Pub Date : 1999-07-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-401X(199907)27:4<200::AID-AHEH200>3.0.CO;2-Q
H. Claus, G. Gleixner, Z. Filip
A natural decay of plant and animal biomass in aquatic environments results in the release of different simple structured organic substances into water. In our laboratory experiments we investigated whether some of them, e.g., starch or peptone, and also a complex yeast biomass can be transformed into humic-like substances by natural assemblages and some pure cultures of aquatic microorganisms. After a 6 months incubation most of the cultural media enriched with those natural organic substrates turned dark in color and humic-like substances (HS) could be isolated. However, the original substrate organic carbon was mainly mineralized in microbial cultures, and only about 3 % C was converted into HS. Total yields of HS differed in dependence of the individual substrate used (peptone > yeast > starch), the origin of inoculum (river > lake > groundwater), and the incubation temperature (20°C > 10°C). According to their elemental composition, and their spectroscopical and electrophoretic characteristics the microbially formed HS resembled natural aquatic humic matter, but were higher in aliphatic constituents (carbohydrates, peptides) and lower in aromatic structures. HS-like substances were also obtained from pure cultures of a bacterium Bacillus sphaericus and a fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides. The 13 C and 15 N isotopic contents of the microbially produced HS differed in dependence on the microbial inoculum and the type of organic substrates used, but in general they indicated anabolic processes to be mainly responsible for the humification of the simple organic substrates used in our experiments.
{"title":"Formation of humic-like substances in mixed and pure cultures of aquatic microorganisms","authors":"H. Claus, G. Gleixner, Z. Filip","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-401X(199907)27:4<200::AID-AHEH200>3.0.CO;2-Q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-401X(199907)27:4<200::AID-AHEH200>3.0.CO;2-Q","url":null,"abstract":"A natural decay of plant and animal biomass in aquatic environments results in the release of different simple structured organic substances into water. In our laboratory experiments we investigated whether some of them, e.g., starch or peptone, and also a complex yeast biomass can be transformed into humic-like substances by natural assemblages and some pure cultures of aquatic microorganisms. After a 6 months incubation most of the cultural media enriched with those natural organic substrates turned dark in color and humic-like substances (HS) could be isolated. However, the original substrate organic carbon was mainly mineralized in microbial cultures, and only about 3 % C was converted into HS. Total yields of HS differed in dependence of the individual substrate used (peptone > yeast > starch), the origin of inoculum (river > lake > groundwater), and the incubation temperature (20°C > 10°C). According to their elemental composition, and their spectroscopical and electrophoretic characteristics the microbially formed HS resembled natural aquatic humic matter, but were higher in aliphatic constituents (carbohydrates, peptides) and lower in aromatic structures. HS-like substances were also obtained from pure cultures of a bacterium Bacillus sphaericus and a fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides. The 13 C and 15 N isotopic contents of the microbially produced HS differed in dependence on the microbial inoculum and the type of organic substrates used, but in general they indicated anabolic processes to be mainly responsible for the humification of the simple organic substrates used in our experiments.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"54 1","pages":"200-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83622954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.1002/AHEH.19970250406
K. Johannsen, T. Alex, H. Burwieck, T. Dorsch, K. Wichmann
The present study describes examinations of growth rate of calcium carbonate using seed crystals of different sizes in the range of 10 to 50 μm at concentrations in the range of 5 to 50 g·L−1. The rate constant related to the crystal surface per volume was found to be independend of the crystal size. The effect of temperature on the rate constant was described using the Arrhenius equation. The use of suspension of lime as precipitating agent leads to decrease of the rate constant compared to lime water. This effect can be explained by the dissolution of suspended calcium hydroxide particles. Using the presented conditions (SI0 = 2.8), no impact of iron and manganese ions was observed. Einflus von Eisen- und Manganionen auf die Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit von Calciumcarbonat In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Untersuchungen zur Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit von Calciumcarbonat vorgestellt. Es wurden Versuche mit Kristallen unterschiedlicher Grose im Bereich zwischen 10 und 50 μm fur Konzentrationen zwischen 5 und 50 g·L−1 durchgefuhrt. Es zeigte sich, das die auf die Oberflache pro Volumen bezogene Geschwindigkeitskonstante unabhangig von der Kristallgrose ist. Die Abhangigkeit der Geschwindigkeitskonstante von der Temperatur konnte mit der Arrhenius-Gleichung beschrieben werden. Im Vergleich zum Kalkwasser wird die Geschwindigkeit der Kristallisation durch die Verwendung von Kalkmilch erheblich verlangsamt, da das suspendierte Calciumhydroxid zunachst gelost werden mus. Unter den gewahlten Versuchsbedingungen (SI0 = 2.8) wurde die Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit weder durch Eisen- noch durch Manganionen beeinflust.
