfully carried out. In the amplitude damping environment, using the \"X\" state obtained by the local transformation operation have a longer evolution time for the successfully quantum nonlocality testing when F>1. In particular, when F=1, the \"X\" state with the density matrix $rho _W$ cannot successfully perform the quantum nonlocality testing after the evolution time $Gamma t > 0.22$. For the \"X\" state with density matrix ${tilde rho _W}$, the quantum nonlocality testing cannot be performed until the evolution time $Gamma t > 0.26$. This results show that the local transformation operation of the \"X\" state is more conducive to the quantum nonlocality testing based on the CHSH inequality. Finally, the fidelity ranges of successfully testing the quantum nonlocality of the two \"X\" states in phase and amplitude damping environments are given in detail. The results show that, on the premise of quantum nonlocality testing successfully, the two types of \"X\" states evolving in the phase damping environment have the large range of valid fidelity. Meanwhile, at the same evolution time, the local transformation operation is helpful to improve the fidelity range of quantum nonlocality test in amplitude damping environment for \"X\" state with density matrix ${rho _W}$.","PeriodicalId":6995,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Sinica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78427664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Yang, Naifang Hu, Yongcheng Jin, Jun Ma, Guanglei Cui
The development of all-solid-state lithium batteries with high energy density, long cycle life, low cost and high safety is one of the important directions for the development of next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-rich cathode materials have been widely used in liquid lithium batteries for their higher discharge specific capacity (> 250 mAh g-1) and energy density (> 900 Wh kg-1), due to the synergistic redox of anions and cations, as well as their high thermal stability and low raw material cost. With the rapid development of high-performance lithium-rich cathode materials and solid-state electrolytes in all-solid-state lithium batteries, the application of lithium-rich cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium batteries is expected to break through to the target of 500 W h kg-1 energy density of lithium-ion batteries. In this review, we firstly elaborate the failure mechanism of lithium-rich cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium batteries. The poor electronic conductivity, irreversible redox reaction of anionic oxygen and structute transformation during the electrochemical cycling of lithium-rich cathode materials lead to the low initial coulomb efficiency, poor cycling stability and voltage decay. In addition, the high operating voltage of lithium-rich cathode materials (> 4.5 V vs. Li/Li+) exposes the cathode/electrolyte to not only conventional interfacial chemical reactions, but the released oxygen also aggravates the interfacial electrochemical reactions, which put higher demands on the interfacial stability of the cathode/electrolyte. Therefore, the intrinsic characteristics of lithium-rich cathode materials and the severe interfacial reaction of lithium-rich cathode/electrolyte greatly limit the application of lithium-rich cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium batteries. Then, we review the research progress of lithium-rich cathode materials in various solid-state electrolyte systems in recent years. The higher room temperature ionic conductivity and wider voltage window of inorganic solid-state electrolytes provide opportunities for the application of lithium-rich cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium batteries. At present, the application of lithium-rich cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium batteries has been initially explored on the basis of sulfide, halide and oxide solid-state electrolyte systems, and important progress has been made in studies including composite cathode preparation methods, interfacial reaction mechanisms and activation mechanisms. Finally, we summarize the current research focus of lithium-rich cathode all-solid-state lithium batteries and propose several strategies for their future outlook. Strategies such as the regulation of cathode material components, the construction of lithium ion and electron transport pathways within the composite cathode, and the interfacial modification of cathode materials have been shown to have significant effects in solving the failure p