本研究描述了在浓度为5至50 g·L−1的情况下，使用10至50 μm范围内不同尺寸的种子晶体对碳酸钙生长速率的检测。与晶体体积表面积相关的速率常数与晶体尺寸无关。用阿伦尼乌斯方程描述了温度对反应速率常数的影响。与石灰水相比，用石灰悬浮液作沉淀剂使沉淀速率常数降低。这种效应可以用悬浮氢氧化钙颗粒的溶解来解释。在给出的条件下(SI0 = 2.8)，没有观察到铁和锰离子的影响。【参考例句】【参考例句】【参考例句】【参考例句】【参考例句】5和50 g·L−1 durchgefut的Konzentrationen zwischen。他说:“我认为我是一个天生的人，我是一个天生的人。”温度的变化:温度的变化:温度的变化:温度的变化在此基础上，我们进一步研究了氢氧化钙的结晶过程，并对氢氧化钙的结晶过程进行了分析。在den gewahlten Versuchsbedingungen (SI0 = 2.8)下，wurde die Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit weder durch Eisen- noch durch Manganionen被注入。
{"title":"Effect of Iron and Manganese Ions on the Crystal Growth of Calcium Carbonate","authors":"K. Johannsen, T. Alex, H. Burwieck, T. Dorsch, K. Wichmann","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250406","url":null,"abstract":"The present study describes examinations of growth rate of calcium carbonate using seed crystals of different sizes in the range of 10 to 50 μm at concentrations in the range of 5 to 50 g·L−1. The rate constant related to the crystal surface per volume was found to be independend of the crystal size. The effect of temperature on the rate constant was described using the Arrhenius equation. The use of suspension of lime as precipitating agent leads to decrease of the rate constant compared to lime water. This effect can be explained by the dissolution of suspended calcium hydroxide particles. Using the presented conditions (SI0 = 2.8), no impact of iron and manganese ions was observed. Einflus von Eisen- und Manganionen auf die Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit von Calciumcarbonat In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Untersuchungen zur Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit von Calciumcarbonat vorgestellt. Es wurden Versuche mit Kristallen unterschiedlicher Grose im Bereich zwischen 10 und 50 μm fur Konzentrationen zwischen 5 und 50 g·L−1 durchgefuhrt. Es zeigte sich, das die auf die Oberflache pro Volumen bezogene Geschwindigkeitskonstante unabhangig von der Kristallgrose ist. Die Abhangigkeit der Geschwindigkeitskonstante von der Temperatur konnte mit der Arrhenius-Gleichung beschrieben werden. Im Vergleich zum Kalkwasser wird die Geschwindigkeit der Kristallisation durch die Verwendung von Kalkmilch erheblich verlangsamt, da das suspendierte Calciumhydroxid zunachst gelost werden mus. Unter den gewahlten Versuchsbedingungen (SI0 = 2.8) wurde die Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit weder durch Eisen- noch durch Manganionen beeinflust.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"6 1","pages":"202-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80309983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.1002/AHEH.19970250505
B. Hendel, J. Marxsen
Activities of the extracellular enzymes β-D-glucosidase, phosphatase, and leucine aminopeptidase were investigated in unpolluted waters to test the suitability of flu-origenic model substrates for measuring enzyme activities in water samples expected to sustain low levels of activity. The waters tested were surface running waters, shallow ground-waters, and deep groundwaters from water extraction wells. Enzyme activity was detected in all the waters tested, although some of the hydrolytic rates were at the lower limit of current analytical capability. Rates varied between 1.1 and 291 nmol(L.h) for β-D-glucosidase, between 9.2 and 320 nmol(L.h) for phosphatase, and between 5.8 and 1560 nmol(L.h) for leucine aminopeptidase. The method thus proved to be suitable for measuring low levels of extracellular enzyme activity in natural waters, but in any case, it is necessary to adapt the technique to the type of water investigated
研究人员在未污染的水中研究了细胞外酶β- d -葡萄糖苷酶、磷酸酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶的活性，以测试流感源模型底物在预计维持低水平活性的水样中测量酶活性的适用性。测试的水包括地表水、浅层地下水和抽取水井的深层地下水。在所有测试的水中都检测到酶活性，尽管有些水解率处于当前分析能力的下限。β- d -葡萄糖苷酶在1.1 ~ 291 nmol(L.h)之间，磷酸酶在9.2 ~ 320 nmol(L.h)之间，亮氨酸氨基肽酶在5.8 ~ 1560 nmol(L.h)之间。因此，该方法被证明适用于测量天然水中低水平的细胞外酶活性，但无论如何，有必要使该技术适应所研究的水的类型
{"title":"Measurement of Low-level Extracellular Enzyme Activity in Natural Waters Using Fluorigenic Model Substrates","authors":"B. Hendel, J. Marxsen","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250505","url":null,"abstract":"Activities of the extracellular enzymes β-D-glucosidase, phosphatase, and leucine aminopeptidase were investigated in unpolluted waters to test the suitability of flu-origenic model substrates for measuring enzyme activities in water samples expected to sustain low levels of activity. The waters tested were surface running waters, shallow ground-waters, and deep groundwaters from water extraction wells. Enzyme activity was detected in all the waters tested, although some of the hydrolytic rates were at the lower limit of current analytical capability. Rates varied between 1.1 and 291 nmol(L.h) for β-D-glucosidase, between 9.2 and 320 nmol(L.h) for phosphatase, and between 5.8 and 1560 nmol(L.h) for leucine aminopeptidase. The method thus proved to be suitable for measuring low levels of extracellular enzyme activity in natural waters, but in any case, it is necessary to adapt the technique to the type of water investigated","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"1 1","pages":"253-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82351527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.1002/AHEH.19970250502
A. Chovanec
The analyses of pesticides in Austrian running waters are major part of the country-wide water quality monitoring system which has been established in 1991. This paper summarizes the data which were collected for 29 substances between December 1991 and June 1995. The monitoring activities focus on herbicides because they are the most important pesticide group in Austria. Substances of the triazines and phenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid group analyzed within the programme represent the major part of the total amount of herbicides applied. The most detected pesticides were atrazine and its metabolite deethylatrazine. Peak concentrations were obtained in rivers situated in the eastern and southern regions of Austria with intensive agriculture. Other substances play a minor role as contaminants in running waters. These findings correspond to the data obtained by investigations of groundwater in porous media.