开发高能量密度、长循环寿命、低成本、高安全性的全固态锂电池是下一代锂离子电池发展的重要方向之一。富锂正极材料由于阴离子和阳离子的协同氧化还原作用，具有较高的放电比容量(> 250mah g-1)和能量密度(> 900wh kg-1)，以及较高的热稳定性和较低的原料成本，已广泛应用于液体锂电池中。随着全固态锂电池中高性能富锂正极材料和固态电解质的快速发展，全固态锂电池中富锂正极材料的应用有望突破到锂离子电池500w h kg-1能量密度的目标。本文首先阐述了全固态锂电池中富锂正极材料的失效机理。富锂正极材料在电化学循环过程中的电子导电性差、阴离子氧不可逆氧化还原反应和结构转变导致其初始库仑效率低、循环稳定性差和电压衰减。此外，富锂正极材料的高工作电压(> 4.5 V vs. Li/Li+)不仅使阴极/电解液暴露在常规的界面化学反应中，而且释放的氧气也加剧了界面电化学反应，这对阴极/电解液的界面稳定性提出了更高的要求。因此，富锂正极材料的固有特性和富锂正极/电解质剧烈的界面反应极大地限制了富锂正极材料在全固态锂电池中的应用。综述了近年来在各种固态电解质体系中富锂正极材料的研究进展。无机固态电解质具有较高的室温离子电导率和较宽的电压窗，为富锂正极材料在全固态锂电池中的应用提供了机会。目前，在硫化物、卤化物、氧化物固态电解质体系的基础上，对富锂正极材料在全固态锂电池中的应用进行了初步探索，在复合正极制备方法、界面反应机理、活化机理等方面的研究都取得了重要进展。最后，总结了目前富锂阴极全固态锂电池的研究热点，并对其未来前景提出了几点展望。阴极材料组分的调控、复合阴极内锂离子和电子传递路径的构建、阴极材料界面的修饰等策略已被证明对解决失效问题有显著效果。
{"title":"Advance of lithium-rich cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium batteries","authors":"Yuan Yang, Naifang Hu, Yongcheng Jin, Jun Ma, Guanglei Cui","doi":"10.7498/aps.72.20230258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20230258","url":null,"abstract":"The development of all-solid-state lithium batteries with high energy density, long cycle life, low cost and high safety is one of the important directions for the development of next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-rich cathode materials have been widely used in liquid lithium batteries for their higher discharge specific capacity (> 250 mAh g-1) and energy density (> 900 Wh kg-1), due to the synergistic redox of anions and cations, as well as their high thermal stability and low raw material cost. With the rapid development of high-performance lithium-rich cathode materials and solid-state electrolytes in all-solid-state lithium batteries, the application of lithium-rich cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium batteries is expected to break through to the target of 500 W h kg-1 energy density of lithium-ion batteries. In this review, we firstly elaborate the failure mechanism of lithium-rich cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium batteries. The poor electronic conductivity, irreversible redox reaction of anionic oxygen and structute transformation during the electrochemical cycling of lithium-rich cathode materials lead to the low initial coulomb efficiency, poor cycling stability and voltage decay. In addition, the high operating voltage of lithium-rich cathode materials (> 4.5 V vs. Li/Li+) exposes the cathode/electrolyte to not only conventional interfacial chemical reactions, but the released oxygen also aggravates the interfacial electrochemical reactions, which put higher demands on the interfacial stability of the cathode/electrolyte. Therefore, the intrinsic characteristics of lithium-rich cathode materials and the severe interfacial reaction of lithium-rich cathode/electrolyte greatly limit the application of lithium-rich cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium batteries. Then, we review the research progress of lithium-rich cathode materials in various solid-state electrolyte systems in recent years. The higher room temperature ionic conductivity and wider voltage window of inorganic solid-state electrolytes provide opportunities for the application of lithium-rich cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium batteries. At present, the application of lithium-rich cathode materials in all-solid-state lithium batteries has been initially explored on the basis of sulfide, halide and oxide solid-state electrolyte systems, and important progress has been made in studies including composite cathode preparation methods, interfacial reaction mechanisms and activation mechanisms. Finally, we summarize the current research focus of lithium-rich cathode all-solid-state lithium batteries and propose several strategies for their future outlook. Strategies such as the regulation of cathode material components, the construction of lithium ion and electron transport pathways within the composite cathode, and the interfacial modification of cathode materials have been shown to have significant effects in solving the failure p","PeriodicalId":6995,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Sinica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74667346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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