{"title":"Pestizide in Österreichs Fließgewässern – ein bundesweiter Überblick","authors":"A. Chovanec","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250502","url":null,"abstract":"The analyses of pesticides in Austrian running waters are major part of the country-wide water quality monitoring system which has been established in 1991. This paper summarizes the data which were collected for 29 substances between December 1991 and June 1995. The monitoring activities focus on herbicides because they are the most important pesticide group in Austria. Substances of the triazines and phenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid group analyzed within the programme represent the major part of the total amount of herbicides applied. The most detected pesticides were atrazine and its metabolite deethylatrazine. Peak concentrations were obtained in rivers situated in the eastern and southern regions of Austria with intensive agriculture. Other substances play a minor role as contaminants in running waters. These findings correspond to the data obtained by investigations of groundwater in porous media.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"52 1","pages":"233-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88564092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.1002/AHEH.19970250515
M. Jekel
{"title":"Chemie und Biologie der Altlasten. Hrsg.: Fachgruppe Wasserchemie in der GDCh VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, 1997, ISBN 3–527–28802–3, 466 S., geb., DM 118,–","authors":"M. Jekel","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250515","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"4 1","pages":"285-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87426991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.1002/AHEH.19970250606
M. Petri, M. Wilker, H. Stabel, E. Gilbert
In mikrogesiebtem Rohwasser und aufbereitetem Trinkwasser aus dem Bodensee wurde die Bildung halogenorganischer Desinfektionsnebenprodukte (DNP) (Trihalogenmethane (THM), halogenierte Essigsauren (HES), halogenierte Acetonitrile (HAN), halogenierte Ketone (HKE) und Trichlornitromethan (TCNM)) nach einer Chlordesinfektion (0.5 mg/L) unter besonderer Berucksichtigung des Einflusses von Bromid auf die DNP-Zusammensetzung untersucht und eine Brommassenbilanz aufgestellt. Die Aufbereitung von Bodenseewasser mit Ozon verringerte die Bildung der DNP um 35% und der adsorbierbaren organisch gebundenen Halogene (AOX) um 45%. Die Abnahme der DNP-Summe beruht im wesentlichen auf der Verringerung der Chloroform-, Dichloressigsaure- und Trichloressigsaurebildung. Obwohl das Wasser des Bodensees einen Bromidgehalt von nur 6.2 μg/L hat, lagen nach der Chlorung von aufbereitetem Wasser 32% der THM, 16% der HES und 30% der HAN in Form ihrer bromhaltigen Verbindungen vor. Bei einer Chlorung des Wassers wurde durch zudotiertes Bromid (bis zu 1 mg/L) die DNP-Zusammensetzung zugunsten der bromierten Verbindungen verschoben, wobei die Verschiebung im wesentlichen vom Stoffmengenverhaltnis des Bromids zum Hypochlorit abhing. Ein mathematisches Modell zur Beschreibung der Veranderungen in der DNP-Zusammensetzung mit steigendem Br/HOCl-Stoffmengenverhaltnis zeigte eine gute Ubereinstimmung mit den gemessenen Werten fur mikrogesiebtes Rohwasser und fur aufbereitetes Trinkwasser aus dem Bodensee. Nach der Chlorung von mikrogesiebtem Rohwasser reagierten 27% des Bromids zu den nachgewiesenen DNP, 39% wurden nicht umgesetzt und 34% des Bromids befanden sich in unbekannten Verbindungen. Wird aufbereitetes Wasser gechlort, so wurden nur noch 16% des Bromids in unbekannte Verbindungen eingebaut, wahrend 34% in den bekannten DNP wiedergefunden und 50% nicht umgesetzt wurden. Auch bei Bromidzugaben (bis zu 25 μg/L) zu ozontem und aufbereitetem Wasser hat das nach der Chlorung umgesetzte Bromid zu 60 bis 72% zu den nachgewiesenen niedermolekularen halogenorganischen DNP reagiert. Formation of Brominated Disinfection By-products after Chlorination of Water from Lake Constance Depending on Treatment Steps and Bromide Concentration The formation of halogenated disinfection by-products (DNP) (trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetic acids (HES), haloacetonitriles (HAN), haloketones (HKE) and chloropicrin (TCNM)) was studied after chlorination (0.5 mg/L) of raw water and drinking water from Lake Constance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of bromide ion on the distribution of DNP-species resulting from chlorination and to draw up a bromide mass-balance. The treatment of water from Lake Constance with ozone decreased the formation of DNP about 35% and of total organic halogens (AOX) about 45%. This decline in DNP-formation is mainly due to the formation of chloroform, dichloro- and trichloroacetic acid. Though there is only a
在mikrogesiebtem Rohwasser aufbereitetem饮用水的博登湖被教育halogenorganischer Desinfektionsnebenprodukte无害(DNP) (Trihalogenmethane (THM)、卤代Essigsauren无害(结)、卤代Acetonitrile无害(韩)、卤代Ketone (HKE)和Trichlornitromethan (TCNM))后Chlordesinfektion (0.5 mg / L)特别Berucksichtigung影响力之时从Bromid DNP-Zusammensetzung调查和了一块Brommassenbilanz .臭氧在开采过程中造成的地下水污染减少了35%，而可以吸入的有机卤素(酵素)减少了45%。民主党全国剂量的减少主要与氯仿、二氯酸钾和旋毛病发病率的降低有关。尽管水的Bodensees只有6.2个机构Bromidgehaltμg / L,在向你的Chlorung aufbereitetem水32%的THM 16%结和30% .前韩构成其bromhaltigen联系当水流中注射海水时，过量化学碱(可可碱(最大1毫克/L)含有减少化学物质的化学成分，而化学物质大大减少时，化学物质大大减少而变成了缺氧。一个描述纳米浮水瓶容量上升/ hoccs的计算变化的数学模型与所记录的微溶热水和德国登湖的尾矿水有很大的不同。注射了少量的沸水之后，碱含有27%的先前称为注射量。当回收完毕的水含有碱的16%用于不明的连接，之后再发现34%在已知的聂伯河，50%没有使用。也在Bromidzugaben(多达25μg / L)后Chlorung ozontem和aufbereitetem水把实施Bromid 60到72%的已探明niedermolekularen halogenorganischen DNP .反应队形of Brominated Disinfection By-products严格筛选Chlorination of Water从湖康丝坦Depending on 5张开and Bromide Concentration队形》halogenated Disinfection By-products (DNP) (trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetic acids(结)、haloacetonitriles(韩)、haloketones (HKE)和chloropicrin (TCNM)) studied严格筛选Chlorination (0.5 mg / L) of raw Water and drinking Water从湖康丝坦.研究这些纹身产生的化学碱注射酸素行为由于麻醉作用和注射a化学碱造成里面有45%的剂量是有毒的民主党在民主党阵式中除氯仿和旋毛虫病外均属正常状态。虽然那里只有一只小amount of bromide(6.2μg / L)在水从康丝坦湖为32% of THM 16%的结,韩和30% of contained bromine严格筛选chlorination of treated water .化学胆碱加(减1毫克/L)，化学胆碱量增加。《聂伯林种麻醉作用》注射无害碱化学碱数学模仿者shawed注射有害剂量的混合液注射均匀之后在微软水流中进行观察注射调剂剂量niw raw慢慢注射可可碱的27%减少了毒碱的34%减少了39%的化学碱尾麻醉水之后再注射可可碱的16%再注射50%唾液严格筛选加法of bromide (up to 25μg / L) ozonated》小册treated水从湖康丝坦《between 60和72%,bromide那个瞎子reacted严格筛选chlorination的地方可以找到在analyzed low-molecular DNP .
{"title":"Bildung bromhaltiger Desinfektionsnebenprodukte nach Chlorung von Bodenseewasser in Abhängigkeit von Aufbereitungsschritten und der Bromidkonzentration","authors":"M. Petri, M. Wilker, H. Stabel, E. Gilbert","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250606","url":null,"abstract":"In mikrogesiebtem Rohwasser und aufbereitetem Trinkwasser aus dem Bodensee wurde die Bildung halogenorganischer Desinfektionsnebenprodukte (DNP) (Trihalogenmethane (THM), halogenierte Essigsauren (HES), halogenierte Acetonitrile (HAN), halogenierte Ketone (HKE) und Trichlornitromethan (TCNM)) nach einer Chlordesinfektion (0.5 mg/L) unter besonderer Berucksichtigung des Einflusses von Bromid auf die DNP-Zusammensetzung untersucht und eine Brommassenbilanz aufgestellt. Die Aufbereitung von Bodenseewasser mit Ozon verringerte die Bildung der DNP um 35% und der adsorbierbaren organisch gebundenen Halogene (AOX) um 45%. Die Abnahme der DNP-Summe beruht im wesentlichen auf der Verringerung der Chloroform-, Dichloressigsaure- und Trichloressigsaurebildung. Obwohl das Wasser des Bodensees einen Bromidgehalt von nur 6.2 μg/L hat, lagen nach der Chlorung von aufbereitetem Wasser 32% der THM, 16% der HES und 30% der HAN in Form ihrer bromhaltigen Verbindungen vor. Bei einer Chlorung des Wassers wurde durch zudotiertes Bromid (bis zu 1 mg/L) die DNP-Zusammensetzung zugunsten der bromierten Verbindungen verschoben, wobei die Verschiebung im wesentlichen vom Stoffmengenverhaltnis des Bromids zum Hypochlorit abhing. Ein mathematisches Modell zur Beschreibung der Veranderungen in der DNP-Zusammensetzung mit steigendem Br/HOCl-Stoffmengenverhaltnis zeigte eine gute Ubereinstimmung mit den gemessenen Werten fur mikrogesiebtes Rohwasser und fur aufbereitetes Trinkwasser aus dem Bodensee. Nach der Chlorung von mikrogesiebtem Rohwasser reagierten 27% des Bromids zu den nachgewiesenen DNP, 39% wurden nicht umgesetzt und 34% des Bromids befanden sich in unbekannten Verbindungen. Wird aufbereitetes Wasser gechlort, so wurden nur noch 16% des Bromids in unbekannte Verbindungen eingebaut, wahrend 34% in den bekannten DNP wiedergefunden und 50% nicht umgesetzt wurden. Auch bei Bromidzugaben (bis zu 25 μg/L) zu ozontem und aufbereitetem Wasser hat das nach der Chlorung umgesetzte Bromid zu 60 bis 72% zu den nachgewiesenen niedermolekularen halogenorganischen DNP reagiert. Formation of Brominated Disinfection By-products after Chlorination of Water from Lake Constance Depending on Treatment Steps and Bromide Concentration The formation of halogenated disinfection by-products (DNP) (trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetic acids (HES), haloacetonitriles (HAN), haloketones (HKE) and chloropicrin (TCNM)) was studied after chlorination (0.5 mg/L) of raw water and drinking water from Lake Constance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of bromide ion on the distribution of DNP-species resulting from chlorination and to draw up a bromide mass-balance. The treatment of water from Lake Constance with ozone decreased the formation of DNP about 35% and of total organic halogens (AOX) about 45%. This decline in DNP-formation is mainly due to the formation of chloroform, dichloro- and trichloroacetic acid. Though there is only a ","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"7 1","pages":"319-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87363335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.1002/AHEH.19970250602
H. Lebertz, J. Springer
The biodegradability of 5 different commercially available common photographic developers and their ingredients hydroquinone, isoascorbic acid, and its sodium salt was determined in parallel using the OECD-screening-test (OECD 301E). The results obtained from the degradation test on hydroquinone were compared with the results of other laboratories. Biodegradability of developers containing isoascorbic acid was in the same range as of comparable products containing hydroquinone. Biologische Abbaubarkeit von Photoentwicklern und ihren Inhaltsstoffen, insbesondere von Hydrochinon und Isoascorbinsaure Die biologische Abbaubarkeit von 5 verschiedenen kommerziell erhaltlichen typischen Photoentwicklern und deren Inhaltsstoffen Hydrochinon, Isoascorbinsaure und ihrem Natriumsalz wurde parallel im OECD-Screening-Test (OECD 301E) gepruft. Die Abbauergebnisse aus dem Abbau von Hydrochinon wurden mit Resultaten anderer Labors verglichen. Der Abbaugrad von Photoentwicklern, die Isoascorbinsaure enthalten, war im selben Bereich wie der fur vergleichbare Photoentwickler, die Hydrochinon enthalten.
{"title":"Biodegradability of photographic developers and ingredients of photographic developers, especially of hydroquinone and isoascorbic acid","authors":"H. Lebertz, J. Springer","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250602","url":null,"abstract":"The biodegradability of 5 different commercially available common photographic developers and their ingredients hydroquinone, isoascorbic acid, and its sodium salt was determined in parallel using the OECD-screening-test (OECD 301E). The results obtained from the degradation test on hydroquinone were compared with the results of other laboratories. Biodegradability of developers containing isoascorbic acid was in the same range as of comparable products containing hydroquinone. Biologische Abbaubarkeit von Photoentwicklern und ihren Inhaltsstoffen, insbesondere von Hydrochinon und Isoascorbinsaure Die biologische Abbaubarkeit von 5 verschiedenen kommerziell erhaltlichen typischen Photoentwicklern und deren Inhaltsstoffen Hydrochinon, Isoascorbinsaure und ihrem Natriumsalz wurde parallel im OECD-Screening-Test (OECD 301E) gepruft. Die Abbauergebnisse aus dem Abbau von Hydrochinon wurden mit Resultaten anderer Labors verglichen. Der Abbaugrad von Photoentwicklern, die Isoascorbinsaure enthalten, war im selben Bereich wie der fur vergleichbare Photoentwickler, die Hydrochinon enthalten.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"200 1","pages":"294-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76977434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.1002/AHEH.19970250503
F. M. Pestke, C. Bergmann, B. Rentrop, H. Maassen, A. Hirner
When using an elution procedure for organic pollutants to estimate the leaching behaviour of contamined soils and waste deposits, the influence of organic matter in solids and eluates adequately has to be considered. In batch tests with a solid/liquid ratio of 1:10, various aqueous solutions were composed, the solubilizing effect of which can be attributed to ubiquitous natural compounds (e. g., phospholipids, humic and carbonic acids). These solutions were evaluated in regard to the mobilization of PAHs, PCBs, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in soil and waste samples. The results were compared with batch tests containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the properties and applications of which are selected and optimized in order to simulate the chemical interactions between pollutant and solubilizing substances of natural sources. Under alkaline conditions, the part of eluated pollutants was high because of the release of humic substances indigenous to the sample. Low concentrations of phospholipids and humic acid could decrease the mobility of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The extend of HOC mobilization is affected by specific interdependences between solubilizing substances and reactive matter of the samples. For most samples, 5.0g/L concentrated SDS solution was able to simulate the most effective natural solutizer potential in regard to the mobilization of PAHs, PCBs, and aliphatic hydrocarbons within the system of batch tests. Whereas elution with pure water caused significant deviations in pollutant composition and too low yields, the use of SDS effected a good conformity. Modified in such a manner, the elution procedure can follow DIN 38414 part 4, when loss of pollutants will be minimized; e. g., centrifugation is needed to separate phases.
{"title":"Mobilisierbarkeit von hydrophoben organischen Schadstoffen in belasteten Böden und Abfällen. Teil I: Mobilisierbarkeit von PCB, PAK und n‐Alkanen durch Lösungsvermittler","authors":"F. M. Pestke, C. Bergmann, B. Rentrop, H. Maassen, A. Hirner","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250503","url":null,"abstract":"When using an elution procedure for organic pollutants to estimate the leaching behaviour of contamined soils and waste deposits, the influence of organic matter in solids and eluates adequately has to be considered. In batch tests with a solid/liquid ratio of 1:10, various aqueous solutions were composed, the solubilizing effect of which can be attributed to ubiquitous natural compounds (e. g., phospholipids, humic and carbonic acids). These solutions were evaluated in regard to the mobilization of PAHs, PCBs, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in soil and waste samples. The results were compared with batch tests containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the properties and applications of which are selected and optimized in order to simulate the chemical interactions between pollutant and solubilizing substances of natural sources. Under alkaline conditions, the part of eluated pollutants was high because of the release of humic substances indigenous to the sample. Low concentrations of phospholipids and humic acid could decrease the mobility of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The extend of HOC mobilization is affected by specific interdependences between solubilizing substances and reactive matter of the samples. For most samples, 5.0g/L concentrated SDS solution was able to simulate the most effective natural solutizer potential in regard to the mobilization of PAHs, PCBs, and aliphatic hydrocarbons within the system of batch tests. Whereas elution with pure water caused significant deviations in pollutant composition and too low yields, the use of SDS effected a good conformity. Modified in such a manner, the elution procedure can follow DIN 38414 part 4, when loss of pollutants will be minimized; e. g., centrifugation is needed to separate phases.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"257 1","pages":"242-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74920349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.1002/AHEH.19970250107
U. Obst
{"title":"Bewertungsorientierte Untersuchung von Wasser – Analytik der Zukunft?","authors":"U. Obst","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"3 1","pages":"41-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85408126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